diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 6f191a7..5902d28 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ "@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1", "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4", "@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.1", - "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^3.1.3", + "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^3.1.4", "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4", "@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0", "@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10", diff --git a/src/content/index.ts b/src/content/index.ts index e06efca..35d3187 100644 --- a/src/content/index.ts +++ b/src/content/index.ts @@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ import * as imperativeVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/imp import * as verbEndings from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-endings.mdx"; // @ts-ignore import * as rootsAndStems from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx"; +// @ts-ignore +import * as pastVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/past-verbs.mdx"; // @ts-ignore import * as introToParticiples from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./participles/intro.mdx"; @@ -215,6 +217,10 @@ const contentTree = [ import: imperativeVerbs, slug: "imperative-verbs", }, + { + import: pastVerbs, + slug: "past-verbs", + }, { import: verbEndings, slug: "verb-endings", diff --git a/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx b/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..842eb9a --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +--- +title: Past Tense +--- + +import { + defaultTextOptions as opts, + Examples, + InlinePs, +} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector"; +import cousins from "./cousins.png"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula"; +import verbTreePastPresent from "./verb-tree-past-present.svg"; +import verbTreeImperfectivePerfective from "./verb-tree-imperfective-perfective.svg"; +import imperfectiveFuture from "./imperfective-future-graph.svg"; +import perfectiveFuture from "./perfective-future-graph.svg"; +import BasicVerbShowCase from "../../components/BasicVerbShowCase"; + +export function KingIcon() { + return ; +} + +export function ServantIcon() { + return ; +}; + +Past tense verbs in Pashto are famous for being very difficult and confusing for the learner. Thankfully there are some very simple rules that we can learn, and with a little practice (ok, a *lot* of practice) you'll find there's nothing confusing about past tense verbs in Pashto at all. + +Now that we're making past tense verbs, we will be using the **bottom half** of the roots and stems tree. + +
+ +
+ +And when we use these roots we will have to choose between the imperfective and perfective aspects on the left and right sides. + +
+ +
+ +We'll use the **imperfective and perfective roots** to make two past tense verb forms: + +1. The simple ( perfective) past + - one time, complete actions +2. The continuous ( imperfective) past + - continuous, ongoing, unfinished in the past + +Then, we will see **what really trips people up** when learning Pashto is that the phrase structure totally changes depending on what type of verb we are using. So we will have to see how these verb forms work with both: + +1. Intransitive verbs + - verbs with no object +2. Transitive verbs + - verbs that have an object + +**First we'll introduce the two forms (simple and continuous past) using intransitive verbs**, and then later we'll see how things change when we use transitive verbs. Let's go! + +## Simple Past + +IN PROGRESS + +## Continuous Past + +IN PROGRESS + +## Past Tense with Transitive Verbs + +Here's where things get interesting. With non-past tense verbs the *subject* is the king of the phrase, leaving the servant role to the object. But with past tense transitive verbs, the roles are reversed! With past tense transitive verbs in Pashto: + +- The **object** is the **king** of the phrase + - The *object* commands the verb! +- The **subject** is the **servant** of the phrase + +Also, another weird thing that happens is that the **subject** is inflected. + +- The **subject** gets **inflected** +- The **object** does NOT get inflected + +This isn't just some insanity unique to Pashto, in linguistics it's known as [ergative alignment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment). And in Pashto this seemingly "backwards" phrase structure hits us whenever we use a past tense transitive verb. + +IN PROGRESS \ No newline at end of file