nouns and gender
This commit is contained in:
lingdocs
parent
94a73a1ad5
commit
4562df34dd
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
|
|||
"private": true,
|
||||
"dependencies": {
|
||||
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.2",
|
||||
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^0.3.3",
|
||||
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector": "^0.3.5",
|
||||
"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^4.2.4",
|
||||
"@testing-library/react": "^9.3.2",
|
||||
"@testing-library/user-event": "^7.1.2",
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import * as presentEquative from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./equatives/present-e
|
|||
import * as subjunctiveHabitualEquative from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./equatives/subjunctive-habitual-equative.mdx";
|
||||
import * as otherEquatives from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./equatives/other-equatives.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
import * as nounsGender from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-gender.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
import * as verbEndings from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-endings.mdx";
|
||||
import * as rootsAndStems from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx";
|
||||
import * as sentenceStructure from "!babel-loader!mdx-loader!./verbs/sentence-structure.mdx";
|
||||
|
|
@ -45,6 +47,16 @@ const contentTree = [
|
|||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
heading: "Nouns",
|
||||
subdirectory: "nouns",
|
||||
chapters: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
import: nounsGender,
|
||||
slug: "nouns-gender",
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
heading: "Verbs",
|
||||
subdirectory: "verbs",
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: Nouns and Gender
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||
InlinePs,
|
||||
Examples,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/pashto-inflector";
|
||||
export const femColor = "#FFECEF"
|
||||
export const mascColor = "#C1D5F4";
|
||||
|
||||
export const Masc = () => (
|
||||
<span style={{ backgroundColor: mascColor }}>masculine</span>
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
export const Fem = () => (
|
||||
<span style={{ backgroundColor: femColor }}>feminine</span>
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
All nouns in Pashto are either <Masc /> or <Fem />. Thankfully, you can pretty much always tell the gender of a word by its ending.
|
||||
|
||||
## Gender by Ending
|
||||
|
||||
Basically:
|
||||
|
||||
- if a noun ends in a *consonant* (including ی - y at the end), it's <Masc />
|
||||
- if a noun ends in a *vowel*, it's <Fem />
|
||||
|
||||
Well... almost. 😉 There are a few exceptions and it's a little more complicated than that.
|
||||
|
||||
export function GenderTable({ rows }) {
|
||||
return <table className="table" style={{ tableLayout: "fixed" }}>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<th scope="col">Masculine</th>
|
||||
<th scope="col">Feminine</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
{rows.map((row, i) => (
|
||||
<tr key={`gender-row${i}`}>
|
||||
{["masc", "fem"].map((gender) => {
|
||||
const item = row[gender];
|
||||
return <td key={`row-${i}-${gender}`} style={{ background: gender === "masc" ? mascColor : femColor }}>
|
||||
{item.ending && <div>
|
||||
{typeof item.ending === "string" ? item.ending
|
||||
: <InlinePs opts={opts}>{item.ending}</InlinePs>}
|
||||
</div>}
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
{item.ending ? "eg. " : ""}<InlinePs opts={opts}>{item.ex}</InlinePs>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
})}
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
))}
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
<GenderTable rows={[
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ending: "any consonant",
|
||||
ex: { p: "کور", f: "kor", e: "house" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ه", f: "a" },
|
||||
ex: { p: "ښځه", f: "xudza", e: "woman" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ی", f: "ey" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ا", f: "aa" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"جزا", f:"jăzaa", e:"punishment"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ای", f: "aay" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"ځای", f:"dzaay", e:"place"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ي", f: "ee" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"دوستي", f:"dostee", e:"friendship"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ه", f: "u" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"واده", f:"waadu", e:"marriage"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ۍ", f: "uy" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"هګۍ", f:"haguy", e:"egg"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ending: { p:"و", f: "aw" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"کنډو", f:"kanDáw", e:"crack"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "و", f: "o" },
|
||||
ex: { p:"پښتو", f:"puxto", e:"Pashto" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "وی", f: "ooy" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"سوی", f:"sooy", e:"rabbit"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ending: { p: "ې", f: "e" },
|
||||
ex: {p:"ملګرې", f:"malgure", e:"female friend"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
Words ending in <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"و", f:"oo"}} /> can be either <Masc /> or <Fem />.
|
||||
|
||||
Words ending in <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ه", f: "u" }} /> can also be <Fem /> plural, as in <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "اوبه", f: "oobu", e: "water" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
## Exceptions
|
||||
|
||||
### Feminine words that lost their <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ه", f: "a" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
Some <Fem /> words have had their <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"ه", f:"a"}} />'s on the end chopped off. This makes them look like masculine nouns, but actually the do behave (and get inflected) just like other feminine nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"لار", f:"laar", e:"road/way"}} /> ends in a consanant, but it's feminine. 🤔 Why? It's just that the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"ه", f:"a"}} /> on the end is usually left out. For the singular/plain form the word, you will hear people say either <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"لار", f:"laar" }} /> or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"لاره", f:"laara" }} />, sometimes with or without the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"ه", f:"a"}} /> on the end. But regardless, the word is always considered <Fem />, and it inflects just like any other feminine word ending with an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"ه", f:"a"}} />. (eg. <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"لارې", f:"laare", e: "roads" }} />)
|
||||
|
||||
Here are a few other <Fem /> words that have lost their <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"ه", f:"a"}} /> ending:
|
||||
|
||||
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"څنګل", f:"tsangúl", e: "elbow" }} />
|
||||
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"غېږ", f:"gheG", e:"bosom"}} />
|
||||
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"میاشت", f:"miyaasht", e:"month"}} />
|
||||
|
||||
### Words for people
|
||||
|
||||
Some words are used to describe people who obviously have a gender and they *totally break or ignore the rules we saw above*. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<GenderTable rows={[
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: { p: "بندي", f: "bandee", e: "prisoner" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: { p: "مور", f: "mor", e: "mother" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p:"مېلمه", f:"melmá", e:"guest (male)"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "ترور", f:"tror", e: "aunt" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "ماما", f:"maamáa", e: "uncle" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: { p: "خور", f: "khor", e: "sister" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "بوډا", f: "booDáa", e: "old man" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "بوډۍ", f: "booDúy", e: "old woman" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
But many other words for people will change and follow the rules for their masculine and feminine forms...
|
||||
|
||||
<GenderTable rows={[
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: { p: "ډاکټر", f: "DakTár", e: "male doctor 👨⚕️" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: { p: "ډاکټره", f: "DakTára", e: "female doctor 👩⚕️" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p:"نرس", f:"nurs", e:"male nurse"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "نرسه", f:"nursa", e: "female nurse" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "ښوونکی", f:"xowunkey", e: "male teacher 👨🏫" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: { p: "ښوونکې", f: "xowunke", e: "female teacher 👩🏫" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "لمسی", f: "lmaséy", e: "grandson 👦"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "لمسۍ", f: "lmasúy", e: "granddaughter 👧"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
|
@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@
|
|||
"@types/yargs" "^15.0.0"
|
||||
chalk "^4.0.0"
|
||||
|
||||
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector@^0.3.3":
|
||||
"@lingdocs/pashto-inflector@^0.3.5":
|
||||
version "0.3.5"
|
||||
resolved "https://npm.lingdocs.com/@lingdocs%2fpashto-inflector/-/pashto-inflector-0.3.5.tgz#c6e99e807d38addf61aed93997c95eafde6bb2ab"
|
||||
integrity sha512-m8IzUE+gxLcI/Cyu7iLEx+R65juaHmztJFMtsAP33mfyOseBq0ZTD8xC9CjRz/n8PvIPFcy+lpYrTcaBd0cPvQ==
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue