From 6e9d5fb5723126c62c0e2fe9ed6ca9afacf96114 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: adueck Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2025 17:21:39 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] more pronoun stuff --- src/components/Table.jsx | 2 +- src/content/index.ts | 6 + src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx | 4 +- src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx | 127 +++++++++++- src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx | 195 +++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 327 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx diff --git a/src/components/Table.jsx b/src/components/Table.jsx index 20c394b..2a73353 100644 --- a/src/components/Table.jsx +++ b/src/components/Table.jsx @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ function Table({ headRow, children, opts, wide }) { {row.map((cell, j) => ( - {isObject(cell) + {isObject(cell) && "p" in cell && "f" in cell ? {[cell]} : (!cell) ? "" diff --git a/src/content/index.ts b/src/content/index.ts index 0ced6c9..714642e 100644 --- a/src/content/index.ts +++ b/src/content/index.ts @@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ import * as introToParticiples from "./participles/intro.mdx"; // @ts-ignore import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx"; // @ts-ignore +import * as pronounsIndefinite from "./pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx"; +// @ts-ignore import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx"; // @ts-ignore import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx"; @@ -248,6 +250,10 @@ export const contentTree: (ChapterSection | ChaptersSection)[] = "import": pronounsBasic, "slug": "pronouns-basic" }, + { + "import": pronounsIndefinite, + "slug": "pronouns-indefinate" + }, { "import": pronounsMini, "slug": "pronouns-mini" diff --git a/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx b/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx index c914e04..16a9cb2 100644 --- a/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx +++ b/src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx @@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ export function ServantIcon() {
Note: This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in small parts if you need to, but it's super important to understand if - you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto (This will help you understand - past tense etc.) + you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto. This will help you understand + past tense etc.
diff --git a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx index 8a6295a..75ab873 100644 --- a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx +++ b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx @@ -3,12 +3,17 @@ title: Pronouns --- import { - defaultTextOptions, + defaultTextOptions as opts, grammarUnits, VerbTable, ButtonSelect, + Examples, } from "@lingdocs/ps-react"; +import Table from "../../components/Table"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; import { useState } from "react"; +import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton"; export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) { const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain"); @@ -35,8 +40,28 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
+
+ +
+
Plain
+
+ ), + value: "plain", + }, + { + label: ( +
+
+ +
+
Inflected
+
+ ), + value: "inflected", + }, ]} value={choice} handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)} @@ -44,7 +69,7 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) { @@ -64,3 +89,97 @@ These pronouns are used to reference people or things that are close (either phy Notice that only the third person pronouns are different from the far pronouns. + +## Inflecting Pronouns + +Since there are singular and plural versions of pronouns, pronouns will not inflect for being plural. But the singular pronouns will inflect for the other two reasons: + +- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb +- being in a sandwich + + + {psmd([ + { + p: "**هغې** زه ولیدم.", + f: "**haghé** zu óoleedum.", + e: "**She** saw me", + sub: "Inflected because 'she' is the subject of a past tense transitive verb.", + }, + { + p: "زه له **ده** سره خبرې کوم.", + f: "zu la **dú** sara khabúre kawúm.", + e: "I'm talking with **him**.", + sub: "Inflected because 'he' is in a sandwich.", + }, + ])} + + +### ⚠️ Inflecting 1st/2nd Person Pronouns ⚠️ + +Normally the object of transitive verbs never inflects. But **1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) are an exception**. 1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) will inflect if they are the object of a present/future tense verb. The **3rd person pronouns, however, do NOT inflect as objects.** + +The only time you ever inflect an object in Pashto: + +- The object is a 1st or 2nd person pronoun (not 3rd!) +- The verb is not past tense + +This is tricky for English speakers to remember, because in English we inflect all 1st and 3rd person pronouns when they are objects. For example, we say "he sees **me**," and "I see **him**." _In Pashto we have to say "he sees **me**" and "I see **he**."_ + +#### When do you inflect an object in Pashto? + + + {[ + ["verb is past tense", "❌", "❌"], + ["verb is not past tense", "✅", "❌"], + ]} +
+ + + {psmd([ + { + p: "زه **تا** وینم.", + f: "zu **taa** wéenum.", + e: "I see **you**. (obj.)", + sub: "Inflected 2nd pers. pronoun", + }, + { + p: "ما **ته** ولیدلې.", + f: "maa **tu** óoleedule.", + e: "I saw **you**. (obj.)", + sub: "Object is **not** inflected, because this is past tense", + }, + { + p: "ته **ما** وینې.", + f: "tu **maa** wéene.", + e: "You see **me**. (obj.)", + sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun", + }, + { + p: "زه **هغه** وینم.", + f: "zu **haghá** wéenum.", + e: "I see **her**. (obj.)", + sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected", + }, + { + p: "❌ زه **هغې** وینم.", + f: "❌ zu **haghé** wéenum.", + e: "I see **her**. (obj.)", + sub: "3rd pers. pronoun should **not** inflect here", + }, + { + p: "**ما** مه وهه!", + f: "**maa** mú wahá!", + e: "Don't hit **me**! (obj.)", + sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun", + }, + { + p: "**دی** مه وهه!", + f: "**day** mú wahá!", + e: "Don't hit **him**! (obj.)", + sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected", + }, + ])} + diff --git a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd6a55f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +--- +title: Indefinite Pronouns +--- + +import { + Examples, + InlinePs, + defaultTextOptions as opts, +} from "@lingdocs/ps-react"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Table from "../../components/Table"; +import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton"; + +Words like **who**, **what**, **someone**, **no-one**, **something**, **nothing** are [indefinite prounouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun). In Pashto these are all based off of two main words. + +- (something / what) +- (someone / who) + +, +
+
+ +
+
Plain
+
, +
+
+ +
+
Inflected
+
, + ]} +> + {[ + [ +
+
What / something
+
Sing. or Plural
+
, + { p: "څه", f: "tsu" }, + { p: "څه", f: "tsu" }, + ], + [ +
+
Who / someone
+
Sing. or Plural
+
, + { p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }, + { p: "چا", f: "chaa" }, + ], + ]} +
+ +## What/something: څه - tsu + +The word is used to talk about an unspecified thing or things. It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "what?" or in a statement meaning "something." + + + {psmd([ + { + p: "ته **څه** کوې؟", + f: "tu **tsu** kawé?", + e: "**What** are you doing", + }, + { + p: "څه وخرو؟", + f: "**tsu** óokhroo?", + e: "**What** should we eat?", + }, + { + p: "هغه په کور کې **څه** کوي", + f: "haghá pu kor ke **tsu** kawée", + e: "He's doing **something** at home", + }, + { + p: "هتله به **څه** وخرو", + f: "halta ba **tsu** óokhroo", + e: "We'll eat **something** over there", + }, + { + p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي", + f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee", + e: "Something is shining in the sky.", + }, + { + p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي؟", + f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee?", + e: "What is shining in the sky?", + }, + ])} + + +## Who/someone: څوک - tsok + +The word is used to talk about an unspecified person or people (or animals). It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "who?" or in a statement meaning "someone." + + + {psmd([ + { + p: "ته **څوک** یې؟", + f: "tu **tsok** ye?", + e: "Who are you?", + }, + { + p: "څوک خبرې کوي؟", + f: "**tsok** khabúre kawée?", + e: "**Who** is speaking?", + }, + { + p: "څوک راځي؟", + f: "**tsok** raadzée?", + e: "**Who** is coming?", + }, + { + p: "**څوک** راځي.", + f: "**tsok** raadzée.", + e: "**Someone** is coming.", + }, + ])} + + +### Inflecting څوک - tsok + +When we need to inflect it changes to . The word can be singular or plural, so it will not inflect for being plural. But it will inflect for the other two reasons: + +- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb +- being in a sandwich + + + {psmd([ + { + p: "**چا** زه ووهلم؟", + f: "**chaa** zu óowahulum?", + e: "**Who** hit me?", + sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb", + }, + { + p: "دا وریژې چا وخوړلې؟", + f: "daa wrijze **chaa** óokhoRule?", + e: "**Who** ate that rice?", + sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb", + }, + { + p: "**چا** به ته لیدلی یې.", + f: "**chaa** ba tu leedúlay ye.", + e: "**Someone** will have seen you.", + sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb", + }, + { + p: "ته له **چا** سره خبرې کوې؟", + f: "tu la **chaa** sara khabúre kawé?", + e: "**Who** are you talking with?", + sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich", + }, + { + p: "زه به دا کتاب **چا** ته ورکړم.", + f: "zu ba daa kitáab **chaa** ta wárkRum.", + e: "I will give this book to **someone**.", + sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich", + }, + ])} + + +It's important to remember that **does not inflect as an object** for the present/future tense. It is essentially a third-person pronoun, so it does not inflect like 1st and 2nd person pronouns do. + + + {psmd([ + { + p: "زه **تا** وینم.", + f: "zu **taa** wéenum.", + e: "I see **you**.", + sub: "Inflected because it's a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun used as an object for the present/future tense.", + }, + { + p: "زه **څوک** وینم.", + f: "zu **tsok** wéenum.", + e: "I see **someone**.", + sub: "Does **NOT** inflect because it's not a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun.", + }, + { + p: "❌ زه **چا** وینم.", + f: "❌ zu **cháa** wéenum.", + e: "I see **someone**.", + sub: "This is incorrect. The pronoun should not be inflected.", + }, + ])} + + +## Other Indefinite Pronouns + +Coming soon... 🚧