diff --git a/src/content/equatives/other-equatives.mdx b/src/content/equatives/other-equatives.mdx index 12994cb..d3126e6 100644 --- a/src/content/equatives/other-equatives.mdx +++ b/src/content/equatives/other-equatives.mdx @@ -518,6 +518,7 @@ This is used to talk about: - One desires or wants A to be B - A should/must be B (judgement) - If/it's possible that A is B +- if A is B - ...so that A is B (purpose) #### 4. Future Equative diff --git a/src/content/verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx b/src/content/verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx index 5f8cb32..c648400 100644 --- a/src/content/verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx +++ b/src/content/verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx @@ -15,9 +15,200 @@ import Link from "../../components/Link"; import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula"; import EditableVPEx, { EditIcon } from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx"; import BasicVerbShowCase from "../../components/BasicVerbShowCase"; -import simplePast from "./simple-past-in-reality.svg"; -import presentPerfect from "./present-perfect.svg"; +import perfectDogMeme from "./perfect-dog-meme.jpg"; import chemistryPerfect from "./chemistry-perfect.jpg"; import BasicBlocks from "../../components/BasicBlocks"; -COMING SOON ... \ No newline at end of file + +In the previous chapter we explained how [perfect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_(grammar)) forms are made by combining the past participle of a verb with an equative. + +
+ +
+ + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + Equative = Perfect + + +The nice thing about perfects is that we can use any of the 8 equatives, and this gives use a huge amount of expressive power to talk about whether something has happened, had happened, will have happened, might have happened, would have happened, what you wish would have happened etc. etc. + +
+ +
+ +With the power of perfect forms, we can inject our with all the meanings of the 8 different equative tenses. + +## Present Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + Present Equative + + +The present perfect is used to talk about events that have happened in the past and therefore have an effect on *the current situation*, now. + +{psmd([ + { + p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده", + f: "maa DoDúy khoRule da", + e: "I have eaten food", + sub: "I am full **now**", + }, + { + p: "زه کابل ته تللی یم", + f: "zu kaabul ta tlúley yum", + e: "I've gone to Kabul", + sub: "I've gone there so I'm over there **now** / I **currently** have the experience of having travelled there." + }, + { + p: "هغې ته نه یې لیدلې", + f: "haghé tu nú ye leedúle", + e: "She hasn't seen you (f.)", + sub: "She **currently** does not have the experience of seeing you", + }, +])} + +## Habitual Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + Habitual Equative + + +The habitual perfect is used to talk about events that are habitually/generally found to be completed, so they tend to have an affect on the situation over and over again, in a habitual fashion. + +{psmd([ + { + p: "ماشومان په دې وخت کې مکتب ته تللي وي", + f: "maashoomáan pu de wakht ke maktab ta tlúlee wee", + e: "The kids tend to be gone to school at this time", + sub: "At this time **usually** the kids are gone to school", + }, + { + p: "په اختر کې ډېر خلک دلته راغلي وي", + f: "pu akhtar ke Der khalk dălta raaghúlee wee", + e: "On the holiday usually lots of people come/show up here", + sub: "People have a **habit** of arriving here on the holiday - you will **usually** see them here then", + } +])} + +## Subjunctive Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + Subjunctive Equative + + +The subjunctive perfect is used to talk about things being done in a *subjunctive* way, i.e.: + - *wanting* something to be done + - saying that something *should/must* be done + - saying that something is *possibly* done + - saying *if* something is done + - saying a purpose, i.e. ...**so that** something will be done + +{psmd([ + { + p: "کېدای شي چې **راغلی وي**", + f: "kedaay shee che **raaghuley wee**", + e: "It's possible that he's arrived", + }, + { + p: "چې خفه شوی نه وې", + f: "che khufa shúwey nú we", + e: "I hope you haven't become sad", + sub: "I don't want you to have gotten upset", + }, +])} + +## Future Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + Future Equative + + +The future equative is used to either to: + +
    +
  1. say that something will be done in the future
  2. +
  3. guess/presume that something is done now
  4. +
+ +#### A. Say something will be done in the future + +{psmd([ + { + p: "سبا هغه به پېښور ته تللې وي", + f: "sabaa haghá ba pexawar ta tlúle wee", + e: "Tomorrow she will have gone to Peshawer", + }, + { + p: "دوه کاله بعد ما به پښتو ښه زده کړې وي", + f: "dwa kaala bad maa ba puxto xa zda kúRe wee", + e: "After two years I will have learned Pashto well.", + } +])} + +Notice that even though you might be talking about future events, for the phrase structure this is still considered past tense, because **all perfects are considered past tense**. + +#### B. Gues about what is currently done + +It is 👉 **extremely common and useful** 👈 to use the future equative to make guesses or presumptions about events being done currently. This is often used in conversation to throw out guesses or estimates, or even ask questions about what might have happened. + +{psmd([ + { + p: "تا به دا کتاب لیدلی وي", + f: "taa ba daa kitaab leedúley wee", + e: "You've probably seen this book", + }, + { + p: "هغه به کابل ته تللی وي", + f: "haghá ba kaabul ta tlúley wee", + e: "He's probably gone to Kabul", + }, + { + p: "تا به ډوډۍ نه وي خوړلې", + f: "taa ba DoDuy nu wee khoRúle", + e: "I betcha you haven't eaten", + }, + { + p: "بازار کې خو به دې لیملی یم", + f: "baazaar ke kho ba de leedúley yum", + e: "Well surely you will have seen me in the bazar", + }, +])} + +With this form of perfect people often add an emphatic in the . + +## Past Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + Past Equative + + +The past perfect is used to say that an event **had been done in the past**. + +IN PROGRESS ... + +## "Would be" Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + "Would be" Equative + + +## Past Subjunctive Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + "Past Subjunctive" Equative + + +## "Would have been" Perfect + + + Verb Past Participle +{` `} + "Would have been" Equative + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/content/verbs/perfect-dog-meme-source.pxd b/src/content/verbs/perfect-dog-meme-source.pxd new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65d033c Binary files /dev/null and b/src/content/verbs/perfect-dog-meme-source.pxd differ diff --git a/src/content/verbs/perfect-dog-meme.jpg b/src/content/verbs/perfect-dog-meme.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c92b7c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/src/content/verbs/perfect-dog-meme.jpg differ diff --git a/src/lib/psmd.js b/src/lib/psmd.js index 11a7f77..7567226 100644 --- a/src/lib/psmd.js +++ b/src/lib/psmd.js @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ import Markdown from "markdown-to-jsx"; -export default function mdps(input) { +export default function psmd(input) { if (Array.isArray(input)) { - return input.map(mdps); + return input.map(psmd); } return { ...input, @@ -11,5 +11,8 @@ export default function mdps(input) { ...input.e ? { e: {input.e}, } : {}, + ...input.sub ? { + sub: {input.sub}, + } : {}, }; } \ No newline at end of file