more on unisex nouns

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adueck 2024-07-18 19:36:24 -04:00
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title: Unisex Nouns
---
import { InlinePs, defaultTextOptions as opts } from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import { InlinePs, Examples, defaultTextOptions as opts } from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
import GenderTable from "../../components/GenderTable";
import { unisexNounGame } from "../../games/games";
import GameDisplay from "../../games/GameDisplay";
import jewLady from "./jew-lady.png";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
There are many words for people and animals in Pashto that can be used in both masculine and feminine forms.
@ -228,3 +230,156 @@ See <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">patt
/>
<GameDisplay record={unisexNounGame} />
## Special Feminine Forms of Nouns
Gender is very important in Pashto. But there are also a lot of loan words and other words that don't fit into these five patterns. In these cases, Pashto speakers have come up a bunch of interesting ways to make masculine nouns feminine.
### The feminine ending ـڼه - úNa
Some words add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـڼه", f: "úNa" }} /> on the end to make the noun into a feminine version
<GenderTable
rows={[
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "یهودي",
f: "yahoodée",
e: "a male Jew",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "یهودڼه",
f: "yahoodúNa",
e: "a female Jew",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "هندو",
f: "hindóo",
e: "a male Hindu",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "هندوڼه",
f: "hindwúNa",
e: "a female Hindu",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "نايي",
f: "naayée",
e: "male barber",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "نایڼه",
f: "naayúNa",
e: "female hairdresser or barber's wife",
},
},
},
]}
/>
Note: Many people also say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "هندوه", f: "hindúwa", e: "a female Hindu" }} />.
<div style={{ margin: "0 auto 2rem auto" }}>
<img src={jewLady} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
</div>
[Here](https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=432951198248913&id=105566187654084) we can see this form being used to describe a Jewish woman.
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([{
p: "وروستۍ افغانه **یهودڼه** له هېواده ووته",
f: "wroostúy afgháana **yahoodúNa** la hewaada óowata",
e: "The last Afghan **(female) Jew** left the country",
}])}
</Examples>
Notice how the adjectives <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وروستۍ", f: "wroostúy", e: "last" }} />
and <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "افغانه", f: "afgháana", e: "Afghan" }} /> are both inflected in their plain, _female_ forms.
### Changing the ending to ۍ - úy
Long vowels at the ends of words can sometimes be changed to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ۍ", f: "úy" }} /> to make a noun feminine.
<GenderTable
rows={[
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "بوډا",
f: "booDáa",
e: "old man 👴🏼",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "بوډۍ",
f: "booDúy",
e: "old woman 👵🏻",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "ملا",
f: "mUláa",
e: "mullah",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "ملۍ",
f: "mUlúy",
e: "said jokingly to call someone a female mullah - not possible in Islam",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "قاضي",
f: "qaazée",
e: "male judge 👨🏻‍⚖️",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "قاضۍ",
f: "qaazúy",
e: "female judge 👩🏻‍⚖️",
},
},
},
{
masc: {
ex: {
p: "قاري",
f: "qaaree",
e: "male Quran reciter",
},
},
fem: {
ex: {
p: "قارۍ",
f: "qaarúy",
e: "female Quran reciter",
},
},
},
]}
/>