more on spelling
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lingdocs
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@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import * as inflectionPatterns from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/infle
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import * as feminineInflection from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/feminine-inflection.mdx";
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import * as theFiveYeys from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
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import * as typingIssues from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./writing/typing-issues.mdx";
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const contentTree = [
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{
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@ -149,6 +150,10 @@ const contentTree = [
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import: theFiveYeys,
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slug: "the-five-yeys",
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},
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{
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import: typingIssues,
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slug: "typing-issues",
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},
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],
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},
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];
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The five ی letters (<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پینځه یېګانې", f
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Below are the five ی's as they are used in most dictionaries, written material, and in education and official language in Afghanistan. Click to hear the sound of each letter.
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<table class="table">
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<table class="table table-bordered my-3 text-center" style={{ margin: "0 auto", maxWidth: "400px" }}>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Letter</th>
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@ -27,27 +27,27 @@ Below are the five ی's as they are used in most dictionaries, written material,
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<tbody>
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<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("ey").play()}>
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<td className="h4">ی</td>
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<td>ey</td>
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<td className="h5">ey</td>
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<td>ai</td>
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</tr>
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<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("e").play()}>
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<td className="h4">ې</td>
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<td>e</td>
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<td className="h5">e</td>
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<td>e</td>
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</tr>
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<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("ee").play()}>
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<td className="h4">ي</td>
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<td>ee</td>
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<td className="h5">ee</td>
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<td>i</td>
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</tr>
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<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("uy").play()}>
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<td className="h4">ۍ</td>
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<td>uy</td>
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<td className="h5">uy</td>
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<td>əj</td>
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</tr>
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<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("eyy").play()}>
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<td className="h4">ئ</td>
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<td>eyy</td>
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<td className="h5">eyy</td>
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<td>ɛ̝j</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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@ -185,49 +185,25 @@ You will also see the ئ letter *in the middle* of some loan words where it indi
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- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "جائز", f: "jaa'iz", e: "permitted" }} />
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- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "رئس", f: "ra'ees", e: "chief" }} />
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#### The ـیـ in the middle of words
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When you write a ی or a ي, they both appear as a ـیـ in the middle of words. So when you see a ـیـ it can be either:
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- a "ey" sound
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- a "ee" sound
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- a "y" sound
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This can lead to confusion when typing or searching for things online. For example when typing the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مینه", f: "meena" }} /> should you use a ی or a ي in the middle of the word? 🤷♂️ Does it matter? Both look exactly the same, but when you type <kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>f</kbd> and try to search for it, it makes a big difference! Try it on these words:
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- مینه (spelled with ی)
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- مينه (spelled with ي)
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It seems most common to always **use ی when typing in the middle of words**, to avoid confusion. This seems to be the most common practice, but it's not always the case. If you use [qamosona.com](https://qamosona.com/), for example, you will find that the middle of words are often spelled with a ي and so you will need to keep that in mind and use ي in the middle when searching.
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#### ی vs. ى
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Depending on the keyboard used, you might get one of two basically identical looking versions of ی. This can cause massive confusion when search for words. 😖
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- ی Farsi Yeh ([unicode 06CC](https://unicode-table.com/en/06CC/)) 👍 ✔
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- ى Alef Maksura ([unicode 0649](https://unicode-table.com/en/0649/)) 👎 ❌
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Make sure you don't have a bad keyboard ⌨🙅♂️ that uses the Alef Maksura ى! To check, you can go to [this site](https://unicode-table.com/en/) and type a ی to see which one you're using.
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## Writing Systems in Pakistan
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export const highlight = { background: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)" };
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In Pakistan there have been a number of different systems used for writing the Pashto ی's. Unfortunately, there has been a lot of changing and mixing between these various systems. This, along with a lack of Pashto literacy has led to massive confusion and inconsitencies in Pashto spelling in Pakistan.
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In Pakistan there have been a number of different systems used for writing the Pashto ی's.
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Here's a chart of 3 different systems used in Pakistan, with the differences from Standard Afghan spelling <span style={highlight}>highlighted</span>.
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### Comparison Chart
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<div style={{ overflowX: "auto", margin: "0 auto" }}>
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<table class="table table-bordered text-center" style={{ maxWidth: "500px" }}>
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<div className="my-3" style={{ overflowX: "auto" }}>
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<table class="table table-bordered text-center" style={{ maxWidth: "500px", tableLayout: "fixed", margin: "0 auto" }}>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Standard</th>
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<th scope="col">Phonetics</th>
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<th scope="col">Pakistani w ي</th>
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<th scope="col">Pakistani w ی</th>
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<th scope="col">Old Pakistani</th>
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<th scope="col">AF</th>
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<th scope="col">Sound</th>
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<th scope="col">PK ي</th>
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<th scope="col">PK ی</th>
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<th scope="col">Old PK</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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@ -329,3 +305,72 @@ Instead of the ی at the end of long-vowel dipthongs, the letter ئ is used in P
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### Difficulties with Spelling in Pakistan
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In Pakistan, Pashto is more of a spoken language than a written one. Because of a lack of Pashto literacy and a lack of clarity in the writing standards, Pashto written material in Pakistan is often full of errors and inconsistencies. Written material may contain a mixture of the three systems outlined above, so the learner will need to be careful when reading texts from that area.
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#### ے vs ې
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One very common mistake in Pakistan is the use of ے instead of ې. This might be because in the old writing system the letter ے was used for both <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ے", f: "ey" }} /> and <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ې", f: "e" }} />, but it is probably also due to a habit of <strong>inflecting words with ے as they are in Urdu</strong>.
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<table class="table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Correct PK w/ ي ✔</th>
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<th scope="col">Incorrect ❌</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<Examples opts={opts}>{[
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{ p: "د زپې او لهجې په حواله به خبرې کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
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]}</Examples>
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</td>
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<td>
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<Examples opts={opts}>{[
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{ p: "د زپې او لهجے په حواله به خبرے کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
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]}</Examples>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## Examples of Different Spelling Systems
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##### Standard Afghan
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<Examples opts={opts}>{[
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{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځای شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
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{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړی کابل ته رسېدی شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
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{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وايي، زما خاوند کوچی دی، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
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{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
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]}</Examples>
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##### Pakistani with ي
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<Examples opts={opts}>{[
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{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
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{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
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{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وائي، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
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{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
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]}</Examples>
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##### Pakistani with ی
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<Examples opts={opts}>{[
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{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شی، غر ترې جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
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{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
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{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
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{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
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]}</Examples>
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##### Old Pakistani
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<Examples opts={opts}>{[
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{ p: "دانه دانه چه یو ځائ شی، غر ترے جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
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{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
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{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچئ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
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{ p: `تاسو کرسئ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
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]}</Examples>
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@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
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---
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title: Typing Issues ⌨
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---
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import {
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defaultTextOptions as opts,
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InlinePs,
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} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
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## Finding a good keyboard 📱
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Typing proper Pashto on a phone can be difficult, and so many people make do with Urdu or Farsi keyboards. The following two keyboards are reccommended for good Pashto support:
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- For Android: [GBoard - the Google Keyboard](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.inputmethod.latin&hl=en&gl=US)
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- For iOS: the native iOS keyboard.
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## The ـیـ in the middle of words
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When you write a ی or a ي, they both appear as a ـیـ in the middle of words. So when you see a ـیـ it can be either:
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- a "ey" sound
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- a "ee" sound
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- a "y" sound
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This can lead to confusion when typing or searching for things online. For example when typing the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مینه", f: "meena" }} /> should you use a ی or a ي in the middle of the word? 🤷♂️ Does it matter? Both look exactly the same, but when you type <kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>f</kbd> and try to search for it, it makes a big difference! Try it on these words:
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- مینه (spelled with ی)
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- مينه (spelled with ي)
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It seems best to always **use ی when typing in the middle of words**, to avoid confusion. This seems to be the most common practice, but it's not always the case. If you use [qamosona.com](https://qamosona.com/), for example, you will find that the middle of words are often spelled with a ي and so you will need to keep that in mind and use ي in the middle when searching.
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## ی vs. ى
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Depending on the keyboard used, you might get one of two basically identical looking versions of ی. This can cause massive confusion when search for words. 😖
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- ی Farsi Yeh ([unicode 06CC](https://unicode-table.com/en/06CC/)) 👍 ✔
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- ى Alef Maksura ([unicode 0649](https://unicode-table.com/en/0649/)) 👎 ❌
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Make sure you don't have a bad keyboard ⌨🙅♂️ that uses the Alef Maksura ى! To check, you can go to [this site](https://unicode-table.com/en/) and type a ی to see which one you're using.
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