fix accent on passive roots and stems - unfortunately just for the verb info display for now
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
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"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
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"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4",
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"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4",
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"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.1",
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"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.1",
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"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^3.5.4",
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"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^3.5.6",
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"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4",
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"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4",
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"@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0",
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"@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0",
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"@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10",
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"@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10",
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@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
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InlinePs,
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InlinePs,
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removeFVarients,
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removeFVarients,
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isPastTense,
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isPastTense,
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getPassiveRootsAndStems,
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} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
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} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
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import { isImperativeTense, isPerfectTense } from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector/dist/lib/type-predicates";
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import { isImperativeTense, isPerfectTense } from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector/dist/lib/type-predicates";
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import { useState } from "react";
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import { useState } from "react";
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@ -18,11 +19,14 @@ import { basicVerbs, intransitivePast } from "../content/verbs/basic-present-ver
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import { getLength } from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector/dist/lib/p-text-helpers";
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import { getLength } from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector/dist/lib/p-text-helpers";
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import { isThirdPerson } from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector/dist/lib/phrase-building/vp-tools";
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import { isThirdPerson } from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector/dist/lib/phrase-building/vp-tools";
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function BasicVerbShowCase({ opts, tense }: {
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function BasicVerbShowCase({ opts, tense, passive }: {
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opts: T.TextOptions,
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opts: T.TextOptions,
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tense: T.VerbTense | T.ImperativeTense,
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tense: T.VerbTense | T.ImperativeTense,
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passive?: boolean,
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}) {
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}) {
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const items = isPastTense(tense) ? intransitivePast : basicVerbs;
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const items = isPastTense(tense)
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? intransitivePast
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: (passive ? basicVerbs.filter(v => v.entry.p !== "کول") : basicVerbs);
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return <Carousel stickyTitle items={items} render={(item) => {
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return <Carousel stickyTitle items={items} render={(item) => {
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return {
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return {
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title: <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{
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title: <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{
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@ -30,6 +34,7 @@ function BasicVerbShowCase({ opts, tense }: {
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e: undefined,
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e: undefined,
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}}</InlinePs>,
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}}</InlinePs>,
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body: <BasicVerbChart
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body: <BasicVerbChart
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passive={passive}
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verb={item}
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verb={item}
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opts={opts}
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opts={opts}
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tense={tense}
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tense={tense}
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@ -40,11 +45,13 @@ function BasicVerbShowCase({ opts, tense }: {
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export default BasicVerbShowCase;
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export default BasicVerbShowCase;
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function BasicVerbChart({ verb, opts, tense }: {
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function BasicVerbChart({ verb, opts, tense, passive }: {
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verb: T.VerbEntry,
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verb: T.VerbEntry,
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opts: T.TextOptions,
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opts: T.TextOptions,
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tense: T.VerbTense | T.ImperativeTense | T.PerfectTense,
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tense: T.VerbTense | T.ImperativeTense | T.PerfectTense,
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passive?: boolean,
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}) {
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}) {
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const [voice, setVoice] = useState<"active" | "passive">("active");
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const [negative, setNegative] = useState<boolean>(false);
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const [negative, setNegative] = useState<boolean>(false);
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const [length, setLength] = useState<"short" | "long">("short");
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const [length, setLength] = useState<"short" | "long">("short");
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const c = conjugateVerb(verb.entry, verb.complement);
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const c = conjugateVerb(verb.entry, verb.complement);
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@ -53,17 +60,33 @@ function BasicVerbChart({ verb, opts, tense }: {
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: "grammaticallyTransitive" in c
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: "grammaticallyTransitive" in c
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? c.grammaticallyTransitive
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? c.grammaticallyTransitive
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: c;
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: c;
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const phrasesForTable = makeExamplePhrases(verb, tense, negative, length)
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const phrasesForTable = makeExamplePhrases(verb, tense, negative, length, voice);
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return <div>
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return <div>
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<div>
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<div>
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{getEnglishVerb(verb.entry)}
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{getEnglishVerb(verb.entry)}
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</div>
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</div>
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<RootsAndStems
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<RootsAndStems
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textOptions={opts}
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textOptions={opts}
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info={conjugations.info}
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info={voice === "passive"
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? (getPassiveRootsAndStems(conjugations.info) || /* type safety */ conjugations.info)
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: conjugations.info
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}
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hidePastParticiple={isPerfectTense(tense) ? false : true}
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hidePastParticiple={isPerfectTense(tense) ? false : true}
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highlighted={[tenseToStem(tense)]}
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highlighted={[tenseToStem(tense)]}
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/>
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/>
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{passive && <div className="mt-2">
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<ButtonSelect
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options={[{
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label: "Active",
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value: "active",
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}, {
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label: "Passive",
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value: "passive",
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}]}
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value={voice}
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handleChange={setVoice}
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/>
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</div>}
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<div className="my-3 d-flex flex-row justify-content-center">
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<div className="my-3 d-flex flex-row justify-content-center">
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{isPastTense(tense) && !isPerfectTense(tense) && <div className="mx-2">
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{isPastTense(tense) && !isPerfectTense(tense) && <div className="mx-2">
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<ButtonSelect
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<ButtonSelect
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@ -98,7 +121,13 @@ function BasicVerbChart({ verb, opts, tense }: {
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</div>
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</div>
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}
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}
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function makeExamplePhrases(verb: T.VerbEntry, tense: T.VerbTense | T.ImperativeTense | T.PerfectTense, negative: boolean, length: "short" | "long"): { ps: T.VerbBlock | T.ImperativeBlock, e: T.EnglishBlock } {
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function makeExamplePhrases(
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verb: T.VerbEntry,
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tense: T.VerbTense | T.ImperativeTense | T.PerfectTense,
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negative: boolean,
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length: "short" | "long",
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voice: "active" | "passive",
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): { ps: T.VerbBlock | T.ImperativeBlock, e: T.EnglishBlock } {
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function makeSelection(person: T.Person): T.VPSelectionComplete{
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function makeSelection(person: T.Person): T.VPSelectionComplete{
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return {
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return {
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"blocks": [
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"blocks": [
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@ -106,7 +135,7 @@ function makeExamplePhrases(verb: T.VerbEntry, tense: T.VerbTense | T.Imperative
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{
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{
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key: Math.random(),
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key: Math.random(),
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// @ts-ignore
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// @ts-ignore
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block: verb.entry.c?.includes("intrans.")
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block: (verb.entry.c?.includes("intrans.") || voice === "passive")
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? {"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}
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? {"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}
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: {"type":"objectSelection", "selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10011,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},
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: {"type":"objectSelection", "selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10011,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},
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},
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},
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@ -117,7 +146,7 @@ function makeExamplePhrases(verb: T.VerbEntry, tense: T.VerbTense | T.Imperative
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tense,
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tense,
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"transitivity":"intransitive",
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"transitivity":"intransitive",
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"isCompound":false,
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"isCompound":false,
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"voice":"active",
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voice,
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negative,
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negative,
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"canChangeTransitivity":false,
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"canChangeTransitivity":false,
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"canChangeVoice":false,
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"canChangeVoice":false,
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@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ export const basicVerbs: T.VerbEntry[] = [
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{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"},
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{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"},
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{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"},
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{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"},
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{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"},
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{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"},
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{"ts":1527815216,"i":6630,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
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].map(entry => ({ entry }));
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].map(entry => ({ entry }));
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// @ts-ignore
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// @ts-ignore
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@ -21,5 +20,6 @@ export const intransitivePast: T.VerbEntry[] = [
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{"ts":1527816495,"i":3470,"p":"تښتېدل","f":"tuxtedul","g":"tuxtedul","e":"to run off, escape, flee","c":"v. intrans.","shortIntrans":true,"ec":"escape"},
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{"ts":1527816495,"i":3470,"p":"تښتېدل","f":"tuxtedul","g":"tuxtedul","e":"to run off, escape, flee","c":"v. intrans.","shortIntrans":true,"ec":"escape"},
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{"ts":1527813680,"i":9218,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke"},
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{"ts":1527813680,"i":9218,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke"},
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{"ts":1527813994,"i":11589,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"},
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{"ts":1527813994,"i":11589,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"},
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{"ts":1527815216,"i":6630,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
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{"ts":1527813710,"i":7321,"p":"زېږېدل","f":"zeGedul","g":"zegedul","e":"to be born, to appear, arise","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"be","ep":"born"},
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{"ts":1527813710,"i":7321,"p":"زېږېدل","f":"zeGedul","g":"zegedul","e":"to be born, to appear, arise","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"be","ep":"born"},
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].map(entry => ({ entry }));
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].map(entry => ({ entry }));
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import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
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import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
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import VideoPlayer from "../../components/VideoPlayer";
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import VideoPlayer from "../../components/VideoPlayer";
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import EditableVPEx, { EditIcon } from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx";
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import EditableVPEx, { EditIcon } from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx";
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import BasicVerbShowCase from "../../components/BasicVerbShowCase";
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export const leedulInfo = getVerbInfo({"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"});
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export const leedulInfo = getVerbInfo({"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"});
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export const passiveLeedulInfo = getPassiveRootsAndStems(leedulInfo);
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export const passiveLeedulInfo = getPassiveRootsAndStems(leedulInfo);
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@ -216,14 +217,20 @@ And add that to our roots and stems we made in <Link to="/verbs/passive-verbs/#1
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info={passiveLeedulInfo}
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info={passiveLeedulInfo}
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/>
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/>
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There we go! Now we have all the roots and stems we need to make passive verb forms.
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Try flipping through these other verbs and see how the the active stems are transformed into the passive stems, following this recipe.
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<BasicVerbShowCase opts={opts} tense="presentVerb" passive />
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## Using passive roots and stems
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## Using passive roots and stems
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Once we've made our <Link to="/verbs/passive-verbs/#how-to-make-passive-forms">passive roots and stems</Link> we can use them follow *the exact same verb formulas* to build all the same verb tenses, just in the passive voice.
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Once we've made our <Link to="/verbs/passive-verbs/#how-to-make-passive-forms">passive roots and stems</Link> we can use them follow *the exact same verb formulas* to build all the same verb tenses, just in the passive voice.
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**Important note:** With the passive voice, we don't have an object anymore, so these phrases will follow the <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#1-with-intransitive-verbs-">phrase structure for intransitive verbs</Link>. (The subject will always be <KingIcon />)
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Let's try making different tenses with the passive roots and stems we just made for <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }} />
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Let's try making different tenses with the passive roots and stems we just made for <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }} />
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### Present
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For example we know that to make the <Link to="/verbs/present-verbs/">present tense</Link> we use the formula:
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For example we know that to make the <Link to="/verbs/present-verbs/">present tense</Link> we use the formula:
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<Formula>
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<Formula>
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@ -244,6 +251,8 @@ and say something like:
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{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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}</EditableVPEx>
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}</EditableVPEx>
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### Subjunctive
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We also know that for the <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive</Link> we use the formula:
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We also know that for the <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive</Link> we use the formula:
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<Formula>
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<Formula>
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@ -264,6 +273,8 @@ and say...
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{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Future
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We could do this same process for the future tense, using the imperfective and perfective roots to make the imperfective future,
|
We could do this same process for the future tense, using the imperfective and perfective roots to make the imperfective future,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
@ -276,6 +287,8 @@ and the perfective future:
|
||||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Past
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Again, same thing for the past tense verbs. We know that the <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/">simple past</Link> is made with the formula:
|
Again, same thing for the past tense verbs. We know that the <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/">simple past</Link> is made with the formula:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<Formula>
|
<Formula>
|
||||||
|
@ -318,8 +331,6 @@ And we can say
|
||||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Important note:** With the passive voice, we don't have an object anymore, so these phrases will follow the <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#1-with-intransitive-verbs-">phrase structure for intransitive verbs</Link>.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past">continuous past</Link> is made with the formula:
|
The <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past">continuous past</Link> is made with the formula:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<Formula>
|
<Formula>
|
||||||
|
@ -341,6 +352,8 @@ and make a phrase like,
|
||||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Perfect
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also same thing for making perfect forms, just follow <Link to="/verbs/perfect-verbs-intro/#how-to-make-perfect-tenses-">the same formula as we learned before</Link>. (<samp>Past participle + Equative</samp>)
|
Also same thing for making perfect forms, just follow <Link to="/verbs/perfect-verbs-intro/#how-to-make-perfect-tenses-">the same formula as we learned before</Link>. (<samp>Past participle + Equative</samp>)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
@ -351,8 +364,104 @@ Also same thing for making perfect forms, just follow <Link to="/verbs/perfect-v
|
||||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"pastPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"pastPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So we see that to make verb forms in the passive forms we follow all the same formulas as we did with the active voice, but just using these new <Link to="/verbs/passive-voice#making-passive-roots-and-stems">passive roots and stems</Link>.
|
So we see that to make verb forms in the passive forms we **follow all the same formulas as we did with the active voice**, but just using these new <Link to="/verbs/passive-voice#making-passive-roots-and-stems">passive roots and stems</Link>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### More examples
|
## Examples
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
IN PROGRESS
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9602675508776706,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527813371,"i":4488,"p":"جنګ","f":"jang","g":"jang","e":"war, fight, battle","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.6084120330077722,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812342,"i":5677,"p":"خلک","f":"khalk","g":"khalk","e":"people, nation, populace","c":"n. m. pl."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6207988383591703,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814862,"i":14386,"p":"وژل","f":"wajzul","g":"wajzul","e":"to kill, slaughter","c":"v. trans. irreg.","psp":"وژن","psf":"wajzn","tppp":"واژه","tppf":"waajzu","ec":"kill"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.09499027095492818,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11724,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.24736204820633723,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14504,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8608555765714412,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10025,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43067271280035535,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812856,"i":11645,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write, draw","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9691831828667705,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4630278152792826,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813755,"i":4672,"p":"ځورول","f":"dzawrawul","g":"dzawrawul","e":"to bother, irritate, torture, distress, vex, grind on","c":"v. trans.","ec":"bother"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.026534404872279982,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658541389964,"i":2531,"p":"پکوړه","f":"pakóRa","g":"pakoRa","e":"pakora","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6023163696948342,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5805,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||||
|
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2484268002388179,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.697085951161708,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||||
|
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Difference between passive and intransitive
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It's easy to confuse the **passive voice of transitive verbs** and **intransitive verbs**. Yes, both of them talk about something happening with a subject, and they both follow <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#1-with-intransitive-verbs-">phrase structure for intransitive verbs</Link>. But there is a slight difference in meaning.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For example, using the intransitive verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پخېدل", f: "pakhedúl", e: "to be cooked" }} /> we can say:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "پلاو پخېږي",
|
||||||
|
f: "pulaaw pakhéGee",
|
||||||
|
e: "The pulaw is cooking",
|
||||||
|
sub: "It's sitting in the pot, boiling and becoming ready 🤤",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
]}</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With the **intrnansitive verb**, we're just describing the cooking process that the pulaw is going through.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
But if we use the **passive voice of the transitive verb** <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پخول", f: "pakhawul", e: "to cook" }} />, then we get a *slightly* different meaning. Then we are saying that it is *being cooked*, ie. there is some unmentioned actor working on it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "پلاو پخول کېږي",
|
||||||
|
f: "pulaaw pakhawul keGee",
|
||||||
|
e: "The pulaw is being cooked",
|
||||||
|
sub: "Someone is cooking it / it's being worked on 👨🍳",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
]}</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Passive Voice in Dialects
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It many Pashto dialects--especially those spoken in Pakistan--people add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey", e: "" }} /> tail on the end of the roots used in the passive form. For example, <strong>in standard Afghan Pashto</strong> with the recipe we described the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedul", e: "to see" }} /> has the following roots and stems:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div className="text-center lead">
|
||||||
|
<div>Passive Roots/Stems of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedul", e: "to see" }} /></div>
|
||||||
|
<div>in standard Afghan Pashto</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<RootsAndStems
|
||||||
|
textOptions={opts}
|
||||||
|
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
|
||||||
|
/>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
But in other dialects the roots and stems have a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey", e: "" }} /> tail added in so they look like this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div className="text-center lead">
|
||||||
|
<div>Passive Roots/Stems of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedul", e: "to see" }} /></div>
|
||||||
|
<div>in dialects using the tails on passive</div>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<RootsAndStems
|
||||||
|
textOptions={opts}
|
||||||
|
info={getPassiveRootsAndStems(leedulInfo, true)}
|
||||||
|
/>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Here are some examples using this kind of dialect:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "کتاب لیکلی کېږي",
|
||||||
|
f: "kitaab leekuley kéGee",
|
||||||
|
e: "(a/the) book is being written",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ته ولیدلی شوې",
|
||||||
|
f: "tu óoleeduley shwe",
|
||||||
|
e: "You were seen",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
p: "ته لیدلی شوی یې",
|
||||||
|
f: "tu leeduley shúwey ye",
|
||||||
|
e: "You (m.) have been seen",
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
]}</Examples>
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1803,10 +1803,10 @@
|
||||||
rambda "^6.7.0"
|
rambda "^6.7.0"
|
||||||
react-select "^5.2.2"
|
react-select "^5.2.2"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector@^3.5.4":
|
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector@^3.5.5":
|
||||||
version "3.5.4"
|
version "3.5.5"
|
||||||
resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fpashto-inflector/-/pashto-inflector-3.5.4.tgz#deb03eded12d432545953401aba8274ee07046cc"
|
resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fpashto-inflector/-/pashto-inflector-3.5.5.tgz#5934cb7b9c3dcbf60b1f74a1e699b54c485d3ea6"
|
||||||
integrity sha512-lCoidoOBjGjvtRPwnBy6UTE8Q50j1/ux/gXrXaxdfxi+URdxg2/EuDlHK3stgTM9kHPh91kfkVzjfY3aj+I23w==
|
integrity sha512-nq9hx4SZNmzaD+V9Zn5Qj36yaHyeV5jpIWvTpj1Q+EVFeHMXcguglnqmkf49gRLuFCvBMW9WW3dgz2noUozx7A==
|
||||||
dependencies:
|
dependencies:
|
||||||
"@formkit/auto-animate" "^1.0.0-beta.1"
|
"@formkit/auto-animate" "^1.0.0-beta.1"
|
||||||
classnames "^2.2.6"
|
classnames "^2.2.6"
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue