From a1f1ad3ae0cd0c5ec3f096c016f17db9a4ba3d74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lingdocs <71590811+lingdocs@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 25 Jul 2022 20:01:45 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] more --- .../phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx.tsx | 4 +- .../compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx | 2 +- .../compound-verbs/ironing-stative.svg | 1091 +++++++++++++++++ .../compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx | 118 +- .../phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx | 18 +- 5 files changed, 1220 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/content/compound-verbs/ironing-stative.svg diff --git a/src/components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx.tsx b/src/components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx.tsx index 33c60b2..268c5ab 100644 --- a/src/components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx.tsx +++ b/src/components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx.tsx @@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ export function EditIcon() { return ; } -function EditableVPEx({ children, opts, formChoice, noEdit, length, mode }: { +function EditableVPEx({ children, opts, formChoice, noEdit, length, mode, sub }: { children: T.VPSelectionState, opts: T.TextOptions, formChoice?: boolean, noEdit?: boolean, length?: "long" | "short", mode?: "text" | "blocks", + sub?: string | JSX.Element, }) { const [editing, setEditing] = useState(false); const [selectedLength, setSelectedLength] = useState<"long" | "short">(length || "short"); @@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ function EditableVPEx({ children, opts, formChoice, noEdit, length, mode }: { length={selectedLength} mode={mode} /> + {sub &&
{sub}
} ; } diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx b/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx index 6caa7a8..e769310 100644 --- a/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ For instance if we want to say "I will serve *the people*" we have to say someth }, ])} -If we want to use say "I asked *you*", well we already have as the object, so we have to say "I did a question (object) *from you* (sandwich)." +If we want to use say "I asked you", well we already have as the object, so we have to say "I did a question (object) *from you* (sandwich)." {psmd([ { diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/ironing-stative.svg b/src/content/compound-verbs/ironing-stative.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5b6438 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/ironing-stative.svg @@ -0,0 +1,1091 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx b/src/content/compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx index 7329868..0aa40dd 100644 --- a/src/content/compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx +++ b/src/content/compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx @@ -2,9 +2,123 @@ title: More on Compounds --- -IN PROGRESS +import { + defaultTextOptions as opts, + Examples, + InlinePs, + RootsAndStems, + getVerbInfo, +} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector"; +import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon, PerfectiveHead, Camera, Video, Complement, BlockTerm, BlocksIcon } from "../../components/terms-links"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula"; +import EditableVPEx, { EditIcon } from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx"; +import VideoPlayer from "../../components/VideoPlayer"; +import BasicBlocks from "../../components/BasicBlocks"; +import Image from "../../components/Image"; +import helperVerbsSummaryChart from "./helper-verbs-summary-chart.svg"; +import ironingStative from "./ironing-stative.svg"; + +Once we learn about the difference between stative and dynamic compounds, a lot of confusion is removed. + +#### Dynamic Compounds + +- talk about an action/activity being done +- are made up of: + - a noun describing an action/activity + - a helper verb +- bring their own object (with transitive compounds the noun in the compound becomes the object of the phrase) +- use or other helper verbs +- you can recognize them when there's a added to + +#### Stative Compounds + +- talk about something changing (changing state) +- are made up of: + - a that describes the change + - a helper verb / +- the complement gets welded together as one block with the verb unless we're using the perfective aspect +- If the complement is a adjective or noun and has a hard ending, it usually gets squished together with the helper verb +- you will never see a added to the helper verb + +But there are a couple of special cases to watch out for which can cause more confusion for the learner. + +## Some can be dynamic or stative + +Some compounds can be used as either dynamic *or* stative compounds. For instance with the compound verb you can use it either as: + +- a stative compound + - as in "to iron \_\_\_\_" (to make \_\_\_\_ ironed) +- a dynamic compound + - as in "to do ironing" (to do the activity of ironing) + +#### استري کول as stative + +With the stative version we are using + + - as a noun. + - as "to make" + +So we are talking about making an object ironed. + + + +In the past tense, the verb will always agree with the object that's being ironed (the of the phrase). + +{ + {"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}} +} + +{ + {"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}} +} + +Also we notice that since we are using as the helper verb, there is no prefix. + +#### استري کول as dynamic + +But we can also use a dynamic version of this compound if we use + +- as an action noun/object +- as the helper verb + +Now instead of talking about making something ironed (stative), we are talking about **doing the action of ironing** + + +
استري
+
iron
+ , + }, + "+", + { + bottom: "Helper Verb", + inside:
+
کول
+
to do
+
, + }, +]} /> + +{ + {"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}} +} + +Now the object of the phrase is , so in the past tense, the verb will always agree with . Even if you add a possesor to to say what she was ironing, is *still* the object. + +{ + {"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false},"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}} +} + +{ + {"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false},"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}} +} + +#### Other examples -## Some can be Dynamic or Stative ## Generative Stative Compounds diff --git a/src/content/phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx b/src/content/phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx index 897e5d5..604f396 100644 --- a/src/content/phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx +++ b/src/content/phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx @@ -37,14 +37,12 @@ Pashto has a very special way of shortening VPVP structure we learned that there are two main actors in VPs -1. The King is an NP that controls the verb -2. The Servant is another NP +1. The King is an NP that controls the verb (subject or object) +2. The Servant is another NP (subject or object) The king and servant swap roles between the subject and object, depending on what kind of verb we're using. @@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ Or if you want to see it in our little review chart... {"VP -### The Rule +## The Rule So, now that we've reviewed the roles of **king** and **servant** all we need to know is one simple rule. @@ -77,7 +75,9 @@ This is a litle memory aid to help us remember the two things that we can do to 1. We can "kill the king" (leave out the king) 2. We can "shrink the servant" (replace the servant with a mini-pronoun) -### Example with a non-past transitive verb +## Examples + +### With a non-past transitive verb Now we can look at some examples to see how this works. Let's take a very simple sentence: @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Now if we want to make our sentence *really* short we can **kill the king** *and It's very important to remember to play by the rules. You can **kill the king** and **shrink the servant** but you cannot kill the servant or shrink the king! 🙅‍♂ (That's another mistake that Pashto learners make a lot!) -### Example with a past-tense transitive verb +### With a past-tense transitive verb Let's try another example with a past-tense transitive verb. Now the roles of **king** and **servant** will switch! But we still follow the same rules (kill the king, shrink the servant). @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ And of course we can do both **kill the king** and **shrink the servant**. Notice how our shortened sentences look completely different from the present-tense version above, but they follow the exact same two rules for shortening with the king and servant. This all feels like mental gymnastics to the learner, but Pashtuns will very casually use all these different forms of shortening depending on what they want to emphasize or the flow of conversation. -### Example with an intransitive verb +### With an intransitive verb Let's look at another example with an intransitive verb.