more on unisex nouns

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adueck 2024-07-18 19:36:24 -04:00
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title: Unisex Nouns title: Unisex Nouns
--- ---
import { InlinePs, defaultTextOptions as opts } from "@lingdocs/ps-react"; import { InlinePs, Examples, defaultTextOptions as opts } from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import Link from "../../components/Link"; import Link from "../../components/Link";
import GenderTable from "../../components/GenderTable"; import GenderTable from "../../components/GenderTable";
import { unisexNounGame } from "../../games/games"; import { unisexNounGame } from "../../games/games";
import GameDisplay from "../../games/GameDisplay"; import GameDisplay from "../../games/GameDisplay";
import jewLady from "./jew-lady.png";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
There are many words for people and animals in Pashto that can be used in both masculine and feminine forms. There are many words for people and animals in Pashto that can be used in both masculine and feminine forms.
@ -228,3 +230,156 @@ See <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">patt
/> />
<GameDisplay record={unisexNounGame} /> <GameDisplay record={unisexNounGame} />
## Special Feminine Forms of Nouns
Gender is very important in Pashto. But there are also a lot of loan words and other words that don't fit into these five patterns. In these cases, Pashto speakers have come up a bunch of interesting ways to make masculine nouns feminine.
### The feminine ending ـڼه - úNa
Some words add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـڼه", f: "úNa" }} /> on the end to make the noun into a feminine version
<GenderTable
rows={[
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "یهودي",
f: "yahoodée",
e: "a male Jew",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "یهودڼه",
f: "yahoodúNa",
e: "a female Jew",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "هندو",
f: "hindóo",
e: "a male Hindu",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "هندوڼه",
f: "hindwúNa",
e: "a female Hindu",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "نايي",
f: "naayée",
e: "male barber",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "نایڼه",
f: "naayúNa",
e: "female hairdresser or barber's wife",
},
},
},
]}
/>
Note: Many people also say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "هندوه", f: "hindúwa", e: "a female Hindu" }} />.
<div style={{ margin: "0 auto 2rem auto" }}>
<img src={jewLady} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
</div>
[Here](https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=432951198248913&id=105566187654084) we can see this form being used to describe a Jewish woman.
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([{
p: "وروستۍ افغانه **یهودڼه** له هېواده ووته",
f: "wroostúy afgháana **yahoodúNa** la hewaada óowata",
e: "The last Afghan **(female) Jew** left the country",
}])}
</Examples>
Notice how the adjectives <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وروستۍ", f: "wroostúy", e: "last" }} />
and <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "افغانه", f: "afgháana", e: "Afghan" }} /> are both inflected in their plain, _female_ forms.
### Changing the ending to ۍ - úy
Long vowels at the ends of words can sometimes be changed to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ۍ", f: "úy" }} /> to make a noun feminine.
<GenderTable
rows={[
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "بوډا",
f: "booDáa",
e: "old man 👴🏼",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "بوډۍ",
f: "booDúy",
e: "old woman 👵🏻",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "ملا",
f: "mUláa",
e: "mullah",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "ملۍ",
f: "mUlúy",
e: "said jokingly to call someone a female mullah - not possible in Islam",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "قاضي",
f: "qaazée",
e: "male judge 👨🏻‍⚖️",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "قاضۍ",
f: "qaazúy",
e: "female judge 👩🏻‍⚖️",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "قاري",
f: "qaaree",
e: "male Quran reciter",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "قارۍ",
f: "qaarúy",
e: "female Quran reciter",
},
},
},
]}
/>