more pronoun stuff
This commit is contained in:
parent
a0e0e7ed71
commit
6e9d5fb572
|
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ function Table({ headRow, children, opts, wide }) {
|
||||||
<tr key={`row ${i}`}>
|
<tr key={`row ${i}`}>
|
||||||
{row.map((cell, j) => (
|
{row.map((cell, j) => (
|
||||||
<td key={`row ${i}, cell ${j}`} style={(cell && cell.gender) ? { backgroundColor: cell.gender === "m" ? mascColor : femColor } : {}}>
|
<td key={`row ${i}, cell ${j}`} style={(cell && cell.gender) ? { backgroundColor: cell.gender === "m" ? mascColor : femColor } : {}}>
|
||||||
{isObject(cell)
|
{isObject(cell) && "p" in cell && "f" in cell
|
||||||
? <Examples opts={opts}>{[cell]}</Examples>
|
? <Examples opts={opts}>{[cell]}</Examples>
|
||||||
: (!cell)
|
: (!cell)
|
||||||
? ""
|
? ""
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ import * as introToParticiples from "./participles/intro.mdx";
|
||||||
// @ts-ignore
|
// @ts-ignore
|
||||||
import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
|
import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
|
||||||
// @ts-ignore
|
// @ts-ignore
|
||||||
|
import * as pronounsIndefinite from "./pronouns/pronouns-indefinite.mdx";
|
||||||
|
// @ts-ignore
|
||||||
import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
|
import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
|
||||||
// @ts-ignore
|
// @ts-ignore
|
||||||
import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
|
import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
|
||||||
|
@ -248,6 +250,10 @@ export const contentTree: (ChapterSection | ChaptersSection)[] =
|
||||||
"import": pronounsBasic,
|
"import": pronounsBasic,
|
||||||
"slug": "pronouns-basic"
|
"slug": "pronouns-basic"
|
||||||
},
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"import": pronounsIndefinite,
|
||||||
|
"slug": "pronouns-indefinate"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
"import": pronounsMini,
|
"import": pronounsMini,
|
||||||
"slug": "pronouns-mini"
|
"slug": "pronouns-mini"
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ export function ServantIcon() {
|
||||||
<div className="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
|
<div className="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
|
||||||
<strong>Note:</strong> This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in
|
<strong>Note:</strong> This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in
|
||||||
small parts if you need to, but it's <em>super important</em> to understand if
|
small parts if you need to, but it's <em>super important</em> to understand if
|
||||||
you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto (This will help you understand
|
you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto. This will help you understand
|
||||||
past tense etc.)
|
past tense etc.
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cwJe_iPiSw&t=2s&ab_channel=LingDocs" />
|
<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cwJe_iPiSw&t=2s&ab_channel=LingDocs" />
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -3,12 +3,17 @@ title: Pronouns
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
import {
|
import {
|
||||||
defaultTextOptions,
|
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||||
grammarUnits,
|
grammarUnits,
|
||||||
VerbTable,
|
VerbTable,
|
||||||
ButtonSelect,
|
ButtonSelect,
|
||||||
|
Examples,
|
||||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||||
|
import Table from "../../components/Table";
|
||||||
|
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||||
|
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||||
import { useState } from "react";
|
import { useState } from "react";
|
||||||
|
import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
|
export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
|
||||||
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain");
|
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain");
|
||||||
|
@ -35,8 +40,28 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
|
||||||
<div className="text-center my-3">
|
<div className="text-center my-3">
|
||||||
<ButtonSelect
|
<ButtonSelect
|
||||||
options={[
|
options={[
|
||||||
{ label: "Plain", value: "plain" },
|
{
|
||||||
{ label: "Inflected", value: "inflected" },
|
label: (
|
||||||
|
<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
|
||||||
|
<div className="mr-2">
|
||||||
|
<InlineInflectionButton />
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<div className="align-self-center">Plain</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
value: "plain",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
label: (
|
||||||
|
<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
|
||||||
|
<div className="mr-2">
|
||||||
|
<InlineInflectionButton inflection={1} />
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<div className="align-self-center">Inflected</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
value: "inflected",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
]}
|
]}
|
||||||
value={choice}
|
value={choice}
|
||||||
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
|
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
|
||||||
|
@ -44,7 +69,7 @@ export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
<VerbTable
|
<VerbTable
|
||||||
block={pronouns[choice]}
|
block={pronouns[choice]}
|
||||||
textOptions={defaultTextOptions}
|
textOptions={opts}
|
||||||
english={english[choice]}
|
english={english[choice]}
|
||||||
/>
|
/>
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
@ -64,3 +89,97 @@ These pronouns are used to reference people or things that are close (either phy
|
||||||
Notice that only the third person pronouns are different from the far pronouns.
|
Notice that only the third person pronouns are different from the far pronouns.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<PronounInflectionChoice pronouns={grammarUnits.pronouns.near} />
|
<PronounInflectionChoice pronouns={grammarUnits.pronouns.near} />
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Inflecting Pronouns
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Since there are singular and plural versions of pronouns, pronouns will not inflect for being plural. But the singular pronouns will inflect for the other two reasons:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb
|
||||||
|
- being in a sandwich
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||||
|
{psmd([
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "**هغې** زه ولیدم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "**haghé** zu óoleedum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "**She** saw me",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because 'she' is the subject of a past tense transitive verb.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "زه له **ده** سره خبرې کوم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "zu la **dú** sara khabúre kawúm.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I'm talking with **him**.",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because 'he' is in a sandwich.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
])}
|
||||||
|
</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### ⚠️ Inflecting 1st/2nd Person Pronouns ⚠️
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Normally <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/">the object of transitive verbs never inflects</Link>. But **1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) are an exception**. 1st and 2nd person pronouns (I, you) will inflect if they are the object of a present/future tense verb. The **3rd person pronouns, however, do NOT inflect as objects.**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The only time you ever inflect an object in Pashto:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- The object is a 1st or 2nd person pronoun (not 3rd!)
|
||||||
|
- The verb is not past tense
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This is tricky for English speakers to remember, because in English we inflect all 1st and 3rd person pronouns when they are objects. For example, we say "he sees **me**," and "I see **him**." _In Pashto we have to say "he sees **me**" and "I see **he**."_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### When do you inflect an object in Pashto?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Table
|
||||||
|
opts={opts}
|
||||||
|
headRow={["", "object is a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun", "object is anything else"]}
|
||||||
|
>
|
||||||
|
{[
|
||||||
|
["verb is past tense", "❌", "❌"],
|
||||||
|
["verb is not past tense", "✅", "❌"],
|
||||||
|
]}
|
||||||
|
</Table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||||
|
{psmd([
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "زه **تا** وینم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "zu **taa** wéenum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I see **you**. (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected 2nd pers. pronoun",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ما **ته** ولیدلې.",
|
||||||
|
f: "maa **tu** óoleedule.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I saw **you**. (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Object is **not** inflected, because this is past tense",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ته **ما** وینې.",
|
||||||
|
f: "tu **maa** wéene.",
|
||||||
|
e: "You see **me**. (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "زه **هغه** وینم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "zu **haghá** wéenum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I see **her**. (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "❌ زه **هغې** وینم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "❌ zu **haghé** wéenum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I see **her**. (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "3rd pers. pronoun should **not** inflect here",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "**ما** مه وهه!",
|
||||||
|
f: "**maa** mú wahá!",
|
||||||
|
e: "Don't hit **me**! (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected 1st pers. pronoun",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "**دی** مه وهه!",
|
||||||
|
f: "**day** mú wahá!",
|
||||||
|
e: "Don't hit **him**! (obj.)",
|
||||||
|
sub: "3rd pers. pronoun is **not** inflected",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
])}
|
||||||
|
</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
title: Indefinite Pronouns
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
import {
|
||||||
|
Examples,
|
||||||
|
InlinePs,
|
||||||
|
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||||
|
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||||
|
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||||
|
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||||
|
import Table from "../../components/Table";
|
||||||
|
import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Words like **who**, **what**, **someone**, **no-one**, **something**, **nothing** are [indefinite prounouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun). In Pashto these are all based off of two main words.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څه", f: "tsu" }} /> (something / what)
|
||||||
|
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> (someone / who)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Table
|
||||||
|
opts={opts}
|
||||||
|
headRow={[
|
||||||
|
<div></div>,
|
||||||
|
<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
|
||||||
|
<div className="mr-2">
|
||||||
|
<InlineInflectionButton />
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<div className="align-self-center">Plain</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>,
|
||||||
|
<div className="d-flex flex-row flex-align-items-center">
|
||||||
|
<div className="mr-2">
|
||||||
|
<InlineInflectionButton inflection={1} />
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<div className="align-self-center">Inflected</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>,
|
||||||
|
]}
|
||||||
|
>
|
||||||
|
{[
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
<div>
|
||||||
|
<div>What / something</div>
|
||||||
|
<div className="text-muted">Sing. or Plural</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>,
|
||||||
|
{ p: "څه", f: "tsu" },
|
||||||
|
{ p: "څه", f: "tsu" },
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
<div>
|
||||||
|
<div>Who / someone</div>
|
||||||
|
<div className="text-muted">Sing. or Plural</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>,
|
||||||
|
{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" },
|
||||||
|
{ p: "چا", f: "chaa" },
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
]}
|
||||||
|
</Table>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## What/something: څه - tsu
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څه", f: "tsu", e: "what" }} /> is used to talk about an unspecified thing or things. It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "what?" or in a statement meaning "something."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||||
|
{psmd([
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ته **څه** کوې؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "tu **tsu** kawé?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**What** are you doing",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "څه وخرو؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "**tsu** óokhroo?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**What** should we eat?",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "هغه په کور کې **څه** کوي",
|
||||||
|
f: "haghá pu kor ke **tsu** kawée",
|
||||||
|
e: "He's doing **something** at home",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "هتله به **څه** وخرو",
|
||||||
|
f: "halta ba **tsu** óokhroo",
|
||||||
|
e: "We'll eat **something** over there",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي",
|
||||||
|
f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee",
|
||||||
|
e: "Something is shining in the sky.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "په اسمان کې **څه** ځلېږي؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "pu asmaan ke **tsu** dzaléGee?",
|
||||||
|
e: "What is shining in the sky?",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
])}
|
||||||
|
</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Who/someone: څوک - tsok
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok", e: "who" }} /> is used to talk about an unspecified person or people (or animals). It can either be used in a _question_, meaning "who?" or in a statement meaning "someone."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||||
|
{psmd([
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ته **څوک** یې؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "tu **tsok** ye?",
|
||||||
|
e: "Who are you?",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "څوک خبرې کوي؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "**tsok** khabúre kawée?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Who** is speaking?",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "څوک راځي؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "**tsok** raadzée?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Who** is coming?",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "**څوک** راځي.",
|
||||||
|
f: "**tsok** raadzée.",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Someone** is coming.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
])}
|
||||||
|
</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Inflecting څوک - tsok
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
When we need to inflect <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> it changes to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "چا", f: "chaa"}} />. The word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> can be singular or plural, so it will not inflect for being plural. But it will inflect for the other two reasons:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- being the subject of a past tense transitive verb
|
||||||
|
- being in a sandwich
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||||
|
{psmd([
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "**چا** زه ووهلم؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "**chaa** zu óowahulum?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Who** hit me?",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "دا وریژې چا وخوړلې؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "daa wrijze **chaa** óokhoRule?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Who** ate that rice?",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "**چا** به ته لیدلی یې.",
|
||||||
|
f: "**chaa** ba tu leedúlay ye.",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Someone** will have seen you.",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because it's the subject of a past tense transitive verb",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ته له **چا** سره خبرې کوې؟",
|
||||||
|
f: "tu la **chaa** sara khabúre kawé?",
|
||||||
|
e: "**Who** are you talking with?",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "زه به دا کتاب **چا** ته ورکړم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "zu ba daa kitáab **chaa** ta wárkRum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I will give this book to **someone**.",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because it's in a sandwich",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
])}
|
||||||
|
</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It's important to remember that <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "څوک", f: "tsok" }} /> **does not inflect as an object** for the present/future tense. It is essentially a third-person pronoun, so it <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-basic/#%EF%B8%8F-inflecting-1st2nd-person-pronouns-%EF%B8%8F">does not inflect like 1st and 2nd person pronouns do</Link>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||||
|
{psmd([
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "زه **تا** وینم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "zu **taa** wéenum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I see **you**.",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Inflected because it's a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun used as an object for the present/future tense.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "زه **څوک** وینم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "zu **tsok** wéenum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I see **someone**.",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Does **NOT** inflect because it's not a 1st/2nd pers. pronoun.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "❌ زه **چا** وینم.",
|
||||||
|
f: "❌ zu **cháa** wéenum.",
|
||||||
|
e: "I see **someone**.",
|
||||||
|
sub: "This is incorrect. The pronoun should not be inflected.",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
])}
|
||||||
|
</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Other Indefinite Pronouns
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Coming soon... 🚧
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue