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@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ It's important to know that _not all words can be inflected_. If a word doesn't
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## Exceptions
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Whatever kind of word you're using, it will always inflect for the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-intro/">three reasons</Link> that we mentioned earlier. However, there are a few exceptions.
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Whatever kind of word you're using, it will always inflect for the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-intro/">three reasons</Link> that we mentioned earlier. However, there are two big exceptions.
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### Pattern 1 words in sandwiches starting with په - pu
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When you put a <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern 1 - basic</Link> word in a sandwich starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ...", f: "pu ..." }} /> sandwich, the first inflection is optional. Some people will use it, some will not.
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When you put a <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern 1 - basic</Link> word in a the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... کې", f: "pu ... ke", e: "in" }} /> sandwich, **it will not use the first inflection**.
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For example:
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For example, let's put the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کوټه", f: "koTa", e: "room" }} /> inside the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... کې", f: "pu ... ke", e: "in" }} />. It doesn't inflect!
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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@ -119,11 +119,37 @@ For example:
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f: "zu **pu koTa ke** yum",
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e: "I am **in the room**",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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But if you make it plural, it _will_ use the second inflection. Only the first inflection is skipped.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "زه **په کوټې کې** یم",
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f: "zu **pu koTe ke** yum",
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e: "I am **in the room**",
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p: "مونږ **په کوټو کې** یو",
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f: "moonG **pu koTo ke** yoo",
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e: "We are **in the rooms**",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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Remember that in any other kind of sandwich, you still use the first inflection with these pattern 1 words.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "زه **کوټې ته** ځم",
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f: "zu **koTé ta** dzum",
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e: "I'm going to the room",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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Other sandwiches starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په", f: "pu" }} /> like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... باندې", f: "pu ... baande" }} /> are a bit flexible with these pattern 1 words. Sometimes people will inflect them and sometimes they won't.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "هغه **په ښځه باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي",
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f: "hagha **pu xudza baande** DoDuy pakhawee",
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@ -139,48 +165,23 @@ For example:
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])}
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</Examples>
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But if you make it plural, it will always use the second inflection. Only the first inflection is skipped.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "مونږ **په کوټو کې** یو",
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f: "moonG **pu koTo ke** yoo",
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e: "We are **in the rooms**",
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},
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{
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p: "هغه **په ښځو باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي",
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f: "hagha **pu xudzo baande** DoDuy pakhawee",
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e: "He gets his wives to cook the food",
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sub: "not inflected",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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Remember that in any other kind of sandwich, you will _always_ use the first inflection with these pattern 1 words. They are only optional with sandwiches starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ...", f: "pu ..." }} />.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "زه **کوټې ته** ځم",
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f: "zu **koTé ta** dzum",
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e: "I'm going to the room",
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},
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{
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p: "❌ زه **کوټه ته** ځم ❌",
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f: "❌ zu **koTá ta** dzum ❌",
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e: "I'm going to the room",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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### Pattern 4 masculine animate nouns
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Pattern 4 <strong>masculine animate nouns</strong> (ie. a person or animal) in this pattern will often<strong>only use the first inflection for the plural</strong>. Some people will use the first inflection for all three reason, but most will not.
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<p>
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<Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#4-words-with-the-pashtoon-pattern">
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Pattern 4
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</Link>
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{` `}
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<strong>masculine animate nouns</strong> (ie. a person or animal) in this
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pattern will often{` `}
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<strong>only use the first inflection for the plural</strong>. (In some dialects
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and formal written text though, they will still use the inflection for all three
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reasons.)
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</p>
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#### In sandwiches
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For example, if we put the the masculine singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پښټون", f: "puxtoon" }} /> in a sandwich, _usually_ people will not inflect it. But the feminine form will always inflect.
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For example, if we put the the singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پښټون", f: "puxtoon" }} /> in a sandwich, _usually_ people will not inflect it.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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@ -222,14 +223,8 @@ For example, if we put the the masculine singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps=
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{
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p: "**پښتون** زه ولیدم",
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f: "**puxtoon** zu óoledum",
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e: "The Pashtun (m.) saw me",
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sub: "masc. not inflected",
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},
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{
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p: "**پښتنې** زه ولیدم",
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f: "**puxtané** zu óoledum",
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e: "The Pashtun (f.) saw me",
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sub: "inflected",
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e: "The Pashtun saw me",
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sub: "not inflected",
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},
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{
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p: "**پښتنو** زه ولیدم",
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@ -258,60 +253,6 @@ But these words will _always_ use the first inflection for the plural.
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])}
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</Examples>
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### Pattern 4 masculine animate unusual nouns
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There are a few words that don't perfectly fit the "Pashtoon" pattern. For example:
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- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مېلمه", f: "melmá", e: "guest" }} />
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- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کوربه", f: "korbá", e: "host" }} />
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When masculine, these words will only use the first inflection for plurals. They will not use the first inflection for sandwiches or for subjects of transitive past tense words. For example:
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([
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{
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p: "مېلمانه ناست دي",
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f: "melmaanú naast dee",
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e: "The guests are sitting",
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sub: "masc. inflected for plural"
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},
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{
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p: "د مېلمه نوم څه دی؟",
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f: "du melmá noom tsu day?",
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e: "What is the guest's (m.) name?",
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sub: "masc. not inflected for sandwich"
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},
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{
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p: "د مېلمنې نوم څه دی",
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f: "du melmané noom tsu day?",
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e: "What is the guest's (f.) name?",
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sub: "fem. inflected for sandwich"
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},
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{
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p: "مېلمنو نومونه څه دي",
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f: "du melmanó noomoona tsu dee?",
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e: "What are the guests' names?",
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},
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{
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p: "مېلمه زه ولیدم",
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f: "melmá zu óoleedum",
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e: "The guest (m.) saw me",
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sub: "masc. not inflected for subject of past-tense trans."
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},
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{
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p: "مېلمنې زه ولیدم",
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f: "melmané zu óoleedum",
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e: "The guest (f.) saw me",
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sub: "fem. inflected for subject of past-tense trans."
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},
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{
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p: "مېلمنو زه ولیدم",
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f: "melmano zu óoleedum",
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e: "The guests saw me",
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},
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])}
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</Examples>
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<GameDisplay record={inflectionPatternsGame1} />
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<GameDisplay record={inflectionPatternsGame2} />
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