more on unisex nouns
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title: Unisex Nouns
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---
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import { InlinePs, defaultTextOptions as opts } from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
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import { InlinePs, Examples, defaultTextOptions as opts } from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
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import Link from "../../components/Link";
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import GenderTable from "../../components/GenderTable";
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import { unisexNounGame } from "../../games/games";
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import GameDisplay from "../../games/GameDisplay";
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import jewLady from "./jew-lady.png";
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import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
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There are many words for people and animals in Pashto that can be used in both masculine and feminine forms.
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@ -228,3 +230,156 @@ See <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">patt
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/>
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<GameDisplay record={unisexNounGame} />
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## Special Feminine Forms of Nouns
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Gender is very important in Pashto. But there are also a lot of loan words and other words that don't fit into these five patterns. In these cases, Pashto speakers have come up a bunch of interesting ways to make masculine nouns feminine.
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### The feminine ending ـڼه - úNa
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Some words add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـڼه", f: "úNa" }} /> on the end to make the noun into a feminine version
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<GenderTable
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rows={[
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "یهودي",
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f: "yahoodée",
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e: "a male Jew",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "یهودڼه",
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f: "yahoodúNa",
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e: "a female Jew",
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},
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},
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},
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "هندو",
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f: "hindóo",
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e: "a male Hindu",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "هندوڼه",
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f: "hindwúNa",
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e: "a female Hindu",
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},
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},
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},
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "نايي",
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f: "naayée",
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e: "male barber",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "نایڼه",
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f: "naayúNa",
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e: "female hairdresser or barber's wife",
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},
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},
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},
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]}
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/>
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Note: Many people also say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "هندوه", f: "hindúwa", e: "a female Hindu" }} />.
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<div style={{ margin: "0 auto 2rem auto" }}>
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<img src={jewLady} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
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</div>
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[Here](https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=432951198248913&id=105566187654084) we can see this form being used to describe a Jewish woman.
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<Examples opts={opts}>
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{psmd([{
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p: "وروستۍ افغانه **یهودڼه** له هېواده ووته",
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f: "wroostúy afgháana **yahoodúNa** la hewaada óowata",
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e: "The last Afghan **(female) Jew** left the country",
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}])}
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</Examples>
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Notice how the adjectives <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وروستۍ", f: "wroostúy", e: "last" }} />
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and <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "افغانه", f: "afgháana", e: "Afghan" }} /> are both inflected in their plain, _female_ forms.
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### Changing the ending to ۍ - úy
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Long vowels at the ends of words can sometimes be changed to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ۍ", f: "úy" }} /> to make a noun feminine.
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<GenderTable
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rows={[
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "بوډا",
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f: "booDáa",
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e: "old man 👴🏼",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "بوډۍ",
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f: "booDúy",
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e: "old woman 👵🏻",
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},
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},
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},
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "ملا",
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f: "mUláa",
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e: "mullah",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "ملۍ",
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f: "mUlúy",
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e: "said jokingly to call someone a female mullah - not possible in Islam",
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},
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},
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},
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "قاضي",
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f: "qaazée",
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e: "male judge 👨🏻⚖️",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "قاضۍ",
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f: "qaazúy",
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e: "female judge 👩🏻⚖️",
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},
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},
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},
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{
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masc: {
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ex: {
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p: "قاري",
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f: "qaaree",
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e: "male Quran reciter",
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},
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},
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fem: {
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ex: {
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p: "قارۍ",
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f: "qaarúy",
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e: "female Quran reciter",
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},
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},
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},
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]}
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/>
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