diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index e89cccb..516f299 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ "react-dom": "^17.0.2", "react-ga": "^3.3.0", "react-media": "^1.10.0", + "react-player": "^2.10.1", "react-rewards": "^1.1.2", "react-router-dom": "^5.3.0", "react-router-hash-link": "^2.4.3", diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/cooking-potatoes.svg b/src/content/compound-verbs/cooking-potatoes.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e53e60 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/cooking-potatoes.svg @@ -0,0 +1,593 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/doing-work.svg b/src/content/compound-verbs/doing-work.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4565414 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/doing-work.svg @@ -0,0 +1,415 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compound-transitive.svg b/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compound-transitive.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97726ac --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compound-transitive.svg @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx b/src/content/compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fe0c48 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +--- +title: Helper Verbs (کول / کېدل) +--- + +import { + defaultTextOptions as opts, + Examples, + InlinePs, +} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector"; +import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon } from "../../components/terms-links"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula"; +import ReactPlayer from "react-player"; + +Pashto uses a number of helper verbs (auxillary verbs) to form compounds. + +The most important ones are these four: + +- Transitive + - + - +- Intransitive + - + - + +Wait, how are these *four* verbs, and not *two*?? 🤔🤔 Don't the pairs look exactly the same? When you look at this you may feel like this lady does in this video. + +
+ +
+
+
+ +Yes, there really are four separate verbs. You're not seeing double, and this is not a trick. The verbs behave differently and have different meanings. And once we see them in the perfective form we will see that they really do look different too. + +## کول vs. کول + +### کول - to make + +IN PROGRESS 🚧 + +- used with stative componuds +- doesn't take the prefix. The complement splits off as the perfective head +- takes a subject, object and complement + +### کول - to do + +- used with dynamic compounds +- has prefix as perfective head. +- takes a subject and object + +## کېدل vs. کېدل + +### کېدل - to become + +- used with stative compounds +- doesn't take the prefix. The complement splits off as the perfective head +- takes a subject and complement + +### کېدل - to happen + +- used with dynamic compounds +- has prefix as perfective head +- takes a subject + diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/intro.mdx b/src/content/compound-verbs/intro.mdx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4309751 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/intro.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +--- +title: Intro to Compound Verbs +--- + +import { + defaultTextOptions as opts, + Examples, + InlinePs, +} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector"; +import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon } from "../../components/terms-links"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula"; +import cookingPotatoes from "./cooking-potatoes.svg"; +import doingWork from "./doing-work.svg"; +import stativeCompoundTransitive from "./stative-compound-transitive.svg"; +import dynamicCopmoundTransitive from "./dynamic-compound-transitive.svg"; + +Compound verbs are verbs made up from a helper verb and some other word. These are extremely common in Pashto. In fact, 70% of the verbs in the [LingDocs Pashto Dictionary](https://dictionary.lingdocs.com) are compound verbs. Here are some examples: + +
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+ +In order to understand how compound verbs work it's important to know that they fall into two different categories: + +- **stative** compound verbs + - involve *something being changed* +- **dynamic** compound verbs + - involve *an action being done* + +These two types of compounds look very similary but they *behave completely differently*. Unfortunately this is an area of Pashto grammar that is not very well known or explained, and so, learners often get quite confused about compound verbs and why they behave the way they do. + +Before we understand how these compounds are made and how they work, it might be helpful to quickly picture them as little machines. + +With **stative compounds**, we are taking some object and changing it by "making" it something else. We have something that is changing *"state"*, hence the name "stative." For example - if we *melt* ice, we are changing the state of the water from frozen to liquid. We are *making* the ice into liquid. + +
+ +
+ +If we cook potatoes, we are changing the state of the potatoes from raw to cooked. + +
+ +
+ +With **dynamic compounds**, we are simply *doing* some action. The action is the object and the subject "does" it. So these compounds look like much simpler machines. + +
+ +
+ +For example, with the compound verb we have as the object/action that gets done. + +
+ +
+ +Don't worry if this doesn't fully make sense yet. We will explain how these compounds work in the chapters ahead. For now, the important thing to know is that there are these two kinds of compounds, and they are **very different**. + +- **stative compounds** are used **to make** something different +- **dynamic compounds** are used **to do** an action + +For each type of compound we have a completely different structure and set of rules. If a student is just told that there are "compound verbs" in Pashto and then they try to understand what's going on with them, they are in for a world of pain. 😫 But if we know that there are both stative and dynamic compounds, **everything will make sense**. 🙂 diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/stative-compound-transitive.svg b/src/content/compound-verbs/stative-compound-transitive.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6090c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/stative-compound-transitive.svg @@ -0,0 +1,547 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/index.ts b/src/content/index.ts index b0c769a..13738da 100644 --- a/src/content/index.ts +++ b/src/content/index.ts @@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/p // @ts-ignore import * as allPerfectVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx"; +// @ts-ignore +import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/intro.mdx"; +// @ts-ignore +import * as helperVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx"; + // @ts-ignore import * as introToParticiples from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./participles/intro.mdx"; @@ -245,6 +250,20 @@ const contentTree = [ }, ], }, + { + heading: "Compound Verbs", + subdirectory: "compound-verbs", + chapters: [ + { + import: compoundVerbsIntro, + slug: "intro", + }, + { + import: helperVerbs, + slug: "helper-verbs", + }, + ], + }, { heading: "Participles", subdirectory: "participles", diff --git a/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx b/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx index 54a885d..2ad91db 100644 --- a/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx +++ b/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx @@ -39,10 +39,8 @@ We'll use the **imperfective and perfective roots** to make two past tense verb 1. The simple ( perfective) past - one time, complete actions - - formula 🧪: perfective root + past verb ending 2. The continuous ( imperfective) past - continuous, ongoing, unfinished in the past - - formula 🧪: imperfective root + past verb ending Then, we will see **what really trips people up** when learning Pashto is that the phrase structure totally changes depending on what type of verb we are using. So we will have to see how these verb forms work with both: diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock index 31ac298..84c3b15 100644 --- a/yarn.lock +++ b/yarn.lock @@ -4572,7 +4572,7 @@ deep-is@^0.1.3, deep-is@~0.1.3: resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/deep-is/-/deep-is-0.1.3.tgz#b369d6fb5dbc13eecf524f91b070feedc357cf34" integrity sha1-s2nW+128E+7PUk+RsHD+7cNXzzQ= -deepmerge@^4.2.2: +deepmerge@^4.0.0, deepmerge@^4.2.2: version "4.2.2" resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/deepmerge/-/deepmerge-4.2.2.tgz#44d2ea3679b8f4d4ffba33f03d865fc1e7bf4955" integrity sha512-FJ3UgI4gIl+PHZm53knsuSFpE+nESMr7M4v9QcgB7S63Kj/6WqMiFQJpBBYz1Pt+66bZpP3Q7Lye0Oo9MPKEdg== @@ -7764,6 +7764,11 @@ load-json-file@^2.0.0: pify "^2.0.0" strip-bom "^3.0.0" +load-script@^1.0.0: + version "1.0.0" + resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/load-script/-/load-script-1.0.0.tgz#0491939e0bee5643ee494a7e3da3d2bac70c6ca4" + integrity sha512-kPEjMFtZvwL9TaZo0uZ2ml+Ye9HUMmPwbYRJ324qF9tqMejwykJ5ggTyvzmrbBeapCAbk98BSbTeovHEEP1uCA== + loader-runner@^2.4.0: version "2.4.0" resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loader-runner/-/loader-runner-2.4.0.tgz#ed47066bfe534d7e84c4c7b9998c2a75607d9357" @@ -8075,7 +8080,7 @@ media-typer@0.3.0: resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/media-typer/-/media-typer-0.3.0.tgz#8710d7af0aa626f8fffa1ce00168545263255748" integrity sha1-hxDXrwqmJvj/+hzgAWhUUmMlV0g= -memoize-one@^5.0.0: +memoize-one@^5.0.0, memoize-one@^5.1.1: version "5.2.1" resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/memoize-one/-/memoize-one-5.2.1.tgz#8337aa3c4335581839ec01c3d594090cebe8f00e" integrity sha512-zYiwtZUcYyXKo/np96AGZAckk+FWWsUdJ3cHGGmld7+AhvcWmQyGCYUh1hc4Q/pkOhb65dQR/pqCyK0cOaHz4Q== @@ -10318,6 +10323,11 @@ react-error-overlay@^6.0.9: resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-error-overlay/-/react-error-overlay-6.0.9.tgz#3c743010c9359608c375ecd6bc76f35d93995b0a" integrity sha512-nQTTcUu+ATDbrSD1BZHr5kgSD4oF8OFjxun8uAaL8RwPBacGBNPf/yAuVVdx17N8XNzRDMrZ9XcKZHCjPW+9ew== +react-fast-compare@^3.0.1: + version "3.2.0" + resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-fast-compare/-/react-fast-compare-3.2.0.tgz#641a9da81b6a6320f270e89724fb45a0b39e43bb" + integrity sha512-rtGImPZ0YyLrscKI9xTpV8psd6I8VAtjKCzQDlzyDvqJA8XOW78TXYQwNRNd8g8JZnDu8q9Fu/1v4HPAVwVdHA== + react-ga@^3.3.0: version "3.3.0" resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-ga/-/react-ga-3.3.0.tgz#c91f407198adcb3b49e2bc5c12b3fe460039b3ca" @@ -10362,6 +10372,17 @@ react-overlays@^5.1.1: uncontrollable "^7.2.1" warning "^4.0.3" +react-player@^2.10.1: + version "2.10.1" + resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-player/-/react-player-2.10.1.tgz#f2ee3ec31393d7042f727737545414b951ffc7e4" + integrity sha512-ova0jY1Y1lqLYxOehkzbNEju4rFXYVkr5rdGD71nsiG4UKPzRXQPTd3xjoDssheoMNjZ51mjT5ysTrdQ2tEvsg== + dependencies: + deepmerge "^4.0.0" + load-script "^1.0.0" + memoize-one "^5.1.1" + prop-types "^15.7.2" + react-fast-compare "^3.0.1" + react-pose@^4.0.8: version "4.0.10" resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/react-pose/-/react-pose-4.0.10.tgz#fde1c6c388ec210f7099dfe2b8dd2f89a75db7d0"