diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index 74b697e..873f734 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ "private": true, "dependencies": { "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.2", - "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^0.8.1", + "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^0.8.3", "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^4.2.4", "@testing-library/react": "^9.3.2", "@testing-library/user-event": "^7.1.2", diff --git a/src/components/formula/Formula.js b/src/components/formula/Formula.js index 6a9c1b7..7f78d31 100644 --- a/src/components/formula/Formula.js +++ b/src/components/formula/Formula.js @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ function Formula(props) { return (
- 🧪 Formula: + 🧪 {props.name ? props.name : ""} Formula:
{props.children}
diff --git a/src/content/index.js b/src/content/index.js index b0a4ca1..e7e8a49 100644 --- a/src/content/index.js +++ b/src/content/index.js @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import * as verbsIntro from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/verbs-intro.mdx"; import * as presentVerbs from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/present-verbs.mdx"; import * as subjunctiveVerbs from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/subjunctive-verbs.mdx"; import * as futureVerbs from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/future-verbs.mdx"; +import * as imperativeVerbs from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx"; import * as verbEndings from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-endings.mdx"; import * as rootsAndStems from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx"; import * as sentenceStructure from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/sentence-structure.mdx"; @@ -106,6 +107,10 @@ const contentTree = [ import: futureVerbs, slug: "future-verbs", }, + { + import: imperativeVerbs, + slug: "imperative-verbs", + }, { import: verbEndings, slug: "verb-endings", diff --git a/src/content/verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx b/src/content/verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3259a2b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +--- +title: Imperative +--- + +import { + defaultTextOptions as opts, + Examples, + InlinePs, + removeFVariants, + ConjugationViewer, +} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector"; +import psmd from "../../lib/psmd"; +import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel"; +import Link from "../../components/Link"; +import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula"; +import verbs from "../../words/verbs"; +import shuffleArray from "../../lib/shuffle-array"; +import imperfectiveImperative from "./imperfective-imperative.svg"; +import perfectiveImperative from "./perfective-imperative.svg"; + +The imperative form is used for **giving commands** (telling people to do things). + +There are two forms of the imperative: + +1. Imperfective Imperative +2. Perfective Imperative + +export const basicVerbs = verbs.filter((v) => !v.entry.c?.includes("gramm. trans.")); + +## Imperfective Imperative + + + Imperfective Stem + Imperative Ending + + +The **imperfective imperative** is used when you want to tell someone to something repeatedly, in general, or if you're wanting them to get going on action that will be ongoing. + +
+ +
+ +## Perfective Imperative + + + Perfective Stem + Imperative Ending + + +The **perfective imperative** is used when you want to tell someone to do something is a one time, complete action. You are not thinking of the action as a process or as something that will be repeated, you are just telling the person to *get the action done*. + +
+ +
+ + { + return { + title: , + body:
+ +
, + }; +}}/> + +## Using Imperatives + +For Pashto learners, having a choice between the perfective and imperfective imperatives is *not* something we are accustomed to. And so, it takes a lot of time to get used to the difference, and to choose the right form while speaking. + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
Imperfective
+
w/ imperfective stem
+ 		+
Perfective
+
w/ perfective stem
+
+ {psmd([ + { + p: "وریژې **خوره**", + f: "wreejze **khorá**", + e: "Eat rice", + sub: "(in general, it's good for you)", + }, + ])} + + {psmd([ + { + p: "وریژې **وخوره**", + f: "wreejze **óokhora**", + e: "Eat rice", + sub: "(one time)", + }, + ])} +
+ {psmd([ + { + p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **لېږه**!", + f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **leGá**!", + e: "Send me pictures of the village!", + sub: "(send me pictures every once and awhile)", + }, + ])} + + {psmd([ + { + p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **ولېږه**!", + f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **óoleGa**!", + e: "Send me pictures of the village!", + sub: "(send me a bunch of pictures in one clump, at one time)", + }, + ])} +
+ {psmd([ + { + p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**", + f: "taaso halta **kenéyy**", + e: "You sit there", + sub: "(in general, whenever you come)" + }, + ])} + + {psmd([ + { + p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**", + f: "taaso halta **kéneyy**", + e: "You sit there", + sub: "(one time, in one instance sit)" + }, + ])} +
+
+ +Notice how the in the perfective form *the accent is always on the front* because it's based on the perfective stem. + +### Singular and Plural + +You will notice there are only two imperative endings: + + - - used for addressing a singular 2nd person + - - used for addressing a plural 2nd person , either because you're talking to a group of people, or you're being extra respectful with one person. + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SingularPlural
+ {psmd([ + { p: "ته راځه!", f: "tu raadzá!", e: "You come!" } + ])} + + {psmd([ + { p: "تاسو راځئ!", f: "taaso radzéyy!", e: "You (pl.) come!" }, + ])} +
+
+ +## Negative Imperatives + +**In the negative form of commands** (ie. *"Don't ____"*), **the aspect choice dissapears**. There is no imperfective/perfective option with negative imperatives, there's only one form. + + + + Imperfective Stem + Imperative Ending + + +With this form, you can't specify whether you're talking about about the action in a perfective or imperfective way. You're just saying "don't do it!", either one time or in general. + +{[ + { p: "مه راځه!", f: "má raadza", e: "Don't come!" }, + { p: "وریژې مه خوره!", f: "wreejze má khora!", e: "Don't eat rice!" }, + { p: "عکسونه راته مه لېږه!", f: "aksoona raa-ta má leGa!", e: "Don't send me pictures!" }, + { p: "تاسو هلته مه کېنئ!", f: "taaso halta má keneyy!", e: "Don't sit there!" }, +]} + +Just like with the negative particle that we used with other verb forms, the negative marker also takes over the accent of the verb. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/content/verbs/imperfective-imperative.svg b/src/content/verbs/imperfective-imperative.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..731cd85 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/verbs/imperfective-imperative.svg @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/verbs/imperfective-imperative.svg:Zone.Identifier b/src/content/verbs/imperfective-imperative.svg:Zone.Identifier new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/src/content/verbs/perfective-imperative.svg b/src/content/verbs/perfective-imperative.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edd923f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/verbs/perfective-imperative.svg @@ -0,0 +1,423 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/src/content/verbs/perfective-imperative.svg:Zone.Identifier b/src/content/verbs/perfective-imperative.svg:Zone.Identifier new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock index 522da5d..c8ebbd7 100644 --- a/yarn.lock +++ b/yarn.lock @@ -1554,10 +1554,10 @@ "@types/yargs" "^15.0.0" chalk "^4.0.0" -"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector@^0.8.1": - version "0.8.1" - resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fpashto-inflector/-/pashto-inflector-0.8.1.tgz#5d8e4beca36f979b95fd323f879fffbdd6ffe32e" - integrity sha512-9jbWKrZbPil9xllprLGNjo9L7DOXGYf7ds/zr84xgleSGgsu3ih0mUw/+4ou0tS8ZcdM4RPxq0NkWphjbdBoGA== +"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector@^0.8.3": + version "0.8.3" + resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fpashto-inflector/-/pashto-inflector-0.8.3.tgz#427cf38a2c8ae81a65dc8bd0d65445d317e8ad36" + integrity sha512-+8S5fEiJo3fC2/gp+IP09j3NZNBc5NuCV5FOWAGINEmg8NBKDVMa1gXnmuca6nVQsV2G4ZTk3UJyLwizq1RzDg== dependencies: classnames "^2.2.6" pbf "^3.2.1"