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diff --git a/src/components/formula/Formula.js b/src/components/formula/Formula.js
index cae95b1..6a9c1b7 100644
--- a/src/components/formula/Formula.js
+++ b/src/components/formula/Formula.js
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import React from "react";
function Formula(props) {
return (
-
🧪 Formula:
-
- {props.children}
-
+
+ 🧪 Formula:
+
+ {props.children}
)
// return (
diff --git a/src/content/index.js b/src/content/index.js
index 7c02288..4bfabdd 100644
--- a/src/content/index.js
+++ b/src/content/index.js
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ import * as inflectionIntro from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/inflecti
import * as inflectionPatterns from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx";
import * as feminineInflection from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./inflection/feminine-inflection.mdx";
+import * as theFiveYeys from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
+
const contentTree = [
{
import: intro,
@@ -139,6 +141,16 @@ const contentTree = [
},
],
},
+ {
+ heading: "Writing",
+ subdirectory: "writing",
+ chapters: [
+ {
+ import: theFiveYeys,
+ slug: "the-five-yeys",
+ },
+ ],
+ },
];
export const content = contentTree.map((item) => {
diff --git a/src/content/writing/the-five-yeys.mdx b/src/content/writing/the-five-yeys.mdx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bf2f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/content/writing/the-five-yeys.mdx
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+---
+title: The Five ی's
+---
+
+import {
+ defaultTextOptions as opts,
+ Examples,
+ InlinePs,
+} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
+import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
+import Link from "../../components/Link";
+
+The five ی letters () are a very important part of Pashto spelling. Unfortunately, because they are often misused, there can be a lot of confusion for readers and learners of the Pashto language.
+
+## Standard Afghan Pashto Spelling
+
+Below are the five ی's as they are used in most dictionaries, written material, and in education and official language in Afghanistan. Click to hear the sound of each letter.
+
+
+
+
+
Letter
+
Phonetics
+
IPA Approx.
+
+
+
+
document.getElementById("ey").play()}>
+
ی
+
ey
+
ai
+
+
document.getElementById("e").play()}>
+
ې
+
e
+
e
+
+
document.getElementById("ee").play()}>
+
ي
+
ee
+
i
+
+
document.getElementById("uy").play()}>
+
ۍ
+
uy
+
əj
+
+
document.getElementById("eyy").play()}>
+
ئ
+
eyy
+
ɛ̝j
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Now let's take a look at each letter, and where it's used:
+
+### ی - ey
+
+#### Names:
+
+ -
+ -
+ -
+
+#### Used in:
+
+- the end of *masculine singular* nouns, adjectives, and participles
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+- the middle of words
+ -
+ -
+- the non-inflecting tail in modal verbs
+ -
+ -
+
+**Note:** This letter is also used as "y" sound (second part of a dipthong) after long vowels at the end of words. For example:
+
+ -
+ -
+
+### ې - e
+
+#### Names:
+
+-
+
+#### Used in:
+
+- the end of feminine nouns, adjectives, and participles
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+- the end of the second person singular verbs and equatives
+ -
+ -
+ -
+- the end of third person feminine plural past-tense verbs
+ -
+- the end of particles, mini-pronouns, and sandwiches
+ -
+ -
+ -
+- the middle of words
+ -
+ -
+
+### ي - ee
+
+#### Names:
+
+ -
+ -
+
+#### Used in:
+
+- the end of feminine words or non-inflecting adjectives
+ -
+ -
+- the end of third person verbs
+ -
+ -
+- the end of inflected masculine nouns, adjectives, and participles
+ -
+ -
+- the middle of words
+ -
+ -
+
+### ۍ - uy
+
+#### Names:
+
+ -
+ -
+ -
+
+#### Used in:
+
+- the end of feminine nouns and adjectives
+ -
+ -
+ -
+
+**Note**: This is only used in nouns and adjectives when the accent is on the last syllable.
+
+### ئ - eyy
+
+#### Names:
+
+ -
+ -
+
+#### Used in:
+
+- the end of second person plural verbs and equatives
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+
+## Some Important Notes
+
+#### The ۍ vs. ئ confusion
+
+Because the and sound so similar (and in some dialects may be identical in pronunciation) people often confuse them in writing. To avoid this confustion it's important to remember this *very simple rule*: ⚖
+
+ - is only used for 2nd person plural verb endings
+ - is only used at the end of feminine nouns and adjectives
+
+#### The ـئـ in loan-words
+
+You will also see the ئ letter *in the middle* of some loan words where it indicates a glottal stop or "y" connecting sound, for example:
+
+ -
+ -
+
+#### The ـیـ in the middle of words
+
+When you write a ی or a ي, they both appear as a ـیـ in the middle of words. So when you see a ـیـ it can be either:
+
+- a "ey" sound
+- a "ee" sound
+- a "y" sound
+
+This can lead to confusion when typing or searching for things online. For example when typing the word should you use a ی or a ي in the middle of the word? 🤷♂️ Does it matter? Both look exactly the same, but when you type ctrl + f and try to search for it, it makes a big difference! Try it on these words:
+
+- مینه (spelled with ی)
+- مينه (spelled with ي)
+
+It seems most common to always **use ی when typing in the middle of words**, to avoid confusion. This seems to be the most common practice, but it's not always the case. If you use [qamosona.com](https://qamosona.com/), for example, you will find that the middle of words are often spelled with a ي and so you will need to keep that in mind and use ي in the middle when searching.
+
+#### ی vs. ى
+
+Depending on the keyboard used, you might get one of two basically identical looking versions of ی. This can cause massive confusion when search for words. 😖
+
+- ی Farsi Yeh ([unicode 06CC](https://unicode-table.com/en/06CC/)) 👍 ✔
+- ى Alef Maksura ([unicode 0649](https://unicode-table.com/en/0649/)) 👎 ❌
+
+Make sure you don't have a bad keyboard ⌨🙅♂️ that uses the Alef Maksura ى! To check, you can go to [this site](https://unicode-table.com/en/) and type a ی to see which one you're using.
+
+## Writing Systems in Pakistan
+
+export const highlight = { background: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)" };
+
+In Pakistan there have been a number of different systems used for writing the Pashto ی's. Unfortunately, there has been a lot of changing and mixing between these various systems. This, along with a lack of Pashto literacy has led to massive confusion and inconsitencies in Pashto spelling in Pakistan.
+
+Here's a chart of 3 different systems used in Pakistan, with the differences from Standard Afghan spelling highlighted.
+
+### Comparison Chart
+
+
+
+
+
+
Standard
+
Phonetics
+
Pakistani w ي
+
Pakistani w ی
+
Old Pakistani
+
+
+
+
document.getElementById("ey").play()}>
+
ی
+
ey
+
ے
+
ے
+
ے
+
+
document.getElementById("e").play()}>
+
ې
+
e
+
ې
+
ې
+
ے
+
+
document.getElementById("ee").play()}>
+
ي
+
ee
+
ي
+
ی
+
ی
+
+
document.getElementById("uy").play()}>
+
ۍ
+
uy
+
ۍ
+
ۍ
+
ئ
+
+
document.getElementById("eyy").play()}>
+
ئ
+
eyy
+
ئ
+
ئ
+
ئ
+
+
+
+
+
+##### Pakistani with ي
+
+This is used by the [Pashto Academy of Peshawer University](http://khyber.org/pacademy/#) and in many current publications. The only big difference from standard Afghan spelling is that for the "ey" sound the Urdu ے letter is used instead of ی.
+
+##### Pakistani with ی
+
+This is used in [Speaking Pakistani Pukhto](https://www.speakingpashto.com) and in much written material in Pakistan. This system differs more from standard Afghan spelling because in addition to the Urdu ے being used, the ی is used for "ee" instead.
+
+##### Old Pakistani
+
+This system was used in older writings and only uses three ی letters (ے، ی، ئ) which are used for different sounds.
+
+### The use of ئ in Pakistan
+
+#### In the middle of words
+
+Earlier we noted that ـئـ shows up in the middle of loan words, but in Pakistan they often use it as a "y" transition before a long "ee" sound in other Pashto words as well. For example:
+
+
+
+
+
Afghanistan
+
Pakistan
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#### At the end of words/dipthongs
+
+Instead of the ی at the end of long-vowel dipthongs, the letter ئ is used in Pakistan.
+
+