From ef5cb26b8c08406c7d138817530c99a89616cf0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: adueck Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 21:32:11 +0400 Subject: [PATCH] add section on 3rd pers masc sing past endings --- package.json | 2 +- src/content/verbs/verb-endings.mdx | 200 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- yarn.lock | 8 +- 3 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 36fa8c0..a649082 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ "@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.6", "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "5.15.4", "@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3", - "@lingdocs/ps-react": "^6.0.2", + "@lingdocs/ps-react": "^6.0.6", "@mdx-js/rollup": "^2.2.1", "@stefanprobst/rehype-extract-toc": "^2.2.0", "@types/mdx": "^2.0.3", diff --git a/src/content/verbs/verb-endings.mdx b/src/content/verbs/verb-endings.mdx index 44bf13e..059a4b5 100644 --- a/src/content/verbs/verb-endings.mdx +++ b/src/content/verbs/verb-endings.mdx @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { VerbFormDisplay, InlinePs, } from "@lingdocs/ps-react"; +import Table from "../../components/Table"; import Link from "../../components/Link"; export function addTail(form) { @@ -42,10 +43,203 @@ These endings are added on to the ends verb r textOptions={opts} /> -### Notes about past verb endings +### 3rd Person Masc. Sing. Past Endings + +With all of the verb endings above, you simply attach them to the ends of the roots or stems. But the **third person masculine singural** (he / it) forms of the past tense are a little tricky! You may see alot of surprising and idiosyncratic forms of verbs in the 3rd pers. masc. sing. + +Here are a few **rules for 3rd pers masc. singular past endings**, although you will find that there will be a lot of variations around these depending on the dialect. + +##### With the _long form of the roots_ (with the on the end): + +- you can only use the ending. + + + {[ + [ + { p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" }, + { + p: "وتلو", + f: "watúlo", + e: "he was going out", + sub: "imperfective root وتل - watúl", + }, + ], + [ + { p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }, + { + p: "ولیدلو", + f: "óoleedulo", + e: "... saw him", + sub: "perfective root ولیدل - óoleedul", + }, + ], + ]} +
+ +##### With the _short form of the roots_: + +- you can use the ending + + + {[ + [ + { p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" }, + { + p: "وتو", + f: "wató", + e: "he was going out", + sub: "imperfective root وتـ - wat-", + }, + ], + [ + { p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }, + { + p: "ولیدو", + f: "óoleedo", + e: "... saw him", + sub: "perfective root ولیدـ - óoleed-", + }, + ], + ]} +
+ +- you can use the ending, but if the previous vowel was a short 'a', then you need to lengthen it to , just like with the #4 "Pashtoon" pattern. + + + {[ + [ + { p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" }, + { + p: "وتو", + f: "waatú", + e: "he was going out", + sub: "imperfective root وتـ - wat-", + }, + ], + [ + { p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }, + { + p: "ولیدو", + f: "óoleedu", + e: "... saw him", + sub: "perfective root ولیدـ - óoleed-", + }, + ], + [ + { p: "اخیستل", f: "akheestúl", e: "to take" }, + { + p: "واخیسته", + f: "wáakheestu", + e: "... took it", + sub: "perfective root واخیستـ - wáakheest-", + }, + ], + ]} +
+ +- If the short root ends in , , or , you can _leave it with no ending at all_. But if the last vowel in the root was a short 'a', you need to lengthen it to , or . + + + {[ + [ + { p: "وتل", f: "watúl", e: "to go out" }, + { + p: "ووت", + f: "wot", + e: "he was going out", + sub: "imperfective root وتـ - wat-", + }, + ], + [ + { p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }, + { + p: "ولید", + f: "óoleed", + e: "... saw him", + sub: "perfective root ولیدـ - óoleed-", + }, + ], + [ + { p: "اخیستل", f: "akheestúl", e: "to take" }, + { + p: "واخیست", + f: "wáakheest", + e: "... took it", + sub: "perfective root واخیستـ - wáakheest-", + }, + ], + ]} +
+ +- there are a bunch of idiosyncratic third person masculine singular forms that you will see for certain common verbs. Here are some examples: + + + {[ + [ + { p: "تلل", f: "tlul", e: "to go" }, + { p: "لاړ", f: "laaR", e: "he went", sub: "perfective root لاړـ" }, + ], + [ + { p: "تلل", f: "tlul", e: "to go" }, + { p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "he was going", sub: "imperfective root تلـ" }, + ], + [ + { p: "راتلل", f: "raatlúl", e: "to come" }, + { p: "راغی", f: "ráaghey", e: "he came", sub: "perfective root راغ-" }, + ], + [ + { p: "راتلل", f: "raatlúl", e: "to come" }, + { + p: "راته", + f: "raatú", + e: "he was coming", + sub: "imperfective root راتلـ", + }, + ], + [ + { + p: "کېدل", + f: "kedul", + e: "to become", + }, + { + p: "شو", + f: "sho", + e: "he became", + sub: "perfective root: شوـ", + }, + ], + [ + { + p: "کېدل", + f: "kedul", + e: "to happen", + }, + { + p: "وشو", + f: "óosho", + e: "it happened", + sub: "perfective root: وشوـ", + }, + ], + [ + { + p: "کېدل", + f: "kedul", + e: "to happen", + }, + { + p: "کېده", + f: "kedú (never کېد - ked)", + e: "it would happen", + sub: "perfective root: کېدـ", + }, + ], + ]} +
+ +### Other notes about past verb endings -- the ending is only used with the short forms of the roots. (without the ) -- The **short form of the 3rd pers. masc. sing.** verbs in the past is a bit interesting. The ending is often left off (if it ends in a consanant like or is irregular like from or from - The **3rd pers. masc. plur.** form of verbs is the same regardless of whether the short or long roots are used. - In the **Kandahari dialect** some different endings are used; - 3rd pers. masc. sing.: diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock index 61c6783..9cbe159 100644 --- a/yarn.lock +++ b/yarn.lock @@ -1377,10 +1377,10 @@ rambda "^6.7.0" react-select "^5.2.2" -"@lingdocs/ps-react@^6.0.2": - version "6.0.2" - resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fps-react/-/ps-react-6.0.2.tgz#712f7620e1aa30d0ec1e1f7d0118be660cb4e01c" - integrity sha512-QuMOzdY45tXvL18BrykoP9x+NWl6sUQCQp1HRp+Q17jtf7oS55LGryQhZJMhom/A61NMvztYh5hiP+xoivQgUw== +"@lingdocs/ps-react@^6.0.6": + version "6.0.6" + resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fps-react/-/ps-react-6.0.6.tgz#9be00aeeb7689ff3ccf6f26fe92a6f171accfc6a" + integrity sha512-27HkuKg8R3uzFLUkm3HOnl8i3WY5eGRIS8s7DO6YmibYHnwQ/hpA8ijfeXKVED6SMGhn9Y+h2CNWvyaHArxk/g== dependencies: "@formkit/auto-animate" "^1.0.0-beta.3" classnames "^2.2.6"