add section on 3rd pers masc sing past endings

This commit is contained in:
adueck 2023-08-14 21:32:11 +04:00
parent 3492adad75
commit ef5cb26b8c
3 changed files with 202 additions and 8 deletions

View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.6", "@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.6",
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "5.15.4", "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "5.15.4",
"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3", "@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3",
"@lingdocs/ps-react": "^6.0.2", "@lingdocs/ps-react": "^6.0.6",
"@mdx-js/rollup": "^2.2.1", "@mdx-js/rollup": "^2.2.1",
"@stefanprobst/rehype-extract-toc": "^2.2.0", "@stefanprobst/rehype-extract-toc": "^2.2.0",
"@types/mdx": "^2.0.3", "@types/mdx": "^2.0.3",

View File

@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
VerbFormDisplay, VerbFormDisplay,
InlinePs, InlinePs,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react"; } from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import Table from "../../components/Table";
import Link from "../../components/Link"; import Link from "../../components/Link";
export function addTail(form) { export function addTail(form) {
@ -42,10 +43,203 @@ These endings are added on to the ends <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">verb r
textOptions={opts} textOptions={opts}
/> />
### Notes about past verb endings ### 3rd Person Masc. Sing. Past Endings
With all of the verb endings above, you simply attach them to the ends of the roots or stems. But the **third person masculine singural** (he / it) forms of the past tense are a little tricky! You may see alot of surprising and idiosyncratic forms of verbs in the 3rd pers. masc. sing.
Here are a few **rules for 3rd pers masc. singular past endings**, although you will find that there will be a lot of variations around these depending on the dialect.
##### With the _long form of the roots_ (with the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ل", f: "ul" }} /> on the end):
- you can only use the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "o" }} /> ending.
<Table opts={opts}>
{[
[
{ p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" },
{
p: "وتلو",
f: "watúlo",
e: "he was going out",
sub: "imperfective root وتل - watúl",
},
],
[
{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" },
{
p: "ولیدلو",
f: "óoleedulo",
e: "... saw him",
sub: "perfective root ولیدل - óoleedul",
},
],
]}
</Table>
##### With the _short form of the roots_:
- you can use the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "o" }} /> ending
<Table opts={opts}>
{[
[
{ p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" },
{
p: "وتو",
f: "wató",
e: "he was going out",
sub: "imperfective root وتـ - wat-",
},
],
[
{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" },
{
p: "ولیدو",
f: "óoleedo",
e: "... saw him",
sub: "perfective root ولیدـ - óoleed-",
},
],
]}
</Table>
- you can use the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـه", f: "u" }} /> ending, but if the previous vowel was a short 'a', then you need to lengthen it to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ا", f: "aa" }}/>, just like with the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#4-words-with-the-pashtoon-pattern">#4 "Pashtoon"</Link> pattern.
<Table opts={opts}>
{[
[
{ p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" },
{
p: "وتو",
f: "waatú",
e: "he was going out",
sub: "imperfective root وتـ - wat-",
},
],
[
{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" },
{
p: "ولیدو",
f: "óoleedu",
e: "... saw him",
sub: "perfective root ولیدـ - óoleed-",
},
],
[
{ p: "اخیستل", f: "akheestúl", e: "to take" },
{
p: "واخیسته",
f: "wáakheestu",
e: "... took it",
sub: "perfective root واخیستـ - wáakheest-",
},
],
]}
</Table>
- If the short root ends in <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "d" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ت", f: "t" }} />, or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ړ", f: "R" }} />, you can _leave it with no ending at all_. But if the last vowel in the root was a short 'a', you need to lengthen it to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ا", f: "aa" }} />, or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "o" }} />.
<Table opts={opts}>
{[
[
{ p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" },
{
p: "ووت",
f: "wot",
e: "he was going out",
sub: "imperfective root وتـ - wat-",
},
],
[
{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" },
{
p: "ولید",
f: "óoleed",
e: "... saw him",
sub: "perfective root ولیدـ - óoleed-",
},
],
[
{ p: "اخیستل", f: "akheestúl", e: "to take" },
{
p: "واخیست",
f: "wáakheest",
e: "... took it",
sub: "perfective root واخیستـ - wáakheest-",
},
],
]}
</Table>
- there are a bunch of idiosyncratic third person masculine singular forms that you will see for certain common verbs. Here are some examples:
<Table opts={opts}>
{[
[
{ p: "تلل", f: "tlul", e: "to go" },
{ p: "لاړ", f: "laaR", e: "he went", sub: "perfective root لاړـ" },
],
[
{ p: "تلل", f: "tlul", e: "to go" },
{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "he was going", sub: "imperfective root تلـ" },
],
[
{ p: "راتلل", f: "raatlúl", e: "to come" },
{ p: "راغی", f: "ráaghey", e: "he came", sub: "perfective root راغ-" },
],
[
{ p: "راتلل", f: "raatlúl", e: "to come" },
{
p: "راته",
f: "raatú",
e: "he was coming",
sub: "imperfective root راتلـ",
},
],
[
{
p: "کېدل",
f: "kedul",
e: "to become",
},
{
p: "شو",
f: "sho",
e: "he became",
sub: "perfective root: شوـ",
},
],
[
{
p: "کېدل",
f: "kedul",
e: "to happen",
},
{
p: "وشو",
f: "óosho",
e: "it happened",
sub: "perfective root: وشوـ",
},
],
[
{
p: "کېدل",
f: "kedul",
e: "to happen",
},
{
p: "کېده",
f: "kedú (never کېد - ked)",
e: "it would happen",
sub: "perfective root: کېدـ",
},
],
]}
</Table>
### Other notes about past verb endings
- the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـهْ", f: "u" }} /> ending is only used with the <strong>short</strong> forms of the roots. (without the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ل", f: "l", e: "" }} />)
- The **short form of the 3rd pers. masc. sing.** verbs in the past is a bit interesting. The ending is often left off (if it ends in a consanant like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ولید", f: "óoleed", e: "" }} /> or is irregular like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کاوه", f: "kaawú" }} /> from <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul" }} /> or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خوت", f: "khot" }} /> from <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ختل", f: "khatúl" }} />
- The **3rd pers. masc. plur.** form of verbs is the same regardless of whether the short or long roots are used. - The **3rd pers. masc. plur.** form of verbs is the same regardless of whether the short or long roots are used.
- In the **Kandahari dialect** some different endings are used; - In the **Kandahari dialect** some different endings are used;
- 3rd pers. masc. sing.: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـی", f: "ay", e: "" }} /> - 3rd pers. masc. sing.: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـی", f: "ay", e: "" }} />

View File

@ -1377,10 +1377,10 @@
rambda "^6.7.0" rambda "^6.7.0"
react-select "^5.2.2" react-select "^5.2.2"
"@lingdocs/ps-react@^6.0.2": "@lingdocs/ps-react@^6.0.6":
version "6.0.2" version "6.0.6"
resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fps-react/-/ps-react-6.0.2.tgz#712f7620e1aa30d0ec1e1f7d0118be660cb4e01c" resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fps-react/-/ps-react-6.0.6.tgz#9be00aeeb7689ff3ccf6f26fe92a6f171accfc6a"
integrity sha512-QuMOzdY45tXvL18BrykoP9x+NWl6sUQCQp1HRp+Q17jtf7oS55LGryQhZJMhom/A61NMvztYh5hiP+xoivQgUw== integrity sha512-27HkuKg8R3uzFLUkm3HOnl8i3WY5eGRIS8s7DO6YmibYHnwQ/hpA8ijfeXKVED6SMGhn9Y+h2CNWvyaHArxk/g==
dependencies: dependencies:
"@formkit/auto-animate" "^1.0.0-beta.3" "@formkit/auto-animate" "^1.0.0-beta.3"
classnames "^2.2.6" classnames "^2.2.6"