From 74ccec4489e693c8bc1fa43ff944d630f62b0fe4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lingdocs <71590811+lingdocs@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 26 Jul 2021 21:30:15 +0300 Subject: [PATCH] most of directional pronouns chapter --- src/content/index.js | 5 + src/content/pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx | 187 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 192 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/content/pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx diff --git a/src/content/index.js b/src/content/index.js index d265301..9cd2736 100644 --- a/src/content/index.js +++ b/src/content/index.js @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import * as sentenceStructure from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/sentence-st import * as pronounsBasic from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx"; import * as pronounsMini from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx"; +import * as directionalPronouns from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx"; import * as inflectionIntro from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-intro.mdx"; import * as inflectionPatterns from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx"; @@ -137,6 +138,10 @@ const contentTree = [ import: pronounsMini, slug: "pronouns-mini", }, + { + import: directionalPronouns, + slug: "pronouns-directional", + }, ], }, { diff --git a/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d75bb95 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +--- +title: Directional Pronouns +--- + + + +import { + defaultTextOptions as opts, + grammarUnits, + VerbTable, + Examples, + InlinePs, +} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; + +Pashto has 3 **directional pronouns** that indicate the direction that a word is focussed towards. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
PersonDirectional Pronoun
1st + {[ + { p: "را", f: "raa", e: "me, we" }, + ]} +
2nd + {[ + { p: "در", f: "dăr", e: "you, you (pl.)" }, + ]} +
3rd + {[ + { p: "ور", f: "wăr", e: "him, her, it, them" }, + ]} +
+ +## With the Verb "to give" + +There are different verbs used for "to give" depending on which direction the giving is happening. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Person ReceivingVerb
1st + +
2nd + +
3rd + +
+ +The choice of depends on **who is on the receiving end of the giving**. + +{psmd([ + { p: "ما ته کتاب **راکړه**", f: "maa ta kitáab **ráakRa**", e: "**Give** me the book." }, + { p: "مونږ ته پیسې **راکوي**", f: "moonG ta peysé **raakawee**", e: "He **gives** us money." }, + { p: "چای **درکړم**؟", f: "chaay **dărkRum**?", e: "Should I **give** you tea?" }, + { p: "تاسو ته پیسې **درکوي**.", f: "taaso ta peysé **dărkawee**.", e: "He **gives** you money." }, + { p: "دا کتاب ده ته **ورکړه**", f: "daa kitaab du ta **wărkRa**", e: "**Give** this book to him." }, + { p: "مونږ هغوي ته پیسې **ورکوو**", f: "moonG haghwee ta peyse **wărkawoo**.", e: "We **give** them money." }, +])} + +## With "to go" + +It's very common to add the directional pronouns in front of the verbs "to go" to indication which direction someone is going. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DirectionVerb
+ +
1st + +
2nd + +
3rd + +
+ +{psmd([ + { p: "هغه اوس **راځي**", f: "haghá oos **raadzée**", e: "He's **coming** now" }, + { p: "دلته **راشه**!", f: "dălta **ráasha**!", e: "**Come** here!" }, + { p: "هلته **ورشه**!", f: "hălta **wărsha**!", e: "**Go** there!" }, + { p: "زه **درځم**.", f: "zu **dărdzúm**", e: "I'm **coming** to you." }, +])} + +These directional verbs are really common when talking about someone knowing a language, because in Pashto we can say that a language "goes to" someone if they know it. + +{psmd([ + { p: "پښتو **راځي**.", f: "puxto **raadzée**.", e: "I know Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to me.)" }, + { p: "پښتو **درځي**؟", f: "puxto **dărdzée**?", e: "Do you know Pashto? (lit. Does Pashto come to you?)" }, + { p: "پښتو **ورځي**.", f: "puxto **wărdzée**.", e: "She knows Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to her.)" }, +])} + +## With other verbs + +👷‍♂️ Coming Soon ✍ + +## In Some Sandwiches + +These directional pronouns can be used instead of regular pronouns in the following sandwiches: + +- *"to"* etc. +- *"from"* , etc. +- *"with"* , etc. + +When you put these directional pronouns in these sandwiches, the first part (, ) is always left out. + +{psmd([ + { p: "ولې **را**ته ګورې؟", f: "wăle **raa**-ta góre?", e: "Why are you looking at **me/us**?" }, + { p: "**را**ته ووایه!", f: "**raa**-ta óowaaya!", e: "Tell **me/us**!" }, + { p: "**در**سره چای شته؟", f: "**dăr**-sara chaay shta?", e: "Is there tea with **you**? Do you have tea?" }, + { p: "اوبه **ور**څخه راځي.", f: "oobu **wăr**-tsukha wărdzee.", e: "Water comes from **it**." }, +])} + +## As Prefixes on Adjectives + +👷‍♂️ Coming Soon ✍ + + +