- {isObject(cell)
+ {isObject(cell) && "p" in cell && "f" in cell
? {[cell]}
: (!cell)
? ""
diff --git a/src/content/index.ts b/src/content/index.ts
index 0ced6c9..714642e 100644
--- a/src/content/index.ts
+++ b/src/content/index.ts
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ import * as introToParticiples from "./participles/intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
+import * as pronounsIndefinite from "./pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx";
+// @ts-ignore
import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
@@ -248,6 +250,10 @@ export const contentTree: (ChapterSection | ChaptersSection)[] =
"import": pronounsBasic,
"slug": "pronouns-basic"
},
+ {
+ "import": pronounsIndefinite,
+ "slug": "pronouns-indefinate"
+ },
{
"import": pronounsMini,
"slug": "pronouns-mini"
diff --git a/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx b/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx
index c914e04..16a9cb2 100644
--- a/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx
+++ b/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ export function ServantIcon() {
Note: This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in
small parts if you need to, but it's super important to understand if
- you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto (This will help you understand
- past tense etc.)
+ you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto. This will help you understand
+ past tense etc.
diff --git a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx
index 8a6295a..75ab873 100644
--- a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx
+++ b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx
@@ -3,12 +3,17 @@ title: Pronouns
---
import {
- defaultTextOptions,
+ defaultTextOptions as opts,
grammarUnits,
VerbTable,
ButtonSelect,
+ Examples,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
+import Table from "../../components/Table";
+import Link from "../../components/Link";
+import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import { useState } from "react";
+import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain");
@@ -35,8 +40,28 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
+ ),
+ value: "inflected",
+ },
]}
value={choice}
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
@@ -44,7 +69,7 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
@@ -64,3 +89,97 @@ These pronouns are used to reference people or things that are close (either phy
Notice that only the third person pronouns are different from the far pronouns.
+
+## Inflecting Pronouns
+
+Since there are singular and plural versions of pronouns, pronouns will not inflect for being plural. But the singular pronouns will inflect for the other two reasons:
+
+- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb
+- being in a sandwich
+
+
+ {psmd([
+ {
+ p: "**هغې** زه ولیدم.",
+ f: "**haghé** zu óoleedum.",
+ e: "**She** saw me",
+ sub: "Inflected because 'she' is the subject of a past tense transitive verb.",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "زه له **ده** سره خبرې کوم.",
+ f: "zu la **dú** sara khabúre kawúm.",
+ e: "I'm talking with **him**.",
+ sub: "Inflected because 'he' is in a sandwich.",
+ },
+ ])}
+
+
+### ⚠️ Inflecting 1st/2nd Person Pronouns ⚠️
+
+Normally the object of transitive verbs never inflects. But **1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) are an exception**. 1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) will inflect if they are the object of a present/future tense verb. The **3rd person pronouns, however, do NOT inflect as objects.**
+
+The only time you ever inflect an object in Pashto:
+
+- The object is a 1st or 2nd person pronoun (not 3rd!)
+- The verb is not past tense
+
+This is tricky for English speakers to remember, because in English we inflect all 1st and 3rd person pronouns when they are objects. For example, we say "he sees **me**," and "I see **him**." _In Pashto we have to say "he sees **me**" and "I see **he**."_
+
+#### When do you inflect an object in Pashto?
+
+
+ {[
+ ["verb is past tense", "❌", "❌"],
+ ["verb is not past tense", "✅", "❌"],
+ ]}
+
+
+
+ {psmd([
+ {
+ p: "زه **تا** وینم.",
+ f: "zu **taa** wéenum.",
+ e: "I see **you**. (obj.)",
+ sub: "Inflected 2nd pers. pronoun",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "ما **ته** ولیدلې.",
+ f: "maa **tu** óoleedule.",
+ e: "I saw **you**. (obj.)",
+ sub: "Object is **not** inflected, because this is past tense",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "ته **ما** وینې.",
+ f: "tu **maa** wéene.",
+ e: "You see **me**. (obj.)",
+ sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "زه **هغه** وینم.",
+ f: "zu **haghá** wéenum.",
+ e: "I see **her**. (obj.)",
+ sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "❌ زه **هغې** وینم.",
+ f: "❌ zu **haghé** wéenum.",
+ e: "I see **her**. (obj.)",
+ sub: "3rd pers. pronoun should **not** inflect here",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "**ما** مه وهه!",
+ f: "**maa** mú wahá!",
+ e: "Don't hit **me**! (obj.)",
+ sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "**دی** مه وهه!",
+ f: "**day** mú wahá!",
+ e: "Don't hit **him**! (obj.)",
+ sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected",
+ },
+ ])}
+
diff --git a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd6a55f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+---
+title: Indefinite Pronouns
+---
+
+import {
+ Examples,
+ InlinePs,
+ defaultTextOptions as opts,
+} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
+import Link from "../../components/Link";
+import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
+import Table from "../../components/Table";
+import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
+
+Words like **who**, **what**, **someone**, **no-one**, **something**, **nothing** are [indefinite prounouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun). In Pashto these are all based off of two main words.
+
+- (something / what)
+- (someone / who)
+
+
+
+## What/something: څه - tsu
+
+The word is used to talk about an unspecified thing or things. It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "what?" or in a statement meaning "something."
+
+
+ {psmd([
+ {
+ p: "ته **څه** کوې؟",
+ f: "tu **tsu** kawé?",
+ e: "**What** are you doing",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "څه وخرو؟",
+ f: "**tsu** óokhroo?",
+ e: "**What** should we eat?",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "هغه په کور کې **څه** کوي",
+ f: "haghá pu kor ke **tsu** kawée",
+ e: "He's doing **something** at home",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "هتله به **څه** وخرو",
+ f: "halta ba **tsu** óokhroo",
+ e: "We'll eat **something** over there",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي",
+ f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee",
+ e: "Something is shining in the sky.",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي؟",
+ f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee?",
+ e: "What is shining in the sky?",
+ },
+ ])}
+
+
+## Who/someone: څوک - tsok
+
+The word is used to talk about an unspecified person or people (or animals). It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "who?" or in a statement meaning "someone."
+
+
+ {psmd([
+ {
+ p: "ته **څوک** یې؟",
+ f: "tu **tsok** ye?",
+ e: "Who are you?",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "څوک خبرې کوي؟",
+ f: "**tsok** khabúre kawée?",
+ e: "**Who** is speaking?",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "څوک راځي؟",
+ f: "**tsok** raadzée?",
+ e: "**Who** is coming?",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "**څوک** راځي.",
+ f: "**tsok** raadzée.",
+ e: "**Someone** is coming.",
+ },
+ ])}
+
+
+### Inflecting څوک - tsok
+
+When we need to inflect it changes to . The word can be singular or plural, so it will not inflect for being plural. But it will inflect for the other two reasons:
+
+- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb
+- being in a sandwich
+
+
+ {psmd([
+ {
+ p: "**چا** زه ووهلم؟",
+ f: "**chaa** zu óowahulum?",
+ e: "**Who** hit me?",
+ sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "دا وریژې چا وخوړلې؟",
+ f: "daa wrijze **chaa** óokhoRule?",
+ e: "**Who** ate that rice?",
+ sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "**چا** به ته لیدلی یې.",
+ f: "**chaa** ba tu leedúlay ye.",
+ e: "**Someone** will have seen you.",
+ sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "ته له **چا** سره خبرې کوې؟",
+ f: "tu la **chaa** sara khabúre kawé?",
+ e: "**Who** are you talking with?",
+ sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "زه به دا کتاب **چا** ته ورکړم.",
+ f: "zu ba daa kitáab **chaa** ta wárkRum.",
+ e: "I will give this book to **someone**.",
+ sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich",
+ },
+ ])}
+
+
+It's important to remember that **does not inflect as an object** for the present/future tense. It is essentially a third-person pronoun, so it does not inflect like 1st and 2nd person pronouns do.
+
+
+ {psmd([
+ {
+ p: "زه **تا** وینم.",
+ f: "zu **taa** wéenum.",
+ e: "I see **you**.",
+ sub: "Inflected because it's a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun used as an object for the present/future tense.",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "زه **څوک** وینم.",
+ f: "zu **tsok** wéenum.",
+ e: "I see **someone**.",
+ sub: "Does **NOT** inflect because it's not a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun.",
+ },
+ {
+ p: "❌ زه **چا** وینم.",
+ f: "❌ zu **cháa** wéenum.",
+ e: "I see **someone**.",
+ sub: "This is incorrect. The pronoun should not be inflected.",
+ },
+ ])}
+
+
+## Other Indefinite Pronouns
+
+Coming soon... 🚧