more pronoun stuff
This commit is contained in:
adueck
parent
a0e0e7ed71
commit
6e9d5fb572
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ function Table({ headRow, children, opts, wide }) {
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<tr key={`row ${i}`}>
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{row.map((cell, j) => (
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<td key={`row ${i}, cell ${j}`} style={(cell && cell.gender) ? { backgroundColor: cell.gender === "m" ? mascColor : femColor } : {}}>
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{isObject(cell)
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{isObject(cell) && "p" in cell && "f" in cell
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? <Examples opts={opts}>{[cell]}</Examples>
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: (!cell)
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? ""
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@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ import * as introToParticiples from "./participles/intro.mdx";
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// @ts-ignore
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import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
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// @ts-ignore
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import * as pronounsIndefinite from "./pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx";
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// @ts-ignore
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import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
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// @ts-ignore
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import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
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@ -248,6 +250,10 @@ export const contentTree: (ChapterSection | ChaptersSection)[] =
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"import": pronounsBasic,
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"slug": "pronouns-basic"
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},
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{
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"import": pronounsIndefinite,
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"slug": "pronouns-indefinate"
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},
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{
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"import": pronounsMini,
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"slug": "pronouns-mini"
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@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ export function ServantIcon() {
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<div className="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
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<strong>Note:</strong> This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in
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small parts if you need to, but it's <em>super important</em> to understand if
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you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto (This will help you understand
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past tense etc.)
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you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto. This will help you understand
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past tense etc.
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</div>
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<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cwJe_iPiSw&t=2s&ab_channel=LingDocs" />
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@ -3,12 +3,17 @@ title: Pronouns
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---
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import {
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defaultTextOptions,
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defaultTextOptions as opts,
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grammarUnits,
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VerbTable,
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ButtonSelect,
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Examples,
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} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
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import Table from "../../components/Table";
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import Link from "../../components/Link";
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import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
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import { useState } from "react";
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import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
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export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
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const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain");
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@ -35,8 +40,28 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
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<div className="text-center my-3">
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<ButtonSelect
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options={[
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{ label: "Plain", value: "plain" },
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{ label: "Inflected", value: "inflected" },
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{
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label: (
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<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
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<div className="mr-2">
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<InlineInflectionButton />
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</div>
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<div className="align-self-center">Plain</div>
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</div>
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),
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value: "plain",
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},
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{
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label: (
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<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
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<div className="mr-2">
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<InlineInflectionButton inflection={1} />
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</div>
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<div className="align-self-center">Inflected</div>
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</div>
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),
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value: "inflected",
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},
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]}
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value={choice}
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handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
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@ -44,7 +69,7 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
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</div>
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<VerbTable
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block={pronouns[choice]}
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textOptions={defaultTextOptions}
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textOptions={opts}
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english={english[choice]}
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/>
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</div>
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@ -64,3 +89,97 @@ These pronouns are used to reference people or things that are close (either phy
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Notice that only the third person pronouns are different from the far pronouns.
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<PronounInflectionChoice pronouns={grammarUnits.pronouns.near} />
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## Inflecting Pronouns
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Since there are singular and plural versions of pronouns, pronouns will not inflect for being plural. But the singular pronouns will inflect for the other two reasons:
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- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb
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- being in a sandwich
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "**هغې** زه ولیدم.",
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f: "**haghé** zu óoleedum.",
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e: "**She** saw me",
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sub: "Inflected because 'she' is the subject of a past tense transitive verb.",
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},
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{
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p: "زه له **ده** سره خبرې کوم.",
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f: "zu la **dú** sara khabúre kawúm.",
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e: "I'm talking with **him**.",
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sub: "Inflected because 'he' is in a sandwich.",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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### ⚠️ Inflecting 1st/2nd Person Pronouns ⚠️
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Normally <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/">the object of transitive verbs never inflects</Link>. But **1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) are an exception**. 1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) will inflect if they are the object of a present/future tense verb. The **3rd person pronouns, however, do NOT inflect as objects.**
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The only time you ever inflect an object in Pashto:
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- The object is a 1st or 2nd person pronoun (not 3rd!)
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- The verb is not past tense
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This is tricky for English speakers to remember, because in English we inflect all 1st and 3rd person pronouns when they are objects. For example, we say "he sees **me**," and "I see **him**." _In Pashto we have to say "he sees **me**" and "I see **he**."_
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#### When do you inflect an object in Pashto?
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<Table
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opts={opts}
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headRow={["", "object is a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun", "object is anything else"]}
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>
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{[
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["verb is past tense", "❌", "❌"],
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["verb is not past tense", "✅", "❌"],
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]}
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</Table>
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "زه **تا** وینم.",
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f: "zu **taa** wéenum.",
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e: "I see **you**. (obj.)",
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sub: "Inflected 2nd pers. pronoun",
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},
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{
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p: "ما **ته** ولیدلې.",
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f: "maa **tu** óoleedule.",
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e: "I saw **you**. (obj.)",
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sub: "Object is **not** inflected, because this is past tense",
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},
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{
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p: "ته **ما** وینې.",
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f: "tu **maa** wéene.",
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e: "You see **me**. (obj.)",
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sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun",
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},
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{
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p: "زه **هغه** وینم.",
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f: "zu **haghá** wéenum.",
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e: "I see **her**. (obj.)",
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sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected",
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},
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{
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p: "❌ زه **هغې** وینم.",
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f: "❌ zu **haghé** wéenum.",
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e: "I see **her**. (obj.)",
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sub: "3rd pers. pronoun should **not** inflect here",
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},
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{
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p: "**ما** مه وهه!",
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f: "**maa** mú wahá!",
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e: "Don't hit **me**! (obj.)",
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sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun",
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},
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{
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p: "**دی** مه وهه!",
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f: "**day** mú wahá!",
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e: "Don't hit **him**! (obj.)",
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sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
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---
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title: Indefinite Pronouns
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---
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import {
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Examples,
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InlinePs,
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defaultTextOptions as opts,
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} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
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import Link from "../../components/Link";
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import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
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import Table from "../../components/Table";
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import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
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Words like **who**, **what**, **someone**, **no-one**, **something**, **nothing** are [indefinite prounouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun). In Pashto these are all based off of two main words.
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- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څه", f: "tsu" }} /> (something / what)
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- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> (someone / who)
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<Table
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opts={opts}
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headRow={[
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<div></div>,
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<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
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<div className="mr-2">
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<InlineInflectionButton />
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</div>
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<div className="align-self-center">Plain</div>
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</div>,
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<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
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<div className="mr-2">
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<InlineInflectionButton inflection={1} />
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</div>
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<div className="align-self-center">Inflected</div>
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</div>,
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]}
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>
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{[
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[
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<div>
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<div>What / something</div>
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<div className="text-muted">Sing. or Plural</div>
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</div>,
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{ p: "څه", f: "tsu" },
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{ p: "څه", f: "tsu" },
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],
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[
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<div>
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<div>Who / someone</div>
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<div className="text-muted">Sing. or Plural</div>
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</div>,
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{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" },
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{ p: "چا", f: "chaa" },
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],
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]}
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</Table>
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## What/something: څه - tsu
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The word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څه", f: "tsu", e: "what" }} /> is used to talk about an unspecified thing or things. It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "what?" or in a statement meaning "something."
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "ته **څه** کوې؟",
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f: "tu **tsu** kawé?",
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e: "**What** are you doing",
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},
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{
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p: "څه وخرو؟",
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f: "**tsu** óokhroo?",
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e: "**What** should we eat?",
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},
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{
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p: "هغه په کور کې **څه** کوي",
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f: "haghá pu kor ke **tsu** kawée",
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e: "He's doing **something** at home",
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},
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{
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p: "هتله به **څه** وخرو",
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f: "halta ba **tsu** óokhroo",
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e: "We'll eat **something** over there",
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},
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{
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p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي",
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f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee",
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e: "Something is shining in the sky.",
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},
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{
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p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي؟",
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f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee?",
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e: "What is shining in the sky?",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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## Who/someone: څوک - tsok
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The word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok", e: "who" }} /> is used to talk about an unspecified person or people (or animals). It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "who?" or in a statement meaning "someone."
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "ته **څوک** یې؟",
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f: "tu **tsok** ye?",
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e: "Who are you?",
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},
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{
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p: "څوک خبرې کوي؟",
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f: "**tsok** khabúre kawée?",
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e: "**Who** is speaking?",
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},
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{
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p: "څوک راځي؟",
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f: "**tsok** raadzée?",
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e: "**Who** is coming?",
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},
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{
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p: "**څوک** راځي.",
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f: "**tsok** raadzée.",
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e: "**Someone** is coming.",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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### Inflecting څوک - tsok
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When we need to inflect <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> it changes to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "چا", f: "chaa"}} />. The word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> can be singular or plural, so it will not inflect for being plural. But it will inflect for the other two reasons:
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- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb
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- being in a sandwich
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "**چا** زه ووهلم؟",
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f: "**chaa** zu óowahulum?",
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e: "**Who** hit me?",
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sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
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},
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{
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p: "دا وریژې چا وخوړلې؟",
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f: "daa wrijze **chaa** óokhoRule?",
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e: "**Who** ate that rice?",
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sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
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},
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{
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p: "**چا** به ته لیدلی یې.",
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f: "**chaa** ba tu leedúlay ye.",
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e: "**Someone** will have seen you.",
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sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
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},
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{
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p: "ته له **چا** سره خبرې کوې؟",
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f: "tu la **chaa** sara khabúre kawé?",
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e: "**Who** are you talking with?",
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sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich",
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},
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{
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p: "زه به دا کتاب **چا** ته ورکړم.",
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f: "zu ba daa kitáab **chaa** ta wárkRum.",
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e: "I will give this book to **someone**.",
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sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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It's important to remember that <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> **does not inflect as an object** for the present/future tense. It is essentially a third-person pronoun, so it <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-basic/#%EF%B8%8F-inflecting-1st2nd-person-pronouns-%EF%B8%8F">does not inflect like 1st and 2nd person pronouns do</Link>.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "زه **تا** وینم.",
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f: "zu **taa** wéenum.",
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e: "I see **you**.",
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sub: "Inflected because it's a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun used as an object for the present/future tense.",
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},
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{
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p: "زه **څوک** وینم.",
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f: "zu **tsok** wéenum.",
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e: "I see **someone**.",
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sub: "Does **NOT** inflect because it's not a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun.",
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},
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{
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p: "❌ زه **چا** وینم.",
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f: "❌ zu **cháa** wéenum.",
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e: "I see **someone**.",
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sub: "This is incorrect. The pronoun should not be inflected.",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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## Other Indefinite Pronouns
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Coming soon... 🚧
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