starting passive page

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lingdocs 2022-07-26 13:48:29 -05:00
parent 0c9e4ede45
commit d293a5d05e
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1", "@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4", "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4",
"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.1", "@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.1",
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^3.5.3", "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^3.5.4",
"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4", "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4",
"@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0", "@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0",
"@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10", "@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10",

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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/p
// @ts-ignore // @ts-ignore
import * as allPerfectVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx"; import * as allPerfectVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore // @ts-ignore
import * as passiveVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/passive-verbs.mdx"; import * as passiveVoice from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/passive-voice.mdx";
// @ts-ignore // @ts-ignore
import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/intro.mdx"; import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/intro.mdx";
@ -273,8 +273,8 @@ const contentTree: (ChapterSection | ChaptersSection)[] = [
slug: "verb-endings", slug: "verb-endings",
}, },
{ {
import: passiveVerbs, import: passiveVoice,
slug: "passive-verbs", slug: "passive-voice",
}, },
], ],
}, },

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@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
---
title: Passive Verbs
---
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
Examples,
InlinePs,
} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon } from "../../components/terms-links";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
import VideoPlayer from "../../components/VideoPlayer";
<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaVbnx5FQps" />
Transitive verbs in Pashto can be used in the [passive voice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice). In the passive voice the object moves over to the role of the subject and the verb talks about the action being done to it.
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Active Voice</th>
<th scope="col">Passive Voice</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "زه کتاب لیکم",
f: "zu kitáab leekúm",
e: "I (subject) am writing a book (object)",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "کتاب لیکل کېږي",
f: "kitáab leekul kéGee",
e: "A book (subject) is being written",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "هغوي پښټو وايي",
f: "haghwée puxto waayee",
e: "They (subject) are speaking Pashto (object)",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "پښتو وایل کېږي",
f: "puxto waayul kéGee",
e: "Pashto (subject) is spoken",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
e: "I (subject) ate food (object)",
}
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "ډوډۍ وخوړل شوه",
f: "DoDúy óokhoRul shwa",
e: "Food (subject) was eaten",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## How to make passive forms
IN PROGRESS
## Examples
## Note on past tense

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@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
---
title: Passive Voice
---
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
Examples,
InlinePs,
RootsAndStems,
conjugateVerb,
getVerbInfo,
getPassiveRootsAndStems,
} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon } from "../../components/terms-links";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
import VideoPlayer from "../../components/VideoPlayer";
import EditableVPEx, { EditIcon } from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx";
export const leedulInfo = getVerbInfo({"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"});
export const passiveLeedulInfo = getPassiveRootsAndStems(leedulInfo);
<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaVbnx5FQps" />
Transitive verbs in Pashto can be used in the [passive voice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice). In the passive voice the object moves over to the role of the subject and the verb talks about the action being done to it.
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Active Voice</th>
<th scope="col">Passive Voice</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "زه کتاب لیکم",
f: "zu kitáab leekúm",
e: "I (subject) am writing a book (object)",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "کتاب لیکل کېږي",
f: "kitáab leekul kéGee",
e: "A book (subject) is being written",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "هغوي پښټو وايي",
f: "haghwée puxto waayee",
e: "They (subject) are speaking Pashto (object)",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "پښتو وایل کېږي",
f: "puxto waayul kéGee",
e: "Pashto (subject) is spoken",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
e: "I (subject) ate food (object)",
}
]}</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
{
p: "ډوډۍ وخوړل شوه",
f: "DoDúy óokhoRul shwa",
e: "Food (subject) was eaten",
},
]}</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## Making passive roots and stems
To make passive forms we will just need to change the 🌳 <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">roots and stems</Link> of the verb.
This can be done in two simple steps: 👨‍🍳
### 1. Copy the roots up to the stems
First we need to take just the **long form** of the roots on the bottom, and copy those to use for the stems and the past participle.
For example, with the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }} /> we have roots and stems like this in the active voice:
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={leedulInfo}
/>
So let's use **just the long form of the roots** and also copy them to for the stems and the past participle...
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={{
"entry": {
"entry": {
"ts": 1527812275,
"i": 11623,
"p": "لیدل",
"f": "leedul",
"g": "leedul",
"e": "to see",
"c": "v. trans.",
"psp": "وین",
"psf": "ween",
"tppp": "لید",
"tppf": "leed",
"ec": "see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"
}
},
"transitivity": "transitive",
"yulEnding": false,
"root": {
"imperfective": {
"p": "لیدل",
"f": "leedúl"
},
"perfective": {
"p": "ولیدل",
"f": "óoleedul"
},
"perfectiveSplit": [
{
"p": "و",
"f": "óo"
},
{
"p": "لیدل",
"f": "leedul"
},
],
},
"stem": {
"imperfective": {
"p": "لیدل",
"f": "leedúl"
},
"perfective": {
"p": "ولیدل",
"f": "óoleedul"
},
"perfectiveSplit": [
{
"p": "و",
"f": "óo"
},
{
"p": "لیدل",
"f": "leedul"
},
],
},
"participle": {
"past": {
"p": "لیدلی",
"f": "leedúley"
},
"present": {
"p": "لیدونکی",
"f": "leedóonkey"
}
},
"idiosyncraticThirdMascSing": {
"imperfective": {
"p": "لید",
"f": "leed"
},
"perfective": {
"p": "ولید",
"f": "óoleed"
}
},
"type": "simple"
}} />
### 2. Add the helper verb کېدل - to become
And then we take the roots and stems for <Link to="/compound-verbs/helper-verbs/#کېدل---to-become"><InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} /></Link>
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={leedulInfo}
/>
And add that to our roots and stems we made in <Link to="/verbs/passive-verbs/#1-copy-the-roots-up-to-the-stems">the previous step</Link> and we're done!
<div className="text-center lead">Passive Roots/Stems of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }} /></div>
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
/>
There we go! Now we have all the roots and stems we need to make passive verb forms.
## Using passive roots and stems
Once we've made our <Link to="/verbs/passive-verbs/#how-to-make-passive-forms">passive roots and stems</Link> we can use them follow *the exact same verb formulas* to build all the same verb tenses, just in the passive voice.
Let's try making different tenses with the passive roots and stems we just made for <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیدل", f: "leedúl", e: "to see" }} />
For example we know that to make the <Link to="/verbs/present-verbs/">present tense</Link> we use the formula:
<Formula>
Imperfective Stem + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Present Ending</Link>
</Formula>
So now we can use the *imperfective stem* of these passive roots and stems:
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
highlighted={["imperfective stem"]}
/>
and say something like:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
We also know that for the <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive</Link> we use the formula:
<Formula>
Perfective Stem + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Present Ending</Link>
</Formula>
So let's take our passive *perfective stem*:
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
highlighted={["perfective stem"]}
/>
and say...
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
We could do this same process for the future tense, using the imperfective and perfective roots to make the imperfective future,
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
and the perfective future:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
Again, same thing for the past tense verbs. We know that the <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/">simple past</Link> is made with the formula:
<Formula>
Perfective root +{` `}
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
</Formula>
So we can grab the *perfective root*:
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
highlighted={["perfective root"]}
/>
and make a phrase like,
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
Again, same thing for the past tense verbs. We know that the <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#simple-past">simple past</Link> is made with the formula:
<Formula>
Perfective root +{` `}
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
</Formula>
So we take the *perfective root*:
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
highlighted={["perfective root"]}
/>
And we can say
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
**Important note:** With the passive voice, we don't have an object anymore, so these phrases will follow the <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#1-with-intransitive-verbs-">phrase structure for intransitive verbs</Link>.
The <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past">continuous past</Link> is made with the formula:
<Formula>
Imperfective root +{` `}
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
</Formula>
So we can grab the *imperfective root*:
<RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={passiveLeedulInfo}
highlighted={["imperfective root"]}
/>
and make a phrase like,
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
Also same thing for making perfect forms, just follow <Link to="/verbs/perfect-verbs-intro/#how-to-make-perfect-tenses-">the same formula as we learned before</Link>. (<samp>Past participle + Equative</samp>)
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"pastPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
So we see that to make verb forms in the passive forms we follow all the same formulas as we did with the active voice, but just using these new <Link to="/verbs/passive-voice#making-passive-roots-and-stems">passive roots and stems</Link>.
### More examples
IN PROGRESS

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