more on spelling

This commit is contained in:
lingdocs 2021-07-10 16:58:54 +03:00
parent 57662af8b1
commit dfc174c182
3 changed files with 127 additions and 38 deletions

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@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import * as inflectionPatterns from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/infle
import * as feminineInflection from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/feminine-inflection.mdx"; import * as feminineInflection from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/feminine-inflection.mdx";
import * as theFiveYeys from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx"; import * as theFiveYeys from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
import * as typingIssues from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./writing/typing-issues.mdx";
const contentTree = [ const contentTree = [
{ {
@ -149,6 +150,10 @@ const contentTree = [
import: theFiveYeys, import: theFiveYeys,
slug: "the-five-yeys", slug: "the-five-yeys",
}, },
{
import: typingIssues,
slug: "typing-issues",
},
], ],
}, },
]; ];

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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The five ی letters (<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پینځه یېګانې", f
Below are the five ی's as they are used in most dictionaries, written material, and in education and official language in Afghanistan. Click to hear the sound of each letter. Below are the five ی's as they are used in most dictionaries, written material, and in education and official language in Afghanistan. Click to hear the sound of each letter.
<table class="table"> <table class="table table-bordered my-3 text-center" style={{ margin: "0 auto", maxWidth: "400px" }}>
<thead> <thead>
<tr> <tr>
<th scope="col">Letter</th> <th scope="col">Letter</th>
@ -27,27 +27,27 @@ Below are the five ی's as they are used in most dictionaries, written material,
<tbody> <tbody>
<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("ey").play()}> <tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("ey").play()}>
<td className="h4">ی</td> <td className="h4">ی</td>
<td>ey</td> <td className="h5">ey</td>
<td>ai</td> <td>ai</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("e").play()}> <tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("e").play()}>
<td className="h4">ې</td> <td className="h4">ې</td>
<td>e</td> <td className="h5">e</td>
<td>e</td> <td>e</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("ee").play()}> <tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("ee").play()}>
<td className="h4">ي</td> <td className="h4">ي</td>
<td>ee</td> <td className="h5">ee</td>
<td>i</td> <td>i</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("uy").play()}> <tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("uy").play()}>
<td className="h4">ۍ</td> <td className="h4">ۍ</td>
<td>uy</td> <td className="h5">uy</td>
<td>əj</td> <td>əj</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("eyy").play()}> <tr className="clickable" onClick={() => document.getElementById("eyy").play()}>
<td className="h4">ئ</td> <td className="h4">ئ</td>
<td>eyy</td> <td className="h5">eyy</td>
<td>ɛ̝j</td> <td>ɛ̝j</td>
</tr> </tr>
</tbody> </tbody>
@ -185,49 +185,25 @@ You will also see the ئ letter *in the middle* of some loan words where it indi
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "جائز", f: "jaa'iz", e: "permitted" }} /> - <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "جائز", f: "jaa'iz", e: "permitted" }} />
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "رئس", f: "ra'ees", e: "chief" }} /> - <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "رئس", f: "ra'ees", e: "chief" }} />
#### The ـیـ in the middle of words
When you write a ی or a ي, they both appear as a ـیـ in the middle of words. So when you see a ـیـ it can be either:
- a "ey" sound
- a "ee" sound
- a "y" sound
This can lead to confusion when typing or searching for things online. For example when typing the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مینه", f: "meena" }} /> should you use a ی or a ي in the middle of the word? 🤷‍♂️ Does it matter? Both look exactly the same, but when you type <kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>f</kbd> and try to search for it, it makes a big difference! Try it on these words:
- مینه (spelled with ی)
- مينه (spelled with ي)
It seems most common to always **use ی when typing in the middle of words**, to avoid confusion. This seems to be the most common practice, but it's not always the case. If you use [qamosona.com](https://qamosona.com/), for example, you will find that the middle of words are often spelled with a ي and so you will need to keep that in mind and use ي in the middle when searching.
#### ی vs. ى
Depending on the keyboard used, you might get one of two basically identical looking versions of ی. This can cause massive confusion when search for words. 😖
- ی Farsi Yeh ([unicode 06CC](https://unicode-table.com/en/06CC/)) 👍 ✔
- ى Alef Maksura ([unicode 0649](https://unicode-table.com/en/0649/)) 👎 ❌
Make sure you don't have a bad keyboard ⌨🙅‍♂️ that uses the Alef Maksura ى! To check, you can go to [this site](https://unicode-table.com/en/) and type a ی to see which one you're using.
## Writing Systems in Pakistan ## Writing Systems in Pakistan
export const highlight = { background: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)" }; export const highlight = { background: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)" };
In Pakistan there have been a number of different systems used for writing the Pashto ی's. Unfortunately, there has been a lot of changing and mixing between these various systems. This, along with a lack of Pashto literacy has led to massive confusion and inconsitencies in Pashto spelling in Pakistan. In Pakistan there have been a number of different systems used for writing the Pashto ی's.
Here's a chart of 3 different systems used in Pakistan, with the differences from Standard Afghan spelling <span style={highlight}>highlighted</span>. Here's a chart of 3 different systems used in Pakistan, with the differences from Standard Afghan spelling <span style={highlight}>highlighted</span>.
### Comparison Chart ### Comparison Chart
<div style={{ overflowX: "auto", margin: "0 auto" }}> <div className="my-3" style={{ overflowX: "auto" }}>
<table class="table table-bordered text-center" style={{ maxWidth: "500px" }}> <table class="table table-bordered text-center" style={{ maxWidth: "500px", tableLayout: "fixed", margin: "0 auto" }}>
<thead> <thead>
<tr> <tr>
<th scope="col">Standard</th> <th scope="col">AF</th>
<th scope="col">Phonetics</th> <th scope="col">Sound</th>
<th scope="col">Pakistani w ي</th> <th scope="col">PK ي</th>
<th scope="col">Pakistani w ی</th> <th scope="col">PK ی</th>
<th scope="col">Old Pakistani</th> <th scope="col">Old PK</th>
</tr> </tr>
</thead> </thead>
<tbody> <tbody>
@ -329,3 +305,72 @@ Instead of the ی at the end of long-vowel dipthongs, the letter ئ is used in P
</tr> </tr>
</tbody> </tbody>
</table> </table>
### Difficulties with Spelling in Pakistan
In Pakistan, Pashto is more of a spoken language than a written one. Because of a lack of Pashto literacy and a lack of clarity in the writing standards, Pashto written material in Pakistan is often full of errors and inconsistencies. Written material may contain a mixture of the three systems outlined above, so the learner will need to be careful when reading texts from that area.
#### ے vs ې
One very common mistake in Pakistan is the use of ے instead of ې. This might be because in the old writing system the letter ے was used for both <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ے", f: "ey" }} /> and <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ې", f: "e" }} />, but it is probably also due to a habit of <strong>inflecting words with ے as they are in Urdu</strong>.
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Correct PK w/ ي ✔</th>
<th scope="col">Incorrect ❌</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{ p: "د زپې او لهجې په حواله به خبرې کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{ p: "د زپې او لهجے په حواله به خبرے کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## Examples of Different Spelling Systems
##### Standard Afghan
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځای شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړی کابل ته رسېدی شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وايي، زما خاوند کوچی دی، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
##### Pakistani with ي
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وائي، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
##### Pakistani with ی
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شی، غر ترې جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
##### Old Pakistani
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چه یو ځائ شی، غر ترے جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچئ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسئ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>

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@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
---
title: Typing Issues ⌨
---
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
InlinePs,
} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
## Finding a good keyboard 📱
Typing proper Pashto on a phone can be difficult, and so many people make do with Urdu or Farsi keyboards. The following two keyboards are reccommended for good Pashto support:
- For Android: [GBoard - the Google Keyboard](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.inputmethod.latin&hl=en&gl=US)
- For iOS: the native iOS keyboard.
## The ـیـ in the middle of words
When you write a ی or a ي, they both appear as a ـیـ in the middle of words. So when you see a ـیـ it can be either:
- a "ey" sound
- a "ee" sound
- a "y" sound
This can lead to confusion when typing or searching for things online. For example when typing the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مینه", f: "meena" }} /> should you use a ی or a ي in the middle of the word? 🤷‍♂️ Does it matter? Both look exactly the same, but when you type <kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>f</kbd> and try to search for it, it makes a big difference! Try it on these words:
- مینه (spelled with ی)
- مينه (spelled with ي)
It seems best to always **use ی when typing in the middle of words**, to avoid confusion. This seems to be the most common practice, but it's not always the case. If you use [qamosona.com](https://qamosona.com/), for example, you will find that the middle of words are often spelled with a ي and so you will need to keep that in mind and use ي in the middle when searching.
## ی vs. ى
Depending on the keyboard used, you might get one of two basically identical looking versions of ی. This can cause massive confusion when search for words. 😖
- ی Farsi Yeh ([unicode 06CC](https://unicode-table.com/en/06CC/)) 👍 ✔
- ى Alef Maksura ([unicode 0649](https://unicode-table.com/en/0649/)) 👎 ❌
Make sure you don't have a bad keyboard ⌨🙅‍♂️ that uses the Alef Maksura ى! To check, you can go to [this site](https://unicode-table.com/en/) and type a ی to see which one you're using.