more work on compounds

2022-07-09 15:25:47 -05:00 · 2022-07-09 15:25:47 -05:00 · 8f5c7bc3ca
parent a17a134bc1
commit 8f5c7bc3ca
10 changed files with 2118 additions and 4 deletions
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
    "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
    "react-ga": "^3.3.0",
    "react-media": "^1.10.0",
+    "react-player": "^2.10.1",
    "react-rewards": "^1.1.2",
    "react-router-dom": "^5.3.0",
    "react-router-hash-link": "^2.4.3",
--- a/src/content/compound-verbs/cooking-potatoes.svg
+++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/cooking-potatoes.svg
--- a/src/content/compound-verbs/doing-work.svg
+++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/doing-work.svg
--- a/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compound-transitive.svg
+++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compound-transitive.svg
--- a/src/content/compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx
+++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+---
+title: Helper Verbs (کول / کېدل)
+---
+
+import {
+    defaultTextOptions as opts,
+    Examples,
+    InlinePs,
+} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
+import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon } from "../../components/terms-links";
+import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
+import Link from "../../components/Link";
+import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
+import ReactPlayer from "react-player";
+
+Pashto uses a number of helper verbs (auxillary verbs) to form compounds.
+
+The most important ones are these four:
+
+- Transitive
+    - <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to make ___ ___" }} />
+    - <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do ___" }} />
+- Intransitive
+    - <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become ___" }} />
+    - <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />
+
+Wait, how are these *four* verbs, and not *two*?? 🤔🤔 Don't the pairs look exactly the same? When you look at this you may feel like this lady does in this video. 
+
+<div className="player-wrapper" style={{ position: "relative", paddingBottom: "56.25%" }}>
+<ReactPlayer
+    url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YG6tlxv4eU"
+    controls={true}
+    width='100%'
+    height='100%'
+    style={{ 
+        position: 'absolute',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0,
+    }}
+/>
+</div>
+<div style={{ paddingBottom: "1rem" }}>
+</div>
+
+Yes, there really are four separate verbs. You're not seeing double, and this is not a trick. The verbs behave differently and have different meanings. And once we see them in the perfective form we will see that they really do look different too.
+
+## کول vs. کول
+
+### کول - to make
+
+IN PROGRESS 🚧
+
+- used with stative componuds
+- doesn't take the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo", e: "" }} /> prefix. The complement splits off as the perfective head
+- takes a subject, object and complement
+
+### کول - to do
+
+- used with dynamic compounds
+- has <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo", e: "" }} /> prefix as perfective head.
+- takes a subject and object
+
+## کېدل vs. کېدل
+
+### کېدل - to become
+
+- used with stative compounds
+- doesn't take the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo", e: "" }} /> prefix. The complement splits off as the perfective head
+- takes a subject and complement
+
+### کېدل - to happen
+
+- used with dynamic compounds
+- has <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo", e: "" }} /> prefix as perfective head
+- takes a subject
+
--- a/src/content/compound-verbs/intro.mdx
+++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/intro.mdx
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+---
+title: Intro to Compound Verbs
+---
+
+import {
+    defaultTextOptions as opts,
+    Examples,
+    InlinePs,
+} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
+import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon } from "../../components/terms-links";
+import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
+import Link from "../../components/Link";
+import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
+import cookingPotatoes from "./cooking-potatoes.svg";
+import doingWork from "./doing-work.svg";
+import stativeCompoundTransitive from "./stative-compound-transitive.svg";
+import dynamicCopmoundTransitive from "./dynamic-compound-transitive.svg";
+
+Compound verbs are verbs made up from a helper verb and some other word. These are extremely common in Pashto. In fact, 70% of the verbs in the [LingDocs Pashto Dictionary](https://dictionary.lingdocs.com) are compound verbs. Here are some examples:
+
+<ul>
+    <li>
+        <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کار کول", f: "kaar kawul", e: "to work" }} />
+    </li>
+    <ul>
+        <li>
+            <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کار", f: "kaar", e: "work" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to do" }} />
+        </li>
+    </ul>
+    <li>
+        <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "منډې وهل", f: "munDe wahul", e: "to run" }} />
+    </li>
+    <ul>
+        <li>
+            <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "منډې", f: "munDe", e: "runs" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وهل", f: "wahul", e: "to hit" }} />
+        </li>
+    </ul>
+    <li>
+        <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "بندول", f: "bandawul", e: "to close" }} />
+    </li>
+    <ul>
+        <li>
+            <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "بند", f: "band", e: "closed" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to make" }} />
+        </li>
+    </ul>
+    <li>
+        <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی کېدل", f: "stuRey kedúl", e: "to get tired" }} />
+    </li>
+    <ul>
+        <li>
+            <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "tired" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} />
+        </li>
+    </ul>
+</ul>
+
+In order to understand how compound verbs work it's important to know that they fall into two different categories:
+
+- **stative** compound verbs
+    - involve *something being changed*
+- **dynamic** compound verbs
+    - involve *an action being done*
+
+These two types of compounds look very similary but they *behave completely differently*. Unfortunately this is an area of Pashto grammar that is not very well known or explained, and so, learners often get quite confused about compound verbs and why they behave the way they do.
+
+Before we understand how these compounds are made and how they work, it might be helpful to quickly picture them as little machines.
+
+With **stative compounds**, we are taking some object and changing it by "making" it something else. We have something that is changing *"state"*, hence the name "stative." For example - if we *melt* ice, we are changing the state of the water from frozen to liquid. We are *making* the ice into liquid.
+
+<div className="text-center mb-2">
+    <img src={stativeCompoundTransitive} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
+</div>
+
+If we cook potatoes, we are changing the state of the potatoes from raw to cooked.
+
+<div className="text-center mb-2">
+    <img src={cookingPotatoes} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
+</div>
+
+With **dynamic compounds**, we are simply *doing* some action. The action is the object and the subject "does" it. So these compounds look like much simpler machines. 
+
+<div className="text-center mb-2">
+    <img src={dynamicCopmoundTransitive} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
+</div>
+
+For example, with the compound verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کار کول", f: "kaar kawul", e: "to work" }} /> we have <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کار", f: "kaar", e: "work" }} /> as the object/action that gets done.
+
+<div className="text-center mb-2">
+    <img src={doingWork} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
+</div>
+
+Don't worry if this doesn't fully make sense yet. We will explain how these compounds work in the chapters ahead. For now, the important thing to know is that there are these two kinds of compounds, and they are **very different**.
+
+- **stative compounds** are used **to make** something different
+- **dynamic compounds** are used **to do** an action
+
+For each type of compound we have a completely different structure and set of rules. If a student is just told that there are "compound verbs" in Pashto and then they try to understand what's going on with them, they are in for a world of pain. 😫  But if we know that there are both stative and dynamic compounds, **everything will make sense**. 🙂
--- a/src/content/compound-verbs/stative-compound-transitive.svg
+++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/stative-compound-transitive.svg
--- a/src/content/index.ts
+++ b/src/content/index.ts
@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/p
 // @ts-ignore
 import * as allPerfectVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx";

+// @ts-ignore
+import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/intro.mdx";
+// @ts-ignore
+import * as helperVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx";
+
 // @ts-ignore
 import * as introToParticiples from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./participles/intro.mdx";

@ -245,6 +250,20 @@ const contentTree = [
            },
        ],
    },
+    {
+        heading: "Compound Verbs",
+        subdirectory: "compound-verbs",
+        chapters: [
+            {
+                import: compoundVerbsIntro,
+                slug: "intro",
+            },
+            {
+                import: helperVerbs,
+                slug: "helper-verbs",
+            },
+        ],
+    },
    {
        heading: "Participles",
        subdirectory: "participles",
--- a/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx
+++ b/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx
@ -39,10 +39,8 @@ We'll use the **imperfective and perfective roots** to make two past tense verb

 1. The simple (<i className="fas fa-camera" /> perfective) past
    - one time, complete actions
-    - formula 🧪: <samp>perfective root + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">past verb ending</Link></samp>
 2. The continuous (<i className="fas fa-video" />  imperfective) past
    - continuous, ongoing, unfinished in the past
-    - formula 🧪: <samp>imperfective root + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">past verb ending</Link></samp>

 Then, we will see **what really trips people up** when learning Pashto is that <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/">the phrase structure totally changes depending on what type of verb we are using</Link>. So we will have to see how these verb forms work with both:

--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@ -4572,7 +4572,7 @@ deep-is@^0.1.3, deep-is@~0.1.3:
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@ -7764,6 +7764,11 @@ load-json-file@^2.0.0:
    pify "^2.0.0"
    strip-bom "^3.0.0"

+load-script@^1.0.0:
+  version "1.0.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/load-script/-/load-script-1.0.0.tgz#0491939e0bee5643ee494a7e3da3d2bac70c6ca4"
+  integrity sha512-kPEjMFtZvwL9TaZo0uZ2ml+Ye9HUMmPwbYRJ324qF9tqMejwykJ5ggTyvzmrbBeapCAbk98BSbTeovHEEP1uCA==
+
 loader-runner@^2.4.0:
  version "2.4.0"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loader-runner/-/loader-runner-2.4.0.tgz#ed47066bfe534d7e84c4c7b9998c2a75607d9357"
@ -8075,7 +8080,7 @@ media-typer@0.3.0:
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  integrity sha1-hxDXrwqmJvj/+hzgAWhUUmMlV0g=

-memoize-one@^5.0.0:
+memoize-one@^5.0.0, memoize-one@^5.1.1:
  version "5.2.1"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/memoize-one/-/memoize-one-5.2.1.tgz#8337aa3c4335581839ec01c3d594090cebe8f00e"
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@ -10318,6 +10323,11 @@ react-error-overlay@^6.0.9:
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+react-fast-compare@^3.0.1:
+  version "3.2.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-fast-compare/-/react-fast-compare-3.2.0.tgz#641a9da81b6a6320f270e89724fb45a0b39e43bb"
+  integrity sha512-rtGImPZ0YyLrscKI9xTpV8psd6I8VAtjKCzQDlzyDvqJA8XOW78TXYQwNRNd8g8JZnDu8q9Fu/1v4HPAVwVdHA==
+
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  version "3.3.0"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-ga/-/react-ga-3.3.0.tgz#c91f407198adcb3b49e2bc5c12b3fe460039b3ca"
@ -10362,6 +10372,17 @@ react-overlays@^5.1.1:
    uncontrollable "^7.2.1"
    warning "^4.0.3"

+react-player@^2.10.1:
+  version "2.10.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-player/-/react-player-2.10.1.tgz#f2ee3ec31393d7042f727737545414b951ffc7e4"
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+  dependencies:
+    deepmerge "^4.0.0"
+    load-script "^1.0.0"
+    memoize-one "^5.1.1"
+    prop-types "^15.7.2"
+    react-fast-compare "^3.0.1"
+
 react-pose@^4.0.8:
  version "4.0.10"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-pose/-/react-pose-4.0.10.tgz#fde1c6c388ec210f7099dfe2b8dd2f89a75db7d0"