migrate to vite
This commit is contained in:
adueck
parent
450980d982
commit
1c1fb54a36
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@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
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# See https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/ for more about ignoring files.
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/src/words/raw-words.ts
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# dependencies
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/node_modules
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/.pnp
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.pnp.js
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# testing
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/coverage
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# production
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/build
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# misc
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.DS_Store
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.env.local
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.env.development.local
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.env.test.local
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.env.production.local
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# Logs
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logs
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*.log
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npm-debug.log*
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yarn-debug.log*
|
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yarn-error.log*
|
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pnpm-debug.log*
|
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lerna-debug.log*
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|
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node_modules
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dist
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dist-ssr
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*.local
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|
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# Editor directories and files
|
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.vscode/*
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!.vscode/extensions.json
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.idea
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.DS_Store
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*.suo
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*.ntvs*
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*.njsproj
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*.sln
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*.sw?
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|
|
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/favicon.ico" />
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<link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon.ico" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
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<meta
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@ -10,19 +10,19 @@
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content="A Pashto grammar reference with interactive examples and quizzes"
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/>
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#1965bd" />
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/apple-touch-icon.png">
|
||||
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/favicon-32x32.png">
|
||||
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/favicon-16x16.png">
|
||||
<link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" />
|
||||
<link rel="mask-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#1965bd">
|
||||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/icons/apple-touch-icon.png">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/icons/favicon-32x32.png">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/icons/favicon-16x16.png">
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<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" />
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<link rel="mask-icon" href="/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#1965bd">
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<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c">
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||||
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/mstile-144x144.png">
|
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<link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" />
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<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/icons/mstile-144x144.png">
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<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" />
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="LingDocs Pashto Grammar"/>
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<meta property="og:title" content="LingDocs Pashto Grammar">
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<meta property="og:description" content="A Pashto grammar reference with interactive examples and quizzes. Includes clear and simple explanations of past tense, ergativity, and inflection. Interactive examples and games encourage mastery of the grammar concepts.">
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<meta property="og:image" content="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
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<meta property="og:image" content="/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://grammar.lingdocs.com/">
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<meta property="og:author" content="lingdocs.com">
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<meta property="og:type" content="website">
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@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="LingDocs Pashto Grammar" />
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<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@lingdocs" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="A Pashto grammar reference with interactive examples and quizzes">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
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<title>LingDocs Pashto Grammar</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
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<div id="root"></div>
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<script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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[build]
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command = "node scripts/get-words.js && yarn build"
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publish = "build/"
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command = "yarn build"
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publish = "dist/"
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5
notes
5
notes
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
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adjectives can be used like nouns
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وبخښه، ته **استرحات** وې
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زه **عادت** یم
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125
package.json
125
package.json
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@ -1,81 +1,66 @@
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{
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"name": "lingdocs-grammar",
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"version": "0.1.0",
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"private": true,
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"name": "lingdocs-pashto-grammar",
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"version": "0.0.0",
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"homepage": "https://grammar.lingdocs.com",
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"dependencies": {
|
||||
"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
|
||||
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4",
|
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"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3",
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"@lingdocs/ps-react": "^5.5.1",
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||||
"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4",
|
||||
"@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0",
|
||||
"@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10",
|
||||
"@types/cron": "^1.7.3",
|
||||
"@types/react-router-dom": "^5.3.1",
|
||||
"algoliasearch": "^4.14.1",
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"bootstrap": "4.5.3",
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"classnames": "^2.3.1",
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"cron": "^1.8.2",
|
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"fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
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"froebel": "^0.21.3",
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||||
"lokijs": "^1.5.12",
|
||||
"markdown-to-jsx": "^7.1.3",
|
||||
"react": "^17.0.2",
|
||||
"react-bootstrap": "^1.6.4",
|
||||
"react-countdown-circle-timer": "^3.0.9",
|
||||
"react-dom": "^17.0.2",
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||||
"react-ga": "^3.3.0",
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||||
"react-instantsearch-dom": "^6.30.2",
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||||
"react-media": "^1.10.0",
|
||||
"react-player": "^2.10.1",
|
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"react-rewards": "^1.1.2",
|
||||
"react-router-dom": "^5.3.0",
|
||||
"react-router-hash-link": "^2.4.3",
|
||||
"react-scripts": "4.0.3",
|
||||
"react-scrollspy": "^3.4.3",
|
||||
"react-select": "^5.1.0",
|
||||
"react-smooth-collapse": "^2.1.0",
|
||||
"react-swipeable": "^6.2.0",
|
||||
"unist-util-visit": "^4.1.0",
|
||||
"web-vitals": "^1.0.1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"type": "module",
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"scripts": {
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"dev": "vite",
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"dev-w-user": "REACT_APP_ENV=dev vite",
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"build": "yarn get-words && tsc && vite build",
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"preview": "vite preview",
|
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"infup": "yarn upgrade @lingdocs/ps-react --latest",
|
||||
"bump-dep": "yarn install && git add . && git commit -m up && git push origin master",
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||||
"start": "react-scripts start",
|
||||
"start-w-user": "REACT_APP_ENV=dev react-scripts start",
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"build": "react-scripts build",
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"test": "react-scripts test",
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"eject": "react-scripts eject",
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"get-words": "node scripts/get-words.js"
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},
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"eslintConfig": {
|
||||
"extends": [
|
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"react-app",
|
||||
"react-app/jest"
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||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
"browserslist": {
|
||||
"production": [
|
||||
">0.2%",
|
||||
"not dead",
|
||||
"not op_mini all"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"development": [
|
||||
"last 1 chrome version",
|
||||
"last 1 firefox version",
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||||
"last 1 safari version"
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||||
]
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||||
"dependencies": {
|
||||
"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.6",
|
||||
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "5.15.4",
|
||||
"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3",
|
||||
"@lingdocs/ps-react": "^5.7.13",
|
||||
"@mdx-js/rollup": "^2.2.1",
|
||||
"@stefanprobst/rehype-extract-toc": "^2.2.0",
|
||||
"@types/mdx": "^2.0.3",
|
||||
"bootstrap": "4.5.3",
|
||||
"classnames": "^2.3.2",
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||||
"cron": "^2.2.0",
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||||
"fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
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||||
"froebel": "^0.23.2",
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||||
"lokijs": "^1.5.12",
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||||
"markdown-to-jsx": "^7.1.9",
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||||
"react": "^18.2.0",
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||||
"react-bootstrap": "1.6.4",
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||||
"react-countdown-circle-timer": "3.0.9",
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||||
"react-dom": "^18.2.0",
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||||
"react-ga": "3.3.0",
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||||
"react-media": "1",
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||||
"react-player": "2.10.1",
|
||||
"react-rewards": "1.1.2",
|
||||
"react-router-dom": "6.8.0",
|
||||
"react-router-hash-link": "2.4.3",
|
||||
"react-scrollspy": "^3.4.3",
|
||||
"react-select": "5.1.0",
|
||||
"react-smooth-collapse": "^2.1.2",
|
||||
"rehype-autolink-headings": "^6.1.1",
|
||||
"rehype-slug": "^5.1.0",
|
||||
"remark-frontmatter": "^4.0.1",
|
||||
"remark-gfm": "^3.0.1",
|
||||
"remark-mdx-frontmatter": "^2.1.1"
|
||||
},
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||||
"devDependencies": {
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||||
"@lingdocs/mdx-loader": "^0.1.6",
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||||
"@types/jest": "^27.0.2",
|
||||
"@types/node": "^16.10.3",
|
||||
"@types/react": "^17.0.27",
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||||
"@types/react-dom": "^17.0.9",
|
||||
"babel-loader": "8.1.0",
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||||
"node-fetch": "^2.6.1",
|
||||
"typescript": "^4.4.3"
|
||||
"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.5",
|
||||
"@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
|
||||
"@testing-library/user-event": "^14.4.3",
|
||||
"@types/cron": "^2.0.0",
|
||||
"@types/react": "^18.0.26",
|
||||
"@types/react-dom": "^18.0.9",
|
||||
"@types/react-router-dom": "^5.3.3",
|
||||
"@types/react-router-hash-link": "^2.4.5",
|
||||
"@types/react-scrollspy": "^3.3.5",
|
||||
"@types/react-swipeable": "^5.2.0",
|
||||
"@vitejs/plugin-react": "^3.0.0",
|
||||
"node-fetch": "2.6.1",
|
||||
"typescript": "^4.9.3",
|
||||
"vite": "^4.0.0",
|
||||
"vite-plugin-pwa": "^0.14.1"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
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||||
|
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@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
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{
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"short_name": "Pashto Grammar",
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"name": "LingDocs Pashto Grammar",
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"icons": [
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||||
{
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||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-36x36.png",
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||||
"sizes": "36x36",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-48x48.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "48x48",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-72x72.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "72x72",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-96x96.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "96x96",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-144x144.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "144x144",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-192x192.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "192x192",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-256x256.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "256x256",
|
||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-384x384.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "384x384",
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||||
"type": "image/png"
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||||
},
|
||||
{
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||||
"src": "icons/android-chrome-512x512.png",
|
||||
"sizes": "512x512",
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||||
"type": "image/png"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"start_url": "./table-of-contents",
|
||||
"display": "minimal-ui",
|
||||
"theme_color": "#DEE1E6",
|
||||
"background_color": "#ffffff"
|
||||
}
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@ -1,30 +1,13 @@
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const fs = require("fs");
|
||||
const fetch = require("node-fetch");
|
||||
const path = require("path");
|
||||
const wordsPath = path.join(".", "src", "words");
|
||||
const wordsFile = "raw-words.ts";
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import fs from "fs";
|
||||
import fetch from "node-fetch";
|
||||
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const verbCollectionPath = path.join(wordsPath, "verb-categories");
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const nounAdjCollectionPath = path.join(wordsPath, "noun-adj-categories");
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||||
const adverbCollectionPath = path.join(wordsPath, "adverbs");
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import nounAdjTs from "../src/words/nouns-adjs.js";
|
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import verbs from "../src/words/verbs.js";
|
||||
import adverbs from "../src/words/adverbs.js";
|
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|
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const verbTsFiles = fs.readdirSync(verbCollectionPath);
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const nounAdjTsFiles = fs.readdirSync(nounAdjCollectionPath);
|
||||
const adverbTsFiles = fs.readdirSync(adverbCollectionPath);
|
||||
const wordsFile = "./src/words/raw-words.ts";
|
||||
|
||||
const allVerbTsS = verbTsFiles.flatMap(fileName => [
|
||||
...require(path.join("..", verbCollectionPath, fileName))
|
||||
]).filter((v, i, a) => a.findIndex(x => x === v) === i);
|
||||
|
||||
const allNounAdjTsS = nounAdjTsFiles.flatMap(fileName => [
|
||||
...require(path.join("..", nounAdjCollectionPath, fileName))
|
||||
]).filter((v, i, a) => a.findIndex(x => x === v) === i);
|
||||
|
||||
const allAdverbTsS = adverbTsFiles.flatMap(fileName => [
|
||||
...require(path.join("..", adverbCollectionPath, fileName))
|
||||
]).filter((v, i, a) => a.findIndex(x => x === v) === i);
|
||||
|
||||
const allTs = [...allVerbTsS, ...allAdverbTsS, ...allNounAdjTsS];
|
||||
const allTs = [...nounAdjTs, ...verbs, ...adverbs];
|
||||
console.log("getting words from dictionary...");
|
||||
|
||||
fetch("https://account.lingdocs.com/dictionary/entries", {
|
||||
|
|
@ -38,7 +21,7 @@ fetch("https://account.lingdocs.com/dictionary/entries", {
|
|||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
const words: Word[] = ${JSON.stringify(data.results)};
|
||||
export default words;`;
|
||||
fs.writeFileSync(path.join(wordsPath, wordsFile), content);
|
||||
fs.writeFileSync(wordsFile, content);
|
||||
const missingEc = data.results.filter(x => "entry" in x && !x.entry.ec);
|
||||
if (missingEc.length) {
|
||||
console.log("verbs missing ec");
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
57
src/App.tsx
57
src/App.tsx
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
|
|||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
import { useState } from "react";
|
||||
import { Route, withRouter, Switch, RouteComponentProps } from "react-router-dom";
|
||||
import { Route, Routes, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
|
||||
import "./App.css";
|
||||
import Page404 from "./pages/404";
|
||||
import Chapter from "./components/Chapter";
|
||||
|
|
@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ if (isProd) {
|
|||
ReactGA.set({ anonymizeIp: true });
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
|
||||
function App(props: any) {
|
||||
const [navOpen, setNavOpen] = useState(false);
|
||||
const navigate = useNavigate();
|
||||
const { user } = useUser();
|
||||
function logAnalytics() {
|
||||
if (isProd && !(user?.admin)) {
|
||||
|
|
@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
|
|||
}
|
||||
useEffect(() => {
|
||||
logAnalytics();
|
||||
if (props.location.pathname === "/") {
|
||||
if (window.location.pathname === "/") {
|
||||
if (localStorage.getItem("visitedOnce")) {
|
||||
props.history.replace("/table-of-contents");
|
||||
navigate("/table-of-contents", { replace: true })
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
localStorage.setItem("visitedOnce", "true");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
|
|||
window.scroll(0, 0);
|
||||
logAnalytics();
|
||||
// eslint-disable-next-line
|
||||
}, [props.location.pathname]);
|
||||
}, [window.location.pathname]);
|
||||
return (
|
||||
<>
|
||||
<Header setNavOpen={setNavOpen} />
|
||||
|
|
@ -67,32 +68,38 @@ function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
|
|||
content={content}
|
||||
navOpen={navOpen}
|
||||
setNavOpen={setNavOpen}
|
||||
pathname={props.location.pathname}
|
||||
pathname={window.location.pathname}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
<Switch>
|
||||
<Route path="/" exact>
|
||||
<LandingPage />
|
||||
</Route>
|
||||
<Route path="/privacy" exact>
|
||||
<PrivacyPolicy />
|
||||
</Route>
|
||||
<Route path="/table-of-contents" exact>
|
||||
<TableOfContentsPage />
|
||||
</Route>
|
||||
<Routes>
|
||||
<Route
|
||||
path="/"
|
||||
element={<LandingPage />}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
<Route
|
||||
path="/privacy"
|
||||
element={<PrivacyPolicy />}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
<Route
|
||||
path="/table-of-contents"
|
||||
element={<TableOfContentsPage />}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
{chapters.map((chapter: any) => (
|
||||
<Route key={chapter.path} path={chapter.path}>
|
||||
<Chapter>{chapter}</Chapter>
|
||||
</Route>
|
||||
<Route
|
||||
key={chapter.path}
|
||||
path={chapter.path}
|
||||
element={<Chapter>{chapter}</Chapter>}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
))}
|
||||
<Route path="/account" exact>
|
||||
<AccountPage />
|
||||
</Route>
|
||||
<Route component={Page404} />
|
||||
</Switch>
|
||||
<Route
|
||||
path="/account"
|
||||
element={<AccountPage />}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
<Route path="*" element={<Page404 />} />
|
||||
</Routes>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</>
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
export default withRouter(App);
|
||||
export default App;
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,9 +8,15 @@
|
|||
|
||||
import { HashLink } from 'react-router-hash-link';
|
||||
import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
|
||||
import type { CSSProperties } from 'react';
|
||||
// import scrollWithOffset from "../../lib/scroll-with-offset.js";
|
||||
|
||||
export default function L(props) {
|
||||
export default function L(props: {
|
||||
to: string,
|
||||
style?: CSSProperties,
|
||||
children: string | JSX.Element,
|
||||
className?: string,
|
||||
}) {
|
||||
const { to } = props || "";
|
||||
const toA = (to.includes("#") && to.split("#")[0] === window.location.pathname)
|
||||
? ("#" + to.split("#")[1])
|
||||
|
|
@ -9,22 +9,22 @@
|
|||
import { NavHashLink } from 'react-router-hash-link';
|
||||
import Scrollspy from 'react-scrollspy';
|
||||
|
||||
function TableOfContents({ tableOfContents }) {
|
||||
return (
|
||||
function TableOfContents({ tableOfContents }: { tableOfContents: TableOfContents }) {
|
||||
return (
|
||||
<nav className="table-of-contents col-3 col-xl-4 text-muted mx-3 my-3">
|
||||
<Scrollspy items={tableOfContents.map(x => x.id)} currentClassName="is-current">
|
||||
{tableOfContents.map(item => {
|
||||
if (item.level === 2) return (
|
||||
<div key={item.title} className="table-of-contents-item">
|
||||
if (item.depth === 2) return (
|
||||
<div key={item.id} className="table-of-contents-item">
|
||||
<div className="link-unstyled pb-2">
|
||||
<NavHashLink smooth to={`#${item.id}`}>{item.title}</NavHashLink>
|
||||
<NavHashLink smooth to={`#${item.id}`}>{item.value}</NavHashLink>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
{item.children.map(child => {
|
||||
if (child.level === 3) return (
|
||||
<div className="link-unstyled ml-2 pb-1" key={child.title}>
|
||||
{item.children?.map(child => {
|
||||
if (child.depth === 3) return (
|
||||
<div className="link-unstyled ml-2 pb-1" key={child.id}>
|
||||
<small>
|
||||
<NavHashLink smooth to={`#${child.id}`}>
|
||||
{child.title}
|
||||
{child.value}
|
||||
</NavHashLink>
|
||||
</small>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -62,53 +62,71 @@ Most of the time you will see dynamic compounds that are *transitive*. And the g
|
|||
|
||||
Then when we use this in a phrase we see that **the noun in the compound functions as the object of the phrase**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8044672663678827,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10318373385739488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812732,"i":9892,"p":"کار کول","f":"kaar kawul","g":"kaarkawul","e":"to work","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527822084,"ec":"work"},"complement":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8044672663678827,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10318373385739488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812732,"i":9892,"p":"کار کول","f":"kaar kawul","g":"kaarkawul","e":"to work","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527822084,"ec":"work"},"complement":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
There's no strange welding or squishing or any of that business that we saw with stative compounds. All we have is a block for the object that is included in the compound, and helper verb.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8044672663678827,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10318373385739488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812732,"i":9892,"p":"کار کول","f":"kaar kawul","g":"kaarkawul","e":"to work","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527822084,"ec":"work"},"complement":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8044672663678827,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10318373385739488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812732,"i":9892,"p":"کار کول","f":"kaar kawul","g":"kaarkawul","e":"to work","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527822084,"ec":"work"},"complement":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
And now we see that <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to do" }} /> takes an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo", e: "" }} /> prefix, just like normal verbs. So whenever you see <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul" }} /> with an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo", e: "" }} /> prefix, you know it's a dynamic compound, and not stative.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that with these compounds the **object is always the noun that comes in the compound**, so with the past tense the verb will always agree with this object. (In past tense transitive verbs, <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#3-with-past-tense-transitive-verbs-">the object is king</Link> <KingIcon />)
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Using other helper verbs
|
||||
|
||||
There are a lot of dynamic compounds that use help verbs like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وهل", f: "wahúl", e: "to hit" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خوړل", f: "khoRúl", e: "to eat" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ساتل", f: "saatúl", e: "" }} /> and a bunch of others.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2282887799187998,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.09221260732991587,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812939,"i":12830,"p":"منډې وهل","f":"munDe wahul","g":"munDewahul","e":"to run","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans. sing. or plur.","l":1527815805,"ec":"run,runs,running,ran,run"},"complement":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","i":12183,"tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2282887799187998,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.09221260732991587,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812939,"i":12830,"p":"منډې وهل","f":"munDe wahul","g":"munDewahul","e":"to run","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans. sing. or plur.","l":1527815805,"ec":"run,runs,running,ran,run"},"complement":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","i":12183,"tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
That's literally, "We're hitting (verb) runs (object)"
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2282887799187998,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.09221260732991587,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812939,"i":12830,"p":"منډې وهل","f":"munDe wahul","g":"munDewahul","e":"to run","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans. sing. or plur.","l":1527815805,"ec":"run,runs,running,ran,run"},"complement":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","i":12183,"tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2282887799187998,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.09221260732991587,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812939,"i":12830,"p":"منډې وهل","f":"munDe wahul","g":"munDewahul","e":"to run","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans. sing. or plur.","l":1527815805,"ec":"run,runs,running,ran,run"},"complement":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","i":12183,"tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.12190484642898336,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4307469889296207,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819087,"i":11684,"p":"ماته","f":"maata","g":"maata","e":"defeat","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527819089,"i":11685,"p":"ماته خوړل","f":"maata khoRul","g":"maatakhoRul","e":"to be defeated, beaten by someone","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527819087,"ec":"be","ep":"defeated"},"complement":{"ts":1527819087,"i":11684,"p":"ماته","f":"maata","g":"maata","e":"defeat","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","i":4769,"psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.12190484642898336,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4307469889296207,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819087,"i":11684,"p":"ماته","f":"maata","g":"maata","e":"defeat","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527819089,"i":11685,"p":"ماته خوړل","f":"maata khoRul","g":"maatakhoRul","e":"to be defeated, beaten by someone","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527819087,"ec":"be","ep":"defeated"},"complement":{"ts":1527819087,"i":11684,"p":"ماته","f":"maata","g":"maata","e":"defeat","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","i":4769,"psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Or literally, they ate (verb) defeat. (object)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -120,25 +138,29 @@ Well we have to attach the object to the phrase either as a possesor to the noun
|
|||
|
||||
For instance if we want to say "I will serve *the people*" we have to say something like "I will do service *of the people*"
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه به **د خلکو خدمت** کوم",
|
||||
f: "zu ba **du khalko khidmat** kawum",
|
||||
e: "I will serve the people",
|
||||
sub: "lit. I will do the service (object) of the people",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه به **د خلکو خدمت** کوم",
|
||||
f: "zu ba **du khalko khidmat** kawum",
|
||||
e: "I will serve the people",
|
||||
sub: "lit. I will do the service (object) of the people",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
If we want to use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پوښتڼه کول", f: "poxtuna kawul", e: "to ask" }} /> say "I asked <em>you</em>", well we already have <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پوښټنه", f: "poxtuna", e: "" }} /> as the object, so we have to say "I did a question (object) *from you* (sandwich)."
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما **تا نه** پوښتنه وکړه",
|
||||
f: "maa **taa na** poxtuna óokRa",
|
||||
e: "I asked you",
|
||||
sub: "lit. I did a question (object) **from you**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما **تا نه** پوښتنه وکړه",
|
||||
f: "maa **taa na** poxtuna óokRa",
|
||||
e: "I asked you",
|
||||
sub: "lit. I did a question (object) **from you**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Intransitive Dynamic Compounds
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -146,30 +168,32 @@ If a dynamic compound was made with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f:
|
|||
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما کار وکړ",
|
||||
f: "maa kaar óokuR",
|
||||
e: "I worked",
|
||||
sub: "Transitive - with کول (to do)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کار وشو",
|
||||
f: "kaar óosho",
|
||||
e: "The work happened",
|
||||
sub: "Intransitive - with کېدل (to happen)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي پوښتنې کوي",
|
||||
f: "haghwee poxtúne kawee",
|
||||
e: "They are asking questions",
|
||||
sub: "Transitive - with کول (to do)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پوښتنې کېږي",
|
||||
f: "poxtúne kéGee",
|
||||
e: "Questions are being asked",
|
||||
sub: "Intransitive - with کېدل (to happen)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما کار وکړ",
|
||||
f: "maa kaar óokuR",
|
||||
e: "I worked",
|
||||
sub: "Transitive - with کول (to do)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کار وشو",
|
||||
f: "kaar óosho",
|
||||
e: "The work happened",
|
||||
sub: "Intransitive - with کېدل (to happen)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي پوښتنې کوي",
|
||||
f: "haghwee poxtúne kawee",
|
||||
e: "They are asking questions",
|
||||
sub: "Transitive - with کول (to do)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پوښتنې کېږي",
|
||||
f: "poxtúne kéGee",
|
||||
e: "Questions are being asked",
|
||||
sub: "Intransitive - with کېدل (to happen)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
<svg width="171.37mm" height="135.36mm" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 171.37 135.36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||||
<g transform="translate(-2.1917 -72.911)">
|
||||
<g fill="none" stroke="#000">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 82 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 82 KiB |
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
|
||||
<svg
|
||||
width="177.5735mm"
|
||||
height="130.25386mm"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 14 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 14 KiB |
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
<svg width="171.37mm" height="147.36mm" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 171.37 147.36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||||
<g transform="translate(-2.1917 -73.237)">
|
||||
<g fill="none" stroke="#000">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 82 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 82 KiB |
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
<svg width="177.57mm" height="130.25mm" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 177.57 130.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||||
<g transform="translate(.80819 -81.021)">
|
||||
<g fill="none" stroke="#000">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 83 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 83 KiB |
|
|
@ -65,29 +65,41 @@ We use this verb when we're talking about an action/event **happening**. Notice
|
|||
|
||||
Here are some example phrases uses this verb. Try to identify the which roots/stems the examples use and figure out the tense. You can click on the <EditIcon /> to see the tense and what formula was used. Try playing around with these phrases, and watch how they work with the blocks.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815166,"i":2937,"p":"پېښه","f":"péxa","g":"pexa","e":"event, occurance, happeing, case","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815166,"i":2937,"p":"پېښه","f":"péxa","g":"pexa","e":"event, occurance, happeing, case","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -106,9 +118,11 @@ Here's another verb that looks exactly the same at first, but we'll soon find ou
|
|||
|
||||
And this verb has a completely different meaning as well. We're not talking about something happening, **we're talking about something *becoming* \_\_\_\_**. The subject is changed into a state of being \_\_\_\_. And that \_\_\_\_ is what we'll call a **complement**. For example, in the phrase:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812798,"i":5645,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812798,"i":5645,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
We have:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,37 +131,49 @@ We have:
|
|||
|
||||
So with this verb we add a <Complement /> - something that the subject is *becoming*.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5826,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5826,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how the **if the <Complement /> is an adjective in will inflect according to the subject**.
|
||||
|
||||
Also notice how the complement actually gets <Link to="/compound-verbs/stative-compounds/#welding-">welded together</Link> with the verb when we're not using the perfective <Camera />. Check out the blocks <BlocksIcon />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
When we get start using the perfective aspect <Camera /> of this verb, we notice that it starts looking really different from <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how now there's no <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo" }} /> prefix! Instead the complement stays seperate from the verb and fills in an holds the same place as a <PerfectiveHead /> would in a different verb. Have a look at the blocks <BlocksIcon />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -173,33 +199,47 @@ The verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do" }} />
|
|||
|
||||
Like its brother <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />, this verb also has an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo", e: "" }} /> prefix as a <PerfectiveHead />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="short">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="short">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -239,41 +279,57 @@ Like its brother <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to
|
|||
- with the perfective <Camera />
|
||||
- keep the <Complement />separate, sitting as a <PerfectiveHead /> in front of the verb
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how **if the <Complement /> is an adjective it will inflect according the object**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how with the imperfective/past participle the <Complement />is welded together with the verb, but with the perfective it's separate.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to make" }} />:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -67,13 +67,17 @@ So we are talking about making an object ironed.
|
|||
|
||||
In the past tense, the verb will always agree with the object that's being ironed (the <KingIcon /> of the phrase).
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Also we notice that since we are using <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to make" }} /> as the helper verb, there is no <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo", e: "" }} /> prefix.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -104,29 +108,35 @@ Now instead of talking about making something ironed (stative), we are talking a
|
|||
},
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Now the object of the phrase is <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} />, so in the past tense, the verb will <em>always</em> agree with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} />. Even if you add a possesor to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} /> <Link to="/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds/#attaching-other-actors">to say what she was ironing</Link>, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} /> is <em>still</em> the object.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې **د کمیس استري** وکړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé **du kamees istree** óokRa",
|
||||
e: "She ironed the shirt",
|
||||
sub: "lit. She did the **ironing of the shirt**."
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې **د کمیس استري** وکړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé **du kamees istree** óokRa",
|
||||
e: "She ironed the shirt",
|
||||
sub: "lit. She did the **ironing of the shirt**."
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې **د کمیسونه استري** وکړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé **du kameesoona istree** óokRa",
|
||||
e: "She ironed the shirt",
|
||||
sub: "lit. She did the **ironing of the shirts**."
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې **د کمیسونه استري** وکړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé **du kameesoona istree** óokRa",
|
||||
e: "She ironed the shirt",
|
||||
sub: "lit. She did the **ironing of the shirts**."
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other examples
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -134,13 +144,15 @@ Another compound that can be used as either stative or dynamic is <InlinePs opts
|
|||
|
||||
##### As stative:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه **درې کسان** قتل کړل",
|
||||
f: "haghú **dre kesaan** qatul kRul",
|
||||
e: "He murdered **three people**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه **درې کسان** قتل کړل",
|
||||
f: "haghú **dre kesaan** qatul kRul",
|
||||
e: "He murdered **three people**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
In this example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -151,14 +163,16 @@ In this example:
|
|||
|
||||
#### As dynamic
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه **د درې کسان قتل** وکړ",
|
||||
f: "haghú **du dre kesaano qatul** óokuR",
|
||||
e: "He murdered three people",
|
||||
sub: "lit. He did **the murder of three people**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه **د درې کسان قتل** وکړ",
|
||||
f: "haghú **du dre kesaano qatul** óokuR",
|
||||
e: "He murdered three people",
|
||||
sub: "lit. He did **the murder of three people**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
In this example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,44 +200,52 @@ That means that these can be used as stative compounds, but **with an unspoken c
|
|||
|
||||
So with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "چیغه کول", f: "cheegha kawul", e: "to scream" }} /> you could say:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې چیغه وکړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé chéegha óokRa",
|
||||
e: "She screamed",
|
||||
sub: "DYNAMIC - lit. she did a scream"
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې چیغه وکړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé chéegha óokRa",
|
||||
e: "She screamed",
|
||||
sub: "DYNAMIC - lit. she did a scream"
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې چیغه کړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé chéegha kRa",
|
||||
e: "She screamed",
|
||||
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. she made a scream existing (she let out/created a scream)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې چیغه کړه",
|
||||
f: "haghé chéegha kRa",
|
||||
e: "She screamed",
|
||||
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. she made a scream existing (she let out/created a scream)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
You might also hear something like,
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما منډه کړه",
|
||||
f: "maa múnDa kRa",
|
||||
e: "I ran",
|
||||
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. I made a run existing (I let out/created a run)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما منډه کړه",
|
||||
f: "maa múnDa kRa",
|
||||
e: "I ran",
|
||||
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. I made a run existing (I let out/created a run)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
And these can work the the intransitive versions as well
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "چیغه شوه",
|
||||
f: "chéegha shwa",
|
||||
e: "A scream was let out",
|
||||
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. A scream became existing",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "چیغه شوه",
|
||||
f: "chéegha shwa",
|
||||
e: "A scream was let out",
|
||||
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. A scream became existing",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,13 +48,17 @@ For example, the compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی کېدل", f:
|
|||
|
||||
We use this verb to describe a **subject** changing into a new state described by the <Complement />. So here we have "him" changing into / becoming "tired."
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.32458466385023566,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.02209534971051208,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.32458466385023566,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.02209534971051208,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.32458466385023566,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.02209534971051208,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.32458466385023566,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.02209534971051208,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Go ahead and edit <EditIcon /> the examples above. Notice how the inflection of the complement changes depending on what the *subject* is.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -74,13 +78,17 @@ For example, the compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی کېدل", f:
|
|||
|
||||
We use this verb to describe a **subject** that does something to change an **object** into a new state described by the <Complement />. So here we have "I" (subject) making "him" (object) "tired." (complement)
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9251654828746088,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.22651100938791546,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033078746,"i":7601,"p":"ستړی کول","f":"stuRey kawul","g":"stuReykawul","e":"to make tired, wear out","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"make","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9251654828746088,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.22651100938791546,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033078746,"i":7601,"p":"ستړی کول","f":"stuRey kawul","g":"stuReykawul","e":"to make tired, wear out","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"make","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9251654828746088,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.22651100938791546,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033078746,"i":7601,"p":"ستړی کول","f":"stuRey kawul","g":"stuReykawul","e":"to make tired, wear out","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"make","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9251654828746088,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.22651100938791546,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033078746,"i":7601,"p":"ستړی کول","f":"stuRey kawul","g":"stuReykawul","e":"to make tired, wear out","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"make","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Go ahead and edit <EditIcon /> the examples above. Notice how the inflection of the complement changes depending on what the *object* is.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -118,50 +126,64 @@ That means that even though it looks like there might be two separate words, the
|
|||
|
||||
For example, we have an accent on the first part of the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "" }} /> but if we weld it together with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} /> the complement loses its accent.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7090037057284271,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07622523068621034,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7604,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7090037057284271,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07622523068621034,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7604,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice you'll never hear a Pashtun say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "❌ زه ستړی کېږم ❌", f: "❌ zu stúRey kéGum ❌" }} />! When it's welded together with the verb, the consonant loses it's accent and just rolls along into the verb which carries the accent.
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that the welding does not happen in the perfective aspect <Camera />. If we say something in the perfective aspect <Camera />, then the complement splits out and it gets its accent back.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7090037057284271,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07622523068621034,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7604,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7090037057284271,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07622523068621034,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7604,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Also, when the complement and verb are welded together, even though there might be a space and they *look* like two words on paper, you can never, ever put anything between them. For example, if you add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> to the phrase it has to go in front of the welded complement/verb block.
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیونی کېږم", f: "lewaney kéGum" }} /> has been welded into one block. Have a look at the blocks <BlocksIcon /> and see.
|
||||
|
||||
So you *cannot* put the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> in the middle of the block and say,
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "❌ زه به لېونی نه کېږم ❌", f: "❌ zu ba lewaney nú kéGum ❌" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "❌ زه به لېونی نه کېږم ❌", f: "❌ zu ba lewaney nú kéGum ❌" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
because <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیونی کېږم", f: "lewaney kéGum" }} /> has been welded into one block, and nothing can go in-between those two words.
|
||||
|
||||
The same thing goes for the perfect/past participle forms.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
But when we use the *perfective* aspect <Camera /> then the complement stays separate, and just sits in front of the verb like a <PerfectiveHead /> would.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Now we can't say
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "❌ زه به نه لیونی شم ❌", f: "❌ zu ba nú lewaney shum ❌" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "❌ زه به نه لیونی شم ❌", f: "❌ zu ba nú lewaney shum ❌" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
because the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> goes in front of the verb block, which is separate from the complement.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,29 +206,39 @@ For example:
|
|||
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډک", f: "Duk", e: "full" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} /> = <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډکېدل", f: "Dukedúl", e: "to be filled" }} />
|
||||
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډک", f: "Duk", e: "full" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to make" }} /> = <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډکول", f: "Dukawúl", e: "to fill" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Because the <Complement /> is squished together with the helper verb **it can't inflect** to match the subject/object <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دروازه", f: "darwaaza", e: "door - f." }} /> that's changing.
|
||||
|
||||
But when we stop using the imperfective roots/stems the squishing stops, and we need to inflect the complement if it's an adjective.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### With #4 "Pashtoon" pattern nouns/adjectives
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -219,21 +251,29 @@ When a complement is a noun/adjective in the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-pa
|
|||
|
||||
Again with the imperfective roots/stems you won't be able to inflect the complement because it's been squished together with the complement, but in other cases you will need to inflect the complement if it's an adjective.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
To review:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
|
||||
<svg
|
||||
width="121.5mm"
|
||||
height="82.268mm"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 64 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 64 KiB |
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
|||
import {
|
||||
Types as T,
|
||||
concatPsString,
|
||||
ButtonSelect,
|
||||
InlinePs,
|
||||
grammarUnits,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import { useState } from "react";
|
||||
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
|
||||
|
||||
function WithTailChoice({ opts, ba }: { opts: T.TextOptions, ba: boolean }) {
|
||||
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("aay");
|
||||
const waay = concatPsString(
|
||||
{p: "و", f: "w"},
|
||||
choice === "aay" ? { p: "ای", f: "aay" } : { p: "ی", f: "ey" },
|
||||
);
|
||||
return (
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div className="text-center my-3">
|
||||
<div className="text-muted mb-1">
|
||||
<small>The spelling/pronunciation of the non-inflecting tail can vary based on dialect</small>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<ButtonSelect
|
||||
options={[
|
||||
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ای", f: "aay" }} />, value: "aay" },
|
||||
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} />, value: "ey" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
value={choice}
|
||||
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<EquativeFormChoice
|
||||
forms={{
|
||||
sentence: !ba ? {
|
||||
displayForm: concatPsString(
|
||||
{ p: "کاشکې ... ...", f: "kaashke ... ..."}, " ",
|
||||
waay, { p: "!", f: "!" },
|
||||
),
|
||||
english: [[["If only ... was/were ...!"]]],
|
||||
} : {
|
||||
displayForm: concatPsString(
|
||||
{ p: "به ...", f: "ba ..." }, " ", waay,
|
||||
),
|
||||
english: [[["... would have been ..."]]],
|
||||
},
|
||||
pure: {
|
||||
displayForm: !ba ? waay : concatPsString(grammarUnits.baParticle, " ", waay),
|
||||
},
|
||||
}}
|
||||
opts={opts}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
export default WithTailChoice;
|
||||
|
|
@ -50,40 +50,44 @@ In the last section we looked at the <Link to="/equatives/present-equative/">pre
|
|||
|
||||
This form is used to say that something is something (A = B) **habitually, generally, or repeatedly**.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "سحار کې چمن لوند **وي**",
|
||||
f: "saháar ke chaman loond **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The grass **is** wet in the morning. (generally, habitually)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه تر ماښامه پورې په دوکان کې **وي**",
|
||||
f: "haghá tur maaxaama pore pu dookáan ke **wee**",
|
||||
e: "He's in the shop until evening. (generally, habitually)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "اتو بجو نه بعد دوکان بند **وي**.",
|
||||
f: "atu bajo na bad dookáan band **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The shop is closed after 8 o'clock. (generally, habitually)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "سحار کې چمن لوند **وي**",
|
||||
f: "saháar ke chaman loond **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The grass **is** wet in the morning. (generally, habitually)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه تر ماښامه پورې په دوکان کې **وي**",
|
||||
f: "haghá tur maaxaama pore pu dookáan ke **wee**",
|
||||
e: "He's in the shop until evening. (generally, habitually)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "اتو بجو نه بعد دوکان بند **وي**.",
|
||||
f: "atu bajo na bad dookáan band **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The shop is closed after 8 o'clock. (generally, habitually)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
⚠ **Warning**: For English speakers **it take some time to get used to choosing between the *present* and *habitual* equatives**. Standard English uses the same form for both, but in Pashto the forms change!
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوکان بند **دی**.",
|
||||
f: "dookáan band **dey**.",
|
||||
e: "The shop **is** closed. (right now, at this moment)",
|
||||
sub: "1. Present Form"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوکان هر وخت بند **وي**",
|
||||
f: "dookáan hăr wakht band **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The shop **is** always closed. (generally, every day)",
|
||||
sub: "2. Habitual Form"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوکان بند **دی**.",
|
||||
f: "dookáan band **dey**.",
|
||||
e: "The shop **is** closed. (right now, at this moment)",
|
||||
sub: "1. Present Form"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوکان هر وخت بند **وي**",
|
||||
f: "dookáan hăr wakht band **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The shop **is** always closed. (generally, every day)",
|
||||
sub: "2. Habitual Form"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
In English, we just say "is" in both situations. But **in Pashto, you have to pick between the two forms**. Use the present form for things that are something in the moment, and use the habitual form for things are generally or habitually something.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -110,9 +114,11 @@ Interestingly, there is also a separate [habitual equative](https://en.wikipedia
|
|||
</td>
|
||||
<td>The grass <strong>is</strong> wet</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: <>چمن لوند <strong>دی</strong></>, f: <>chaman loond <strong>dey</strong></> },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: <>چمن لوند <strong>دی</strong></>, f: <>chaman loond <strong>dey</strong></> },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,17 +2,6 @@
|
|||
title: Other Equatives
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
addToForm,
|
||||
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,6 +14,7 @@ import {
|
|||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
|
||||
import WithTailChoice from "./WithTailChoice";
|
||||
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
|
||||
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||
import {
|
||||
|
|
@ -46,13 +36,15 @@ The subjunctive equative is used to talk about something being something when th
|
|||
- a purpose
|
||||
- statement of whether it should or shouldn't be
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
psmd({
|
||||
p: "امید لرم چې خوشحاله **وي**",
|
||||
f: "Umeed larum che khosháala **wee**",
|
||||
e: "I hope he **is** happy",
|
||||
}),
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
psmd({
|
||||
p: "امید لرم چې خوشحاله **وي**",
|
||||
f: "Umeed larum che khosháala **wee**",
|
||||
e: "I hope he **is** happy",
|
||||
}),
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<EquativeFormChoice
|
||||
forms={{
|
||||
|
|
@ -81,76 +73,86 @@ The subjunctive equative is used to talk about something being something when th
|
|||
|
||||
The subjunctive is used in clauses that express a purpose or an aim of something being something.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه به درته سندره وایم، چې ته خوشحاله **وې**",
|
||||
f: "zu ba taa ta sandura waayum, che tu khoshaala **we**.",
|
||||
e: "I'll sing to you, so that you'll **be** happy.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه به درته سندره وایم، چې ته خوشحاله **وې**",
|
||||
f: "zu ba taa ta sandura waayum, che tu khoshaala **we**.",
|
||||
e: "I'll sing to you, so that you'll **be** happy.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judgement/obligation
|
||||
|
||||
The subjunctive form can be used to talk about it being being good or bad, necessary, or required that something is something.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي باید په ښووونځي کې **وي**",
|
||||
f: "hagwee baayad pu xowoondzee ke **wee**.",
|
||||
e: "They have to be in school.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي باید په ښووونځي کې **وي**",
|
||||
f: "hagwee baayad pu xowoondzee ke **wee**.",
|
||||
e: "They have to be in school.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Desire
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "امید لرم چې هلته **وي**",
|
||||
f: "Umeed larum che halta **wee**.",
|
||||
e: "I hope they're there.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **وو**",
|
||||
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **woo**.",
|
||||
e: "He wants us to be home.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "امید لرم چې هلته **وي**",
|
||||
f: "Umeed larum che halta **wee**.",
|
||||
e: "I hope they're there.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **وو**",
|
||||
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **woo**.",
|
||||
e: "He wants us to be home.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Conditions
|
||||
|
||||
The subjunctive form is also used to talk about conditions or possibilities. *If A = B, then...* or *It could be that A = B ...*
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که دوکان کې وریژې **وي** نو وایې خله",
|
||||
f: "ku dokaan ke wrejze **wee**, no waa-ye-khla",
|
||||
e: "If there's rice in the store, buy it",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کېدی شي چې ډوډۍ تیاره **وي**",
|
||||
f: "kedey shee che DoDúy tayaara **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The food could be ready",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که دوکان کې وریژې **وي** نو وایې خله",
|
||||
f: "ku dokaan ke wrejze **wee**, no waa-ye-khla",
|
||||
e: "If there's rice in the store, buy it",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کېدی شي چې ډوډۍ تیاره **وي**",
|
||||
f: "kedey shee che DoDúy tayaara **wee**",
|
||||
e: "The food could be ready",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Important Note on Common Use:
|
||||
|
||||
This is the standard/written form of the subjunctive equative. However in many dialects you will find that people use the same forms as the <Link to="/equative/habitual-equative">habitual equative</Link> when speaking. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **وو**",
|
||||
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **woo**.",
|
||||
e: "He wants us to be home.",
|
||||
sub: "proper / standard",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **یو**",
|
||||
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **yoo**.",
|
||||
e: "He wants us to be home.",
|
||||
sub: "often spoken / colloquial",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **وو**",
|
||||
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **woo**.",
|
||||
e: "He wants us to be home.",
|
||||
sub: "proper / standard",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **یو**",
|
||||
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **yoo**.",
|
||||
e: "He wants us to be home.",
|
||||
sub: "often spoken / colloquial",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameSubjunctive} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -205,28 +207,30 @@ This is used for:
|
|||
|
||||
#### Examples
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **به** په کور کې **یم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu **ba** pu kor ke **yum**.",
|
||||
e: "I **will be** at home.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ **به** ستړي **یو**",
|
||||
f: "moonG ba stúRee **yoo**.",
|
||||
e: "We **will be** tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ډوډۍ **به** تیاره **وي**.",
|
||||
f: "DoDúy **ba** tayáara **wee**.",
|
||||
e: "The food **will be** ready.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تاسو **به** وږي **یئ**، که نه؟",
|
||||
f: "taaso **ba** wuGee **yeyy**, ku nu?",
|
||||
e: "You**'ll be** hungry, won't you?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **به** په کور کې **یم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu **ba** pu kor ke **yum**.",
|
||||
e: "I **will be** at home.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ **به** ستړي **یو**",
|
||||
f: "moonG ba stúRee **yoo**.",
|
||||
e: "We **will be** tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ډوډۍ **به** تیاره **وي**.",
|
||||
f: "DoDúy **ba** tayáara **wee**.",
|
||||
e: "The food **will be** ready.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تاسو **به** وږي **یئ**، که نه؟",
|
||||
f: "taaso **ba** wuGee **yeyy**, ku nu?",
|
||||
e: "You**'ll be** hungry, won't you?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameFuture} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -265,33 +269,35 @@ It is usually used in the short form.
|
|||
|
||||
### Examples
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته چېرته **وې**؟",
|
||||
f: "tu cherta **we**?",
|
||||
e: "Where **were** you?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه په کور کې **وم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu pu kor ke **wum**.",
|
||||
e: "I **was** at home.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه ډېر ستړی **و**.",
|
||||
f: "haghá Der stúRey **wo**.",
|
||||
e: "He **was** very tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه ډېره ستړې **وه**.",
|
||||
f: "haghá Déra stúRe **wa**.",
|
||||
e: "She **was** very tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ خفه **وو**",
|
||||
f: "moonG khúfa **woo**.",
|
||||
e: "We **were** sad.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته چېرته **وې**؟",
|
||||
f: "tu cherta **we**?",
|
||||
e: "Where **were** you?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه په کور کې **وم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu pu kor ke **wum**.",
|
||||
e: "I **was** at home.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه ډېر ستړی **و**.",
|
||||
f: "haghá Der stúRey **wo**.",
|
||||
e: "He **was** very tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه ډېره ستړې **وه**.",
|
||||
f: "haghá Déra stúRe **wa**.",
|
||||
e: "She **was** very tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ خفه **وو**",
|
||||
f: "moonG khúfa **woo**.",
|
||||
e: "We **were** sad.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGamePast} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,38 +357,44 @@ Like the <Link to="#past-equative">past equative</Link> that it's based on, it's
|
|||
|
||||
#### Presuming something about the past
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته **به** خبر **وې** که نه؟",
|
||||
f: "tu **ba** khabúr **we**, ka na?.",
|
||||
e: "You would have known, wouldn't you?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته **به** خبر **وې** که نه؟",
|
||||
f: "tu **ba** khabúr **we**, ka na?.",
|
||||
e: "You would have known, wouldn't you?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Habitual Past
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **به** هر سهار هلته **وم**",
|
||||
f: "zu **ba** hăr saháar halta **wum**",
|
||||
e: "I would be there every morning",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زما مور **به** دلته ناسته **وه**.",
|
||||
f: "zmaa mor **ba** dalta naasta **wa**.",
|
||||
e: "My mom would be sitting here.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **به** هر سهار هلته **وم**",
|
||||
f: "zu **ba** hăr saháar halta **wum**",
|
||||
e: "I would be there every morning",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زما مور **به** دلته ناسته **وه**.",
|
||||
f: "zmaa mor **ba** dalta naasta **wa**.",
|
||||
e: "My mom would be sitting here.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Hypothetical outcome
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که خوب مې نه وای کړی، زه **به** ستړی **وم**.",
|
||||
f: "ku khob me nu waay kúRey, zu **ba** stúRey **wum**.",
|
||||
e: "If I hadn't slept, I **would have been** tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که خوب مې نه وای کړی، زه **به** ستړی **وم**.",
|
||||
f: "ku khob me nu waay kúRey, zu **ba** stúRey **wum**.",
|
||||
e: "If I hadn't slept, I **would have been** tired.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameWouldBe} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -403,94 +415,55 @@ Because this is based on the the non-inflecting tail, *it doesn't change at all,
|
|||
<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "w" }} /> + non-inflecting tail
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
export function WithTailChoice(props) {
|
||||
const [choice, setChoice] = React.useState("aay");
|
||||
const waay = concatPsString(
|
||||
{p: "و", f: "w"},
|
||||
choice === "aay" ? { p: "ای", f: "aay" } : { p: "ی", f: "ey" },
|
||||
);
|
||||
return (
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div className="text-center my-3">
|
||||
<div className="text-muted mb-1">
|
||||
<small>The spelling/pronunciation of the non-inflecting tail can vary based on dialect</small>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<ButtonSelect
|
||||
options={[
|
||||
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ای", f: "aay" }} />, value: "aay" },
|
||||
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} />, value: "ey" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
value={choice}
|
||||
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<EquativeFormChoice
|
||||
forms={{
|
||||
sentence: !props.ba ? {
|
||||
displayForm: concatPsString(
|
||||
{ p: "کاشکې ... ...", f: "kaashke ... ..."}, " ",
|
||||
waay, { p: "!", f: "!" },
|
||||
),
|
||||
english: [[["If only ... was/were ...!"]]],
|
||||
} : {
|
||||
displayForm: concatPsString(
|
||||
{ p: "به ...", f: "ba ..." }, " ", waay,
|
||||
),
|
||||
english: [[["... would have been ..."]]],
|
||||
},
|
||||
pure: {
|
||||
displayForm: !props.ba ? waay : concatPsString(grammarUnits.baParticle, " ", waay),
|
||||
},
|
||||
}}
|
||||
opts={opts}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
<WithTailChoice />
|
||||
<WithTailChoice opts={opts} ba={false} />
|
||||
|
||||
### Examples
|
||||
|
||||
#### If A were B
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که زه ستا پر ځای **وای**",
|
||||
f: "ku zu staa pur dzaay **waay**",
|
||||
e: "If I **were** in your place",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که مونږ خبر **وای**، نه راتلو.",
|
||||
f: "ku moonG khabúr **waay**, nú raatloo.",
|
||||
e: "If had known, we wouldn't have come.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که زه ستا پر ځای **وای**",
|
||||
f: "ku zu staa pur dzaay **waay**",
|
||||
e: "If I **were** in your place",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که مونږ خبر **وای**، نه راتلو.",
|
||||
f: "ku moonG khabúr **waay**, nú raatloo.",
|
||||
e: "If had known, we wouldn't have come.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### You wish A were B
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**کاشکې ته دلته **وای!",
|
||||
f: "kaashke tu dălta **waay**!",
|
||||
e: "If only you were here!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**کاشکې ته دلته **وای!",
|
||||
f: "kaashke tu dălta **waay**!",
|
||||
e: "If only you were here!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### A should have been B
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د باید دلته **وای**!",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad dălta **waay**!",
|
||||
e: "You should have been here!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د باید دلته **وای**",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad dălta **waay**",
|
||||
e: "You had to be here",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د باید دلته **وای**!",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad dălta **waay**!",
|
||||
e: "You should have been here!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د باید دلته **وای**",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad dălta **waay**",
|
||||
e: "You had to be here",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGamePastSubjunctive} />
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,7 +479,7 @@ This is used to talk about:
|
|||
<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={grammarUnits.baParticle} /> + <Link to="#past-subjunctive">past subjunctive</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<WithTailChoice ba />
|
||||
<WithTailChoice opts={opts} ba={true} />
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameWouldHaveBeen} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,21 +2,9 @@
|
|||
title: Present Equative
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
|
||||
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
|
||||
import { useState } from "react";
|
||||
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||
import {
|
||||
grammarUnits,
|
||||
Examples,
|
||||
|
|
@ -30,6 +18,7 @@ import {
|
|||
} from "../../games/games";
|
||||
import GameDisplay from "../../games/GameDisplay";
|
||||
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
|
||||
|
||||
## Present Equative Form
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -86,25 +75,24 @@ Flip through the following examples and notice how the equative changes dependin
|
|||
|
||||
## Examples
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "هغه ماشوم دی", f: "haghá mashóom dey", e: "He is a child" },
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
|
||||
{ p: "هغوي ماشومان دي", f: "haghwée mashoomáan dee", e: "They are children" },
|
||||
{ p: "ته ډاکټر یې؟", f: "tu DakTár ye?", e: "Are you a doctor?" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو ډاکټران یئ؟", f: "taaso DakTaráan yeyy?", e: "Are you (pl.) doctors?" },
|
||||
{ p: "دا ستا کور دی", f: "daa staa kor dey", e: "That's your house" },
|
||||
{ p: "دا ستا کورونه دي", f: "daa staa koróona dee", e: "Those are your houses" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how the equative agrees with the subject, but also how the complement can inflect (change) depending on the gender and number. We'll understand more about how this works when we look at *inflection*.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
|
||||
{ p: "زه ستړی یم", f: "zu stúRey yum", e: "I (m.) am tired 👨"},
|
||||
{ p: "زه ستړې یم", f: "zu stúRe yum", e: "I (f.) am tired 👩"},
|
||||
{ p: "ته پښتون یې؟", f: "tu puxtoon ye?", e: "Are you (m.) a Pashtun?" },
|
||||
{ p: "ته پښتنه یې؟", f: "tu puxtana ye?", e: "Are you (f.) a Pashtun?" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو پښتانه یې؟", f: "taaso puxtaanu yeyy?", e: "Are you (m. pl.) Pashtuns?" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو پښتنې یې؟", f: "taaso puxtane yeyy?", e: "Are you (f. pl.) Pashtuns?" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
Note: To understand why/how these words are changing, you will need to read up on *inflection*.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -112,15 +100,15 @@ Note: To understand why/how these words are changing, you will need to read up o
|
|||
|
||||
When you're asking a question, all you have to do is change the intonation. You don't have to change the word order like you do in English.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
|
||||
{ p: "ته پښتون یې.", f: "tu puxtoon ye.", e: "You (m.) are a Pashtun." },
|
||||
{ p: "ته پښتون یې؟", f: "tu puxtoon ye?", e: "Are you (m.) a Pashtun?" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
**99.9% of the time the equative will go at the end of the sentence.** But in poetry the order often gets flipped around. You can also flip the order around to make an emphatic point.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
|
||||
{ p: "خو ته یې افعان", f: "kho tu ye afgháan", e: "But you are Afghan!" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={equativeGamePresent} />
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,124 +8,124 @@
|
|||
|
||||
/* eslint-disable import/no-webpack-loader-syntax */
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as intro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./intro.mdx";
|
||||
import * as intro from "./intro.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as presentEquative from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./equatives/present-equative.mdx";
|
||||
import * as presentEquative from "./equatives/present-equative.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as habitualEquative from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./equatives/habitual-equative.mdx";
|
||||
import * as habitualEquative from "./equatives/habitual-equative.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as otherEquatives from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./equatives/other-equatives.mdx";
|
||||
import * as otherEquatives from "./equatives/other-equatives.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as nounsGender from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-gender.mdx";
|
||||
import * as nounsGender from "./nouns/nouns-gender.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as nounsUnisex from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-unisex.mdx";
|
||||
import * as nounsUnisex from "./nouns/nouns-unisex.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as nounsPlural from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-plural.mdx";
|
||||
import * as nounsPlural from "./nouns/nouns-plural.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as arabicPlurals from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/arabic-plurals.mdx";
|
||||
import * as arabicPlurals from "./nouns/arabic-plurals.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as bundledPlurals from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/bundled-plurals.mdx";
|
||||
import * as bundledPlurals from "./nouns/bundled-plurals.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as BlocksAndKids from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/blocks-and-kids.mdx";
|
||||
import * as BlocksAndKids from "./phrase-structure/blocks-and-kids.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as NPIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/np.mdx";
|
||||
import * as NPIntro from "./phrase-structure/np.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as APIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/ap.mdx";
|
||||
import * as APIntro from "./phrase-structure/ap.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as EPIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/ep.mdx";
|
||||
import * as EPIntro from "./phrase-structure/ep.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as VPIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/vp.mdx";
|
||||
import * as VPIntro from "./phrase-structure/vp.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as Complement from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/complement.mdx";
|
||||
import * as Complement from "./phrase-structure/complement.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as ShorteningVPs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx";
|
||||
import * as ShorteningVPs from "./phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as verbAspect from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-aspect.mdx";
|
||||
import * as verbAspect from "./verbs/verb-aspect.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as verbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verbs-intro.mdx";
|
||||
import * as verbsIntro from "./verbs/verbs-intro.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as presentVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/present-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as presentVerbs from "./verbs/present-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as subjunctiveVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/subjunctive-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as subjunctiveVerbs from "./verbs/subjunctive-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as futureVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/future-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as futureVerbs from "./verbs/future-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as imperativeVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as imperativeVerbs from "./verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as verbEndings from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-endings.mdx";
|
||||
import * as verbEndings from "./verbs/verb-endings.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as negativeVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/negative.mdx";
|
||||
import * as negativeVerbs from "./verbs/negative.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as rootsAndStems from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx";
|
||||
import * as rootsAndStems from "./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as pastVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/past-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as pastVerbs from "./verbs/past-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/perfect-verbs-intro.mdx";
|
||||
import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "./verbs/perfect-verbs-intro.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as allPerfectVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as allPerfectVerbs from "./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as passiveVoice from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/passive-voice.mdx";
|
||||
import * as passiveVoice from "./verbs/passive-voice.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as ability from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/ability.mdx";
|
||||
import * as ability from "./verbs/ability.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as masterChart from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/master-chart.mdx";
|
||||
import * as masterChart from "./verbs/master-chart.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/intro.mdx";
|
||||
import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "./compound-verbs/intro.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as helperVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
import * as helperVerbs from "./compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as stativeCompounds from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/stative-compounds.mdx";
|
||||
import * as stativeCompounds from "./compound-verbs/stative-compounds.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as dynamicCompounds from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx";
|
||||
import * as dynamicCompounds from "./compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as moreOnCompounds from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx";
|
||||
import * as moreOnCompounds from "./compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as introToParticiples from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./participles/intro.mdx";
|
||||
import * as introToParticiples from "./participles/intro.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as pronounsBasic from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
|
||||
import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as pronounsMini from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
|
||||
import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as directionalPronouns from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
|
||||
import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as inflectionIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-intro.mdx";
|
||||
import * as inflectionIntro from "./inflection/inflection-intro.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as inflectionPatterns from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx";
|
||||
import * as inflectionPatterns from "./inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as sandwiches from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./sandwiches/sandwiches.mdx";
|
||||
import * as sandwiches from "./sandwiches/sandwiches.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as phonetics from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/phonetics.mdx";
|
||||
import * as phonetics from "./writing/phonetics.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as diacritics from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/diacritics.mdx";
|
||||
import * as diacritics from "./writing/diacritics.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as theFiveYeys from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
|
||||
import * as theFiveYeys from "./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as typingIssues from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/typing-issues.mdx";
|
||||
import * as typingIssues from "./writing/typing-issues.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as unrealConditionals from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./recipes/unreal-conditionals.mdx";
|
||||
import * as unrealConditionals from "./recipes/unreal-conditionals.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as games from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./games.mdx";
|
||||
import * as games from "./games.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as pronounPicker from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./practice-tools/pronoun-picker.mdx";
|
||||
import * as pronounPicker from "./practice-tools/pronoun-picker.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as phraseBuilder from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-builder.mdx";
|
||||
import * as phraseBuilder from "./phrase-builder.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import * as dictionary from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./dictionary.mdx";
|
||||
import * as dictionary from "./dictionary.mdx";
|
||||
|
||||
type ChapterSection = {
|
||||
import: any,
|
||||
|
|
@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ export const content = contentTree.map((item) => {
|
|||
slug: chp.slug,
|
||||
content: chp.import.default,
|
||||
frontMatter: chp.import.frontMatter,
|
||||
tableOfContents: chp.import.tableOfContents(),
|
||||
tableOfContents: chp.import.tableOfContents,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
return ("import" in item)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
|
|||
title: Intro to Inflection
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||
|
|
@ -21,7 +12,7 @@ import {
|
|||
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
|
||||
import Table from "../../components/Table";
|
||||
import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
|
||||
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula.js";
|
||||
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
|
||||
import catInflectionGif from "../../images/cat-inflection.gif";
|
||||
|
||||
export const singleInflectionHeadRow = [
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,28 +48,34 @@ If we think of a word as a little button <InlineInflectionButton />, then we can
|
|||
|
||||
### Inflecting for Reason #1 - Plural
|
||||
|
||||
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"سړي", f:"saRee", e:"men"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"ښځې", f:"xudze", e:"women"}],
|
||||
]}</Table>
|
||||
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"سړي", f:"saRee", e:"men"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"ښځې", f:"xudze", e:"women"}],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Table>
|
||||
|
||||
### Inflecting for Reason #2 - Sandwich
|
||||
|
||||
Let's attach a little <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"د ...", f:"du ...", e:"'s, of, possessive"}} /> sandwich to the same words and watch what happens.
|
||||
|
||||
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"د سړي نوم څه دی؟", f:"du saRee noom tsu dey?", e:"What's the man's name?"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"د ښځې نوم څه دی؟", f:"du xudze noom tsu dey?", e:"What's the woman's name?"}],
|
||||
]}</Table>
|
||||
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"د سړي نوم څه دی؟", f:"du saRee noom tsu dey?", e:"What's the man's name?"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"د ښځې نوم څه دی؟", f:"du xudze noom tsu dey?", e:"What's the woman's name?"}],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Table>
|
||||
|
||||
### Inflecting for Reason #3 - Subject of a transitive past tense verb
|
||||
|
||||
If a word is the subject of a past tense transitive verb, we also inflect it.
|
||||
|
||||
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"سړي ډوډۍ وخوړه", f:"saRee DoDuy óokhoRa", e:"The man ate food."}],
|
||||
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"ښځې ډوډۍ وخوړه", f:"xudze DoDuy óokhoRa", e:"The woman ate food."}],
|
||||
]}</Table>
|
||||
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"سړي ډوډۍ وخوړه", f:"saRee DoDuy óokhoRa", e:"The man ate food."}],
|
||||
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"ښځې ډوډۍ وخوړه", f:"xudze DoDuy óokhoRa", e:"The woman ate food."}],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Table>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how for all these reasons, the exact same thing happened to the words.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -103,34 +100,36 @@ Once a word gets inflected, you can push or bend it even further a second time.
|
|||
<div className="mr-2"><InlineInflectionButton inflection={2} /></div>
|
||||
<div className="align-self-center">2nd Inflection</div>
|
||||
</div>,
|
||||
]} opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"},
|
||||
{p:"سړي", f:"saRee"},
|
||||
{p:"سړیو", f:"saRiyo"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"},
|
||||
{p:"ښځې", f:"xudze"}, {p:"ښځو", f:"xudzo"}
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"دا سړی پښتون دی", f:"daa saRey puxtoon dey", e:"That man is a Pashtun", sub:"no reason to inflect"},
|
||||
{p:"هغوي سړي دي", f:"haghwee saRee dee", e:"They are men", sub:"inflect for plural"},
|
||||
{p:"د سړیو کور هلته دی", f:"du saRiyo kor halta dey", e:"The men's house is there", sub:"inflect for plural and sandwich"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
null,
|
||||
{p:"د سړي کور هلته دی", f:"du saRee kor halta dey", e:"The man's house is there", sub:"inflect for sandwich"},
|
||||
null,
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"دا ښځه پښتنه ده", f:"daa xudza puxtana da", e:"That woman is a Pashtun", sub:"no reason to inflect"},
|
||||
{p:"هغوي ښځې دي", f:"haghwee xudze dee", e:"They are women", sub:"inflect for plural"},
|
||||
{p:"د ښځو کور هلته دی", f:"du xudzo kor halta dey", e:"The ladies' house is there", sub:"inflect for plural and sandwich"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
null,
|
||||
{p:"د ښځې کور هلته دی", f:"du xudze kor halta dey", e:"The woman's house is there", sub:"inflect for sandwich"},
|
||||
null,
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}</Table>
|
||||
]} opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"},
|
||||
{p:"سړي", f:"saRee"},
|
||||
{p:"سړیو", f:"saRiyo"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"},
|
||||
{p:"ښځې", f:"xudze"}, {p:"ښځو", f:"xudzo"}
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"دا سړی پښتون دی", f:"daa saRey puxtoon dey", e:"That man is a Pashtun", sub:"no reason to inflect"},
|
||||
{p:"هغوي سړي دي", f:"haghwee saRee dee", e:"They are men", sub:"inflect for plural"},
|
||||
{p:"د سړیو کور هلته دی", f:"du saRiyo kor halta dey", e:"The men's house is there", sub:"inflect for plural and sandwich"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
null,
|
||||
{p:"د سړي کور هلته دی", f:"du saRee kor halta dey", e:"The man's house is there", sub:"inflect for sandwich"},
|
||||
null,
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"دا ښځه پښتنه ده", f:"daa xudza puxtana da", e:"That woman is a Pashtun", sub:"no reason to inflect"},
|
||||
{p:"هغوي ښځې دي", f:"haghwee xudze dee", e:"They are women", sub:"inflect for plural"},
|
||||
{p:"د ښځو کور هلته دی", f:"du xudzo kor halta dey", e:"The ladies' house is there", sub:"inflect for plural and sandwich"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
null,
|
||||
{p:"د ښځې کور هلته دی", f:"du xudze kor halta dey", e:"The woman's house is there", sub:"inflect for sandwich"},
|
||||
null,
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Table>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
|
|||
title: Inflection Patterns
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
|
|
@ -112,9 +103,11 @@ Animate nouns like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "بي بي", f: "beebee", e: "
|
|||
|
||||
It's important to know that *not all words can be inflected*. If a word doesn't fit into one of these 6 patterns, you can't inflect it. For example, if an adjective ends in an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـه", f: "-a" }} /> in the masculine form, you can't inflect it because it doesn't fit any of the patterns above. 🙅♂️
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad", sub: "...is also sad because it can't inflect like all the other words 😢" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad", sub: "...is also sad because it can't inflect like all the other words 😢" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Exceptions
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -126,32 +119,40 @@ When you put a <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern 1 - b
|
|||
|
||||
For example, let's put the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کوټه", f: "koTa", e: "room" }} /> inside the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... کې", f: "pu ... ke", e: "in" }} />. It doesn't inflect!
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه **په کوټه کې** یم", f: "zu **pu koTa ke** yum", e: "I am **in the room**" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه **په کوټه کې** یم", f: "zu **pu koTa ke** yum", e: "I am **in the room**" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
But if you make it plural, it *will* use the second inflection. Only the first inflection is skipped.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ **په کوټو کې** یو", f: "moonG **pu koTo ke** yoo", e: "We are **in the rooms**" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ **په کوټو کې** یو", f: "moonG **pu koTo ke** yoo", e: "We are **in the rooms**" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that in any other kind of sandwich, you still use the first inflection with these pattern 1 words.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **کوټې ته** ځم",
|
||||
f: "zu **koTé ta** dzum",
|
||||
e: "I'm going to the room",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **کوټې ته** ځم",
|
||||
f: "zu **koTé ta** dzum",
|
||||
e: "I'm going to the room",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Other sandwiches starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په", f: "pu" }} /> like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... باندې", f: "pu ... baande" }} /> are a bit flexible with these pattern 1 words. Sometimes people will inflect them and sometimes they won't.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه **په ښځه باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي", f: "hagha **pu xudza baande** DoDuy pakhawee", e: "He gets his wife to cook the food", sub: "not inflected" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه **په ښځې باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي", f: "hagha **pu xudze baande** DoDuy pakhawee", e: "He gets his wife to cook the food", sub: "inflected" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه **په ښځه باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي", f: "hagha **pu xudza baande** DoDuy pakhawee", e: "He gets his wife to cook the food", sub: "not inflected" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه **په ښځې باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي", f: "hagha **pu xudze baande** DoDuy pakhawee", e: "He gets his wife to cook the food", sub: "inflected" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Pattern 4 masculine animate nouns
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -161,69 +162,75 @@ Other sandwiches starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په", f: "pu" }}
|
|||
|
||||
For example, if we put the the singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پښټون", f: "puxtoon" }} /> in a sandwich, *usually* people will not inflect it.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **له پښتون سره** ناست یم",
|
||||
f: "zu **la puxtoon sara** naast yum",
|
||||
e: "I'm (m.) sitting **with the Pashtun** (m.)",
|
||||
sub: "masc - not inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **له پښتنې سره** ناسته یم",
|
||||
f: "zu **la puxtane sara** naasta yum",
|
||||
e: "I'm (f.) sitting **with the Pashtun** (f.)",
|
||||
sub: "fem - inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**د پښتون** نوم څه دی؟",
|
||||
f: "**du puxtoon** (m.) noom tsu dey?",
|
||||
e: "What is the **Pashtun's** (m.) name",
|
||||
sub: "masc - not inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **له پښتنو سره** ناست یم",
|
||||
f: "zu **la puxtano sara** naast yum",
|
||||
e: "I'm sitting **with the Pashtuns**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**د پښتنو** نومونه څه دی؟",
|
||||
f: "**du puxtano** noomoona tsu dee?",
|
||||
e: "What are the **Pashtun's** names",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **له پښتون سره** ناست یم",
|
||||
f: "zu **la puxtoon sara** naast yum",
|
||||
e: "I'm (m.) sitting **with the Pashtun** (m.)",
|
||||
sub: "masc - not inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **له پښتنې سره** ناسته یم",
|
||||
f: "zu **la puxtane sara** naasta yum",
|
||||
e: "I'm (f.) sitting **with the Pashtun** (f.)",
|
||||
sub: "fem - inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**د پښتون** نوم څه دی؟",
|
||||
f: "**du puxtoon** (m.) noom tsu dey?",
|
||||
e: "What is the **Pashtun's** (m.) name",
|
||||
sub: "masc - not inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **له پښتنو سره** ناست یم",
|
||||
f: "zu **la puxtano sara** naast yum",
|
||||
e: "I'm sitting **with the Pashtuns**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**د پښتنو** نومونه څه دی؟",
|
||||
f: "**du puxtano** noomoona tsu dee?",
|
||||
e: "What are the **Pashtun's** names",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### As subjects of past tense transitive verbs
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**پښتون** زه ولیدم",
|
||||
f: "**puxtoon** zu óoledum",
|
||||
e: "The Pashtun saw me",
|
||||
sub: "not inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**پښتنو** زه ولیدم",
|
||||
f: "**puxtano** zu óoledum",
|
||||
e: "The Pashtuns saw me",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**پښتون** زه ولیدم",
|
||||
f: "**puxtoon** zu óoledum",
|
||||
e: "The Pashtun saw me",
|
||||
sub: "not inflected",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**پښتنو** زه ولیدم",
|
||||
f: "**puxtano** zu óoledum",
|
||||
e: "The Pashtuns saw me",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Plural
|
||||
|
||||
But these words will *always* use the first inflection for the plural.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دلته **پښتانه** اوسېږي",
|
||||
f: "dalta **puxtaanu** oseGee",
|
||||
e: "**Pashtuns** live here",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا **د پښتنو** رواج دی",
|
||||
f: "daa **du puxtano** rawaaj dey",
|
||||
e: "This is **the Pashtuns'** custom"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دلته **پښتانه** اوسېږي",
|
||||
f: "dalta **puxtaanu** oseGee",
|
||||
e: "**Pashtuns** live here",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا **د پښتنو** رواج دی",
|
||||
f: "daa **du puxtano** rawaaj dey",
|
||||
e: "This is **the Pashtuns'** custom"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={inflectionPatternsGame1} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,17 +2,6 @@
|
|||
title: Intro
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
Pashto has a reputation for being difficult or mysterious. Learners are often overwhelmed and baffled by the how the words are constantly inflecting and changing, and they can be confused by the structure of sentences with past tense verbs, etc. 😩
|
||||
|
||||
But once we dive in and see how the language works we will see that **Pashto has a very beautiful and clear structure**. Like interlocking stones 🧱, or Lego pieces, the words and phrases have clear rules and constraints about how they can be placed together. Once we understand these rules, we can confidently and happily build little structures of meaning.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -30,30 +30,36 @@ For now, see if you can notice some of the basic patterns.
|
|||
|
||||
Some of the words change drastically:
|
||||
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{p:"حال", f:"haal", e:"condition"}, {p:"احوال", f:"ahwaal", e:"conditions"}],
|
||||
[{p:"لفظ", f:"lafz", e:"word"}, {p:"الفاظ", f:"alfaaz", e:"words"}],
|
||||
[{p:"مکتب", f:"maktab", e:"school"}, {p:"مکاتب", f:"makaatib", e:"schools"}],
|
||||
[{p:"نبي", f:"nabee", e:"prophet"}, {p:"انبیا", f:"ambiyáa", e:"prophets"}],
|
||||
[{p:"فرد",f:"fard", e:"person"},{p:"افراد", f:"afráad", e:"people"}],
|
||||
[{p:"قانون", f:"qaanóon", e:"law"},{p:"قوانین", f:"qawaanéen", e:"laws"}],
|
||||
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"حال", f:"haal", e:"condition"}, {p:"احوال", f:"ahwaal", e:"conditions"}],
|
||||
[{p:"لفظ", f:"lafz", e:"word"}, {p:"الفاظ", f:"alfaaz", e:"words"}],
|
||||
[{p:"مکتب", f:"maktab", e:"school"}, {p:"مکاتب", f:"makaatib", e:"schools"}],
|
||||
[{p:"نبي", f:"nabee", e:"prophet"}, {p:"انبیا", f:"ambiyáa", e:"prophets"}],
|
||||
[{p:"فرد",f:"fard", e:"person"},{p:"افراد", f:"afráad", e:"people"}],
|
||||
[{p:"قانون", f:"qaanóon", e:"law"},{p:"قوانین", f:"qawaanéen", e:"laws"}],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
Some add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ات", f: "áat" }} /> on the end:
|
||||
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{p:"توجیه", f:"tawjeeh", e:"justification"}, {p:"توجیهات", f:"tawjeehaat", e:"justifications"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ملاحظه", f:"mUlaahiza", e:"consideration"}, {p:"ملاحظات", f:"mUlaahizaat", e:"considerations"}]
|
||||
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"توجیه", f:"tawjeeh", e:"justification"}, {p:"توجیهات", f:"tawjeehaat", e:"justifications"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ملاحظه", f:"mUlaahiza", e:"consideration"}, {p:"ملاحظات", f:"mUlaahizaat", e:"considerations"}]
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
And some add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ین", f: "éen" }} /> on the end:
|
||||
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{p:"مجاهد", f:"mUjaahíd", e:"religious warrior"}, {p:"مجاهدین", f:"mUjaahidéen", e:"religious warriors"}],
|
||||
[{p:"متحد", f:"mUtahíd", e:"ally/allied"}, {p:"متحدین", f:"mUtahidéen", e:"allies"}],
|
||||
[{p:"معتاد", f:"mUtáad", e:"addict"}, {p:"معتادین", f:"mUtaadéen", e:"addicts"}],
|
||||
[{p:"مهاجر", f:"mUhaajir", e:"immigrant"}, {p:"مهاجرین", f:"mUhaajiréen", e:"immigrants"}],
|
||||
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"مجاهد", f:"mUjaahíd", e:"religious warrior"}, {p:"مجاهدین", f:"mUjaahidéen", e:"religious warriors"}],
|
||||
[{p:"متحد", f:"mUtahíd", e:"ally/allied"}, {p:"متحدین", f:"mUtahidéen", e:"allies"}],
|
||||
[{p:"معتاد", f:"mUtáad", e:"addict"}, {p:"معتادین", f:"mUtaadéen", e:"addicts"}],
|
||||
[{p:"مهاجر", f:"mUhaajir", e:"immigrant"}, {p:"مهاجرین", f:"mUhaajiréen", e:"immigrants"}],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
## Notes
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -61,44 +67,48 @@ And some add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ین", f: "éen" }} /> on the en
|
|||
|
||||
Once a word is put into it's special Arabic plural form, it's always a *masculine plural* (based on the consonant ending) even if the singular version of the word was feminine.
|
||||
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"ملاحظه", f:"mUlaahiza", e:"consideration (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
|
||||
{p:"ملاحظات", f:"mUlaahizaat", e:"considerations (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"تجربه", f:"tajraba", e:"experience (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
|
||||
{p:"تجارب", f:"tajaarab", e:"experiences (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"لفظ", f:"lafz", e:"word (m.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
{p:"الفاظ", f:"alfaaz", e:"words (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"قبیله", f:"qabeela", e:"tribe (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
|
||||
{p:"قبایل", f:"qabaayul", e:"tribes (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
<ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"ملاحظه", f:"mUlaahiza", e:"consideration (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
|
||||
{p:"ملاحظات", f:"mUlaahizaat", e:"considerations (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"تجربه", f:"tajraba", e:"experience (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
|
||||
{p:"تجارب", f:"tajaarab", e:"experiences (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"لفظ", f:"lafz", e:"word (m.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
{p:"الفاظ", f:"alfaaz", e:"words (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"قبیله", f:"qabeela", e:"tribe (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
|
||||
{p:"قبایل", f:"qabaayul", e:"tribes (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</ArabicPluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
### Arabic Plurals are Not Always Used
|
||||
|
||||
For many words, people may either use the regular Pashto plural endings or the special Arabic form. Here are a couple examples of words that are often said either way.
|
||||
|
||||
<Table opts={opts} headRow={["Singular", "Arabic Plural", "Pashto Plural"]}>{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"مکتب", f:"maktab", e:"school"},
|
||||
{p:"مکاتب", f:"makáatib", e:"schools"},
|
||||
{p:"مکتبونه", f:"maktaboona", e:"schools"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"مهاجر", f:"mUhaajir", e:"immigrant"},
|
||||
{p:"مهاجرین", f:"mUhaajiréen", e:"immigrants"},
|
||||
{p:"مهاجران", f:"mUhaajiráan", e:"immigrants"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"رابطه", f:"raabitá", e:"connection"},
|
||||
{p:"روابط", f:"rawáabit", e:"connections"},
|
||||
{p:"رابطې", f:"raabité", e:"connections"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}</Table>
|
||||
<Table opts={opts} headRow={["Singular", "Arabic Plural", "Pashto Plural"]}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"مکتب", f:"maktab", e:"school"},
|
||||
{p:"مکاتب", f:"makáatib", e:"schools"},
|
||||
{p:"مکتبونه", f:"maktaboona", e:"schools"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"مهاجر", f:"mUhaajir", e:"immigrant"},
|
||||
{p:"مهاجرین", f:"mUhaajiréen", e:"immigrants"},
|
||||
{p:"مهاجران", f:"mUhaajiráan", e:"immigrants"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{p:"رابطه", f:"raabitá", e:"connection"},
|
||||
{p:"روابط", f:"rawáabit", e:"connections"},
|
||||
{p:"رابطې", f:"raabité", e:"connections"},
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -26,17 +26,19 @@ For many nouns ending in a consonant, we can make a special kind of **"bundled p
|
|||
|
||||
To make this "bundled plural" we add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـه", f: "-a" }} /> to the end of the noun.
|
||||
|
||||
<BundledPluralTable>{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{ p: "کال", f: "kaal", e: "year" },
|
||||
{ p: "کاله", f: "kaala", e: "years" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{ p: "کس", f: "kas", e: "person" },
|
||||
{ p: "کسه", f: "kasa", e: "people" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{ p: "کرت", f: "karat", e: "time" },
|
||||
{ p: "کرته", f: "karata", e: "times" },
|
||||
]
|
||||
]}</BundledPluralTable>
|
||||
<BundledPluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[
|
||||
{ p: "کال", f: "kaal", e: "year" },
|
||||
{ p: "کاله", f: "kaala", e: "years" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{ p: "کس", f: "kas", e: "person" },
|
||||
{ p: "کسه", f: "kasa", e: "people" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
[
|
||||
{ p: "کرت", f: "karat", e: "time" },
|
||||
{ p: "کرته", f: "karata", e: "times" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</BundledPluralTable>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -41,27 +41,33 @@ To understand how to inflect words, have a look at the <Link to="/inflection/inf
|
|||
|
||||
### With masculine nouns
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable inflection>{[
|
||||
[{p: "سړی", f: "saRéy", e: "man", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#3-words-ending-in-a-stressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-éy--">pattern #3</Link> }, { p: "سړي", f: "saRée", e: "men" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "سپی", f: "spey", e: "dog", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#3-words-ending-in-a-stressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-éy--">pattern #3</Link> }, { p: "سپي", f: "spee", e: "dog" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "پښتون", f: "puxtóon", e: "Pashtun", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#4-words-with-the-pashtoon-pattern">pattern #4</Link> }, { p: "پښتانه", f: "puxtaanu", e: "Pashtuns" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "غل", f: "ghul", e: "thief", sub: <Link to="">pattern #5</Link> }, { p: "غله", f: "ghlu", e: "thieves" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable inflection>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p: "سړی", f: "saRéy", e: "man", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#3-words-ending-in-a-stressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-éy--">pattern #3</Link> }, { p: "سړي", f: "saRée", e: "men" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "سپی", f: "spey", e: "dog", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#3-words-ending-in-a-stressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-éy--">pattern #3</Link> }, { p: "سپي", f: "spee", e: "dog" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "پښتون", f: "puxtóon", e: "Pashtun", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#4-words-with-the-pashtoon-pattern">pattern #4</Link> }, { p: "پښتانه", f: "puxtaanu", e: "Pashtuns" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "غل", f: "ghul", e: "thief", sub: <Link to="">pattern #5</Link> }, { p: "غله", f: "ghlu", e: "thieves" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
### With feminine nouns
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable inflection>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "ښڅه", f: "xudza", e: "woman", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern #1</Link> }, { p: "ښځې", f: "xudze", e: "women" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "پښتنه", f: "puxtana", e: "Pashtun (f.)", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">pattern #5</Link> }, { p: "پښتنې", f: "puxtane", e: "Pashtuns (f.)" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "سختي", f: "sakhtée", e: "difficulty", sub: <Link to="inflection/feminine-inflection/#feminine-nouns-ending-in-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ي-f-ee--">ending in <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{ p: "ي", f: "ee" }}</InlinePs></Link> }, { p: "سختۍ", f: "sakhtúy", e: "difficulties" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable inflection>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "ښڅه", f: "xudza", e: "woman", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern #1</Link> }, { p: "ښځې", f: "xudze", e: "women" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "پښتنه", f: "puxtana", e: "Pashtun (f.)", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">pattern #5</Link> }, { p: "پښتنې", f: "puxtane", e: "Pashtuns (f.)" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "سختي", f: "sakhtée", e: "difficulty", sub: <Link to="inflection/feminine-inflection/#feminine-nouns-ending-in-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ي-f-ee--">ending in <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{ p: "ي", f: "ee" }}</InlinePs></Link> }, { p: "سختۍ", f: "sakhtúy", e: "difficulties" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
Note that in some forms of inflection with feminine nouns the word does not change at all in the first inflection. In these cases the singular and plural are just the same.
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable inflection>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "ملګرې", f: "malgúre", e: "friend (f.)", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">pattern #2</Link> }, { p: "ملګرې", f: "malgúre", e: "friends (f.)" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "کړکۍ", f: "kuRkúy", e: "window", sub: <Link to="/inflection/feminine-inflection/#feminine-nouns-ending-in-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ۍ-f-uy--">ending in <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{ p: "ۍ", f: "uy" }}</InlinePs></Link> }, { p: "کړکۍ", f: "kuRkúy", e: "windows" }]
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable inflection>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "ملګرې", f: "malgúre", e: "friend (f.)", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">pattern #2</Link> }, { p: "ملګرې", f: "malgúre", e: "friends (f.)" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "کړکۍ", f: "kuRkúy", e: "window", sub: <Link to="/inflection/feminine-inflection/#feminine-nouns-ending-in-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ۍ-f-uy--">ending in <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{ p: "ۍ", f: "uy" }}</InlinePs></Link> }, { p: "کړکۍ", f: "kuRkúy", e: "windows" }]
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
## Plural Endings
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -71,77 +77,91 @@ Note that in some forms of inflection with feminine nouns the word does not chan
|
|||
|
||||
This only works with **masculine nouns** that fit into the <Link to="/nouns/nouns-unisex/#1-basic">basic pattern</Link>. It's *usually* only used with inanimate things (not with people or animals). But there are exceptions...
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "کور", f: "kor", e: "house" }, { p: "کورونه", f: "koróona", e: "houses" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "څیز", f: "tseez", e: "thing" }, { p: "څیزونه", f: "tseezóona", e: "things" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "book" }, { p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "books" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "کور", f: "kor", e: "house" }, { p: "کورونه", f: "koróona", e: "houses" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "څیز", f: "tseez", e: "thing" }, { p: "څیزونه", f: "tseezóona", e: "things" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "book" }, { p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "books" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Animate Plural Ending ان - áan
|
||||
|
||||
This is *usually* only used with animate things (people or animals), but there are exceptions...
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "دوست", f: "dost", e: "friend" }, { p: "دوستان", f: "dostáan", e: "friends" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "مار", f: "maar", e: "snake" }, { p: "ماران", f: "maaráan", e: "snakes" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "ماما", f: "maamáa", e: "uncle" }, { p: "ماماګان", f: "maamaagáan", e: "uncles" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "دوست", f: "dost", e: "friend" }, { p: "دوستان", f: "dostáan", e: "friends" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "مار", f: "maar", e: "snake" }, { p: "ماران", f: "maaráan", e: "snakes" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "ماما", f: "maamáa", e: "uncle" }, { p: "ماماګان", f: "maamaagáan", e: "uncles" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: If the word ends with a non-shwa vowel, (ie. not 'u') a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ګ", f: "g" }} /> can be added to seperate the ending and the vowel.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** Sometimes the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ونه", f: "óona" }} /> ending is used with animate nouns, and somethimes the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ان", f: "áan" }} /> ending is used with inanimate nouns as well. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "شی", f: "shey", e: "thing" }, { p: "شیان", f: "sheyáan", e: "things" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "شی", f: "shey", e: "thing" }, { p: "شیان", f: "sheyáan", e: "things" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Feminine Plural Endings
|
||||
|
||||
Depending on the dialect, you can either add <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وې", f: "we" }} />, or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ګانې", f: "gáane" }} /> to the end of the word to make it plural.
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "دعا", f: "dUáa", e: "prayer" }, { p: "دعاوې", f: "dUáawe", e: "prayers" }],
|
||||
[null, { p: "دعاګانې", f: "dUaagáane", e: "prayers" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "بيشو", f: "peeshó", e: "cat 🐱" }, { p: "پیشووې", f: "peeshówe", e: "cats 🐱🐱" }],
|
||||
[null, { p: "پیشوګانې", f: "peeshogáane", e: "cats 🐱🐱" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "دعا", f: "dUáa", e: "prayer" }, { p: "دعاوې", f: "dUáawe", e: "prayers" }],
|
||||
[null, { p: "دعاګانې", f: "dUaagáane", e: "prayers" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "بيشو", f: "peeshó", e: "cat 🐱" }, { p: "پیشووې", f: "peeshówe", e: "cats 🐱🐱" }],
|
||||
[null, { p: "پیشوګانې", f: "peeshogáane", e: "cats 🐱🐱" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
#### With unisex animate nouns
|
||||
|
||||
When a noun is a <Link to="/nouns/nouns-unisex/">unisex noun</Link>, you often add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ې", f: "e" }} /> on the end of the <Link to="/nouns/nouns-plural/#animate-plural-ending-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ان-f-aan--">animate <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ان", f: "aan" }} /> ending</Link> instead of using the <Link to="/nouns/nouns-plural/#with-feminine-nouns">regular inflection</Link>.
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{ p: "استاذ", f: "Ustáaza", e: "teacher (f.) 👩🏫" }, { p: "استاذانې", f: "Ustaazáane", e: "teachers (f.) 👩🏫👩🏫" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "ډاکټره", f: "DakTára", e: "doctor (f.) 👩⚕️"}, { p: "ډاکټرانې", f: "DakTaráane", e: "doctors (f.) 👩⚕️👩⚕️" }],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{ p: "استاذ", f: "Ustáaza", e: "teacher (f.) 👩🏫" }, { p: "استاذانې", f: "Ustaazáane", e: "teachers (f.) 👩🏫👩🏫" }],
|
||||
[{ p: "ډاکټره", f: "DakTára", e: "doctor (f.) 👩⚕️"}, { p: "ډاکټرانې", f: "DakTaráane", e: "doctors (f.) 👩⚕️👩⚕️" }],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
## Irregular Plurals
|
||||
|
||||
Some nouns just have completely irregular plural forms.
|
||||
|
||||
<PluralTable>{[
|
||||
[{p:"خور", f:"khor", e:"sister"}, {p:"خویندې", f:"khweynde", e:"sisters"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ورور", f:"wror", e:"brother"}, {p:"وروڼه", f:"wróoNa", e:"brothers"}],
|
||||
[{p:"نجلۍ", f:"njuluy", e:"girl"},{p:"نجونې", f:"njoone", e:"girls"}],
|
||||
[{p:"مور", f:"mor", e:"mother"}, {p:"میندې", f:"mende", e:"mothers"}],
|
||||
[{p:"زوی", f:"zooy", e:"son"}, {p:"زامن", f:"zaamun", e:"sons"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ترور", f:"tror", e:"aunt"}, {p:"تریندې", f:"treynde", e:"aunts"}],
|
||||
[{p:"لور", f:"loor", e:"daughter"},{p:"لوڼې", f:"looNe", e:"daughters"}],
|
||||
[{p:"یور", f:"yor", e:"wife of a husbands' brother"},{p:"یوڼې", f:"yooNe", e:"wives of a husband's brother"}],
|
||||
[{p:"نږور", f:"nGor", e:"daughter-in-law"},{p:"نږیندې", f:"nGeynde", e:"daughter-in-laws"}],
|
||||
]}</PluralTable>
|
||||
<PluralTable>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
[{p:"خور", f:"khor", e:"sister"}, {p:"خویندې", f:"khweynde", e:"sisters"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ورور", f:"wror", e:"brother"}, {p:"وروڼه", f:"wróoNa", e:"brothers"}],
|
||||
[{p:"نجلۍ", f:"njuluy", e:"girl"},{p:"نجونې", f:"njoone", e:"girls"}],
|
||||
[{p:"مور", f:"mor", e:"mother"}, {p:"میندې", f:"mende", e:"mothers"}],
|
||||
[{p:"زوی", f:"zooy", e:"son"}, {p:"زامن", f:"zaamun", e:"sons"}],
|
||||
[{p:"ترور", f:"tror", e:"aunt"}, {p:"تریندې", f:"treynde", e:"aunts"}],
|
||||
[{p:"لور", f:"loor", e:"daughter"},{p:"لوڼې", f:"looNe", e:"daughters"}],
|
||||
[{p:"یور", f:"yor", e:"wife of a husbands' brother"},{p:"یوڼې", f:"yooNe", e:"wives of a husband's brother"}],
|
||||
[{p:"نږور", f:"nGor", e:"daughter-in-law"},{p:"نږیندې", f:"nGeynde", e:"daughter-in-laws"}],
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</PluralTable>
|
||||
|
||||
## Collective Plurals
|
||||
|
||||
Some nouns are just always considered plural, often because they are made up of a bunch of individual pieces.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "خلک", f: "khalk", e: "people/populace (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "اوړه", f: "ooRú", e: "flour (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "برنج", f: "birínj", e: "rice (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "اوبه", f: "oobú", e: "water (f. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "جوار", f: "jawáar", e: "corn (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "زهر", f: "zahur", e: "poison (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "سامان", f: "saamáan", e: "stuff, things (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "خلک", f: "khalk", e: "people/populace (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "اوړه", f: "ooRú", e: "flour (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "برنج", f: "birínj", e: "rice (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "اوبه", f: "oobú", e: "water (f. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "جوار", f: "jawáar", e: "corn (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "زهر", f: "zahur", e: "poison (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "سامان", f: "saamáan", e: "stuff, things (m. pl.)" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -223,14 +223,3 @@ See <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">patt
|
|||
]} />
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={unisexNounGame} />
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
{
|
||||
masc: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "بوډا", f: "booDáa", e: "old man" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
fem: {
|
||||
ex: {p: "بوډۍ", f: "booDúy", e: "old woman" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
|
@ -28,23 +28,27 @@ This is the easiest to make. It's just the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">im
|
|||
|
||||
Here's an example where we use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekúl" }} /> to describe *the activity or action* of writing. And, as with all these kind of participles, it functions as a **3rd person plural noun**.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** ښه دي",
|
||||
f: "**leekul** xu dee",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is good",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** ښه دي",
|
||||
f: "**leekul** xu dee",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is good",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
These kinds of participles are used like the "-ing" present particple in English, or like the "to be" infinitives in English.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **لیکل** غواړم",
|
||||
f: "zu **leekul** ghwaaRum",
|
||||
e: "I want **to write**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **لیکل** غواړم",
|
||||
f: "zu **leekul** ghwaaRum",
|
||||
e: "I want **to write**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Inflecting the Root/Infinitive Participle
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,37 +61,41 @@ And just like with other plural nouns, they are inflected by adding an <InlinePs
|
|||
|
||||
#### 1. Inflecting in a sandwich
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**د لیکلو لپاره** څه نشته",
|
||||
f: "**du leekulo lapaara** tsu nushta",
|
||||
e: "There's nothing to write",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **د پاڅېدلو** توان نه لرم",
|
||||
f: "zu **du patsedulo** twaan nu larum",
|
||||
e: "I don't have the strength to get up",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**د لیکلو لپاره** څه نشته",
|
||||
f: "**du leekulo lapaara** tsu nushta",
|
||||
e: "There's nothing to write",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **د پاڅېدلو** توان نه لرم",
|
||||
f: "zu **du patsedulo** twaan nu larum",
|
||||
e: "I don't have the strength to get up",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Inflecting as a subject of a past tense transitive verb
|
||||
|
||||
Since these particples are nouns, they can also be the subject of a sentance. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** ما ستړی کوي",
|
||||
f: "**leekul** maa stuRey kawee.",
|
||||
e: "Writing makes me tired",
|
||||
sub: "subject of a present tense transitive verb (not inflected)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکلو** زه ستړی کړم",
|
||||
f: "**leekulo** zu stuRey kRum",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** made me tired",
|
||||
sub: "subject of a past tense transitive verb (inflected)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** ما ستړی کوي",
|
||||
f: "**leekul** maa stuRey kawee.",
|
||||
e: "Writing makes me tired",
|
||||
sub: "subject of a present tense transitive verb (not inflected)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکلو** زه ستړی کړم",
|
||||
f: "**leekulo** zu stuRey kRum",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** made me tired",
|
||||
sub: "subject of a past tense transitive verb (inflected)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## ونکی - óonkey suffix
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -99,26 +107,28 @@ This form can be used to transform verbs into adjectives. For example, from the
|
|||
|
||||
These "adjectives" will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">inflect just like any other adjectives ending with an unstressed <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} /></Link>.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا یوه **دردونکې** کیسه ده",
|
||||
f: "daa yawa **dardawóonke** keesa da",
|
||||
e: "That's a sad story",
|
||||
sub: "(fem. sing.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا یو **دردونکی** ناول دی",
|
||||
f: "daa yo **dardawóonkey** naawul dey",
|
||||
e: "That's a sad novel",
|
||||
sub: "(masc. sing.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا **دردونکي** ناولونه دي",
|
||||
f: "daa **dardawóonkee** naawuloona dee",
|
||||
e: "Those are sad novels",
|
||||
sub: "(masc. plural.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا یوه **دردونکې** کیسه ده",
|
||||
f: "daa yawa **dardawóonke** keesa da",
|
||||
e: "That's a sad story",
|
||||
sub: "(fem. sing.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا یو **دردونکی** ناول دی",
|
||||
f: "daa yo **dardawóonkey** naawul dey",
|
||||
e: "That's a sad novel",
|
||||
sub: "(masc. sing.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دا **دردونکي** ناولونه دي",
|
||||
f: "daa **dardawóonkee** naawuloona dee",
|
||||
e: "Those are sad novels",
|
||||
sub: "(masc. plural.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### As an agent noun
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -198,49 +208,53 @@ export const agentNounExamples = [
|
|||
|
||||
Of course, these nouns will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">inflect just like any other nounse ending with an unstressed <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} /></Link>.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**زده کوونکي** مکتب ته ځي",
|
||||
f: "**zda kawoonkee** maktab to dzee",
|
||||
e: "The **students (male)** are going to school",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**زده کوونکې** مکتب ته ځي",
|
||||
f: "**zda kawoonke** maktab to dzee",
|
||||
e: "The **students (female)** are going to school",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ګرانو **لیدونکو**، ستړي مه شئ",
|
||||
f: "graano **leedóonko**, stuRee ma sheyy",
|
||||
e: "Hello dear viewers",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**زده کوونکي** مکتب ته ځي",
|
||||
f: "**zda kawoonkee** maktab to dzee",
|
||||
e: "The **students (male)** are going to school",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**زده کوونکې** مکتب ته ځي",
|
||||
f: "**zda kawoonke** maktab to dzee",
|
||||
e: "The **students (female)** are going to school",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ګرانو **لیدونکو**، ستړي مه شئ",
|
||||
f: "graano **leedóonko**, stuRee ma sheyy",
|
||||
e: "Hello dear viewers",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Past Participle
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- These are formed by adding a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ونکی", f: "oonkey" }} /> to the end of the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">imperfective root</Link> of a verb. -->
|
||||
{/* These are formed by adding a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ونکی", f: "oonkey" }} /> to the end of the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">imperfective root</Link> of a verb. */}
|
||||
|
||||
They work as an adjective... EXPLANATION COMING SOON.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د موټړو په ښیښو **لیکې** خبرې",
|
||||
f: "du moTur pu xeexo **leekúle** khabure",
|
||||
e: "Words **written** on car windows",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کلاس په **ټاکلي** وخت کې پیل شو",
|
||||
f: "klaas pu **Takúlee** wakht peyl sho",
|
||||
e: "Class started at the **appointed** time",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**راغلي** خلک هلته ناست دي",
|
||||
f: "**raaghúlee** khalk halta naast dee",
|
||||
e: "The people **that came** are sitting there",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي له **راغلو** خلکو سره مرسته کوي",
|
||||
f: "haghwee la **raaghúlo** khalko sara mrasta kawee",
|
||||
e: "They are helping the people that came.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د موټړو په ښیښو **لیکې** خبرې",
|
||||
f: "du moTur pu xeexo **leekúle** khabure",
|
||||
e: "Words **written** on car windows",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کلاس په **ټاکلي** وخت کې پیل شو",
|
||||
f: "klaas pu **Takúlee** wakht peyl sho",
|
||||
e: "Class started at the **appointed** time",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**راغلي** خلک هلته ناست دي",
|
||||
f: "**raaghúlee** khalk halta naast dee",
|
||||
e: "The people **that came** are sitting there",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي له **راغلو** خلکو سره مرسته کوي",
|
||||
f: "haghwee la **raaghúlo** khalko sara mrasta kawee",
|
||||
e: "They are helping the people that came.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
@ -24,29 +24,34 @@ An AP is either:
|
|||
- an adverb, or
|
||||
- a sandwich
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Adverb
|
||||
|
||||
An adverb is a word or expression that modifies the time, manner, place, etc. of a phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "adverb",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "adverb",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "adverb",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527819967,"i":5428,"p":"خامخا","f":"khaamakhaa","g":"khaamakhaa","e":"definitely, for sure, whether someone wants or not, willy-nilly (this last use more in Urdu)","c":"adv."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "adverb",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527819967,"i":5428,"p":"خامخا","f":"khaamakhaa","g":"khaamakhaa","e":"definitely, for sure, whether someone wants or not, willy-nilly (this last use more in Urdu)","c":"adv."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Note on inflecting adverbs
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -54,9 +59,11 @@ Adverbs don't normally inflect, but they *will inflect* if they are words that c
|
|||
|
||||
Notice how the adverb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "tired" }} /> inflects depending on who is sitting in this example:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.23089213205851067,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3252190155472441,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6352,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},{"key":0.015377073636430039,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7722,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj. / adv."}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13461,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.23089213205851067,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3252190155472441,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6352,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},{"key":0.015377073636430039,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7722,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj. / adv."}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13461,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
When an adverb can also be used as an adjective it will inflect to agree with:
|
||||
- With <EP text="EPs" />: the subject
|
||||
|
|
@ -70,65 +77,69 @@ In English we have have [prepositions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
|
|||
|
||||
These "sandwiches" are also used as an adverb to give more information for the phrase. They take an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link> in the middle. For example if we want to say "in the house" we take the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... کې", f: "pu ... ke", e: "in" }} /> and put the NP <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کور", f: "kor", e: "house" }} /> inside of it.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "sandwich",
|
||||
before: { p: "په", f: "pu" },
|
||||
after: { p: "کې", f: "ke" },
|
||||
e: "in",
|
||||
inside: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812828,"i":10539,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "sandwich",
|
||||
before: { p: "په", f: "pu" },
|
||||
after: { p: "کې", f: "ke" },
|
||||
e: "in",
|
||||
inside: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812828,"i":10539,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
Because the inside of a sandwich is an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link> we can also spice it up by adding adjectives.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "sandwich",
|
||||
before: { p: "په", f: "pu" },
|
||||
after: { p: "کې", f: "ke" },
|
||||
e: "in",
|
||||
inside: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812828,"i":10539,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812625,"i":9128,"p":"غټ","f":"ghuT, ghaT","g":"ghuT,ghaT","e":"big, fat","c":"adj."},
|
||||
}],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "sandwich",
|
||||
before: { p: "په", f: "pu" },
|
||||
after: { p: "کې", f: "ke" },
|
||||
e: "in",
|
||||
inside: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812828,"i":10539,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812625,"i":9128,"p":"غټ","f":"ghuT, ghaT","g":"ghuT,ghaT","e":"big, fat","c":"adj."},
|
||||
}],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
We can also add a possesor it hangs outside of the sandwich. All together it's still all considered one AP block though.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "sandwich",
|
||||
|
|
@ -167,13 +178,13 @@ We can also add a possesor it hangs outside of the sandwich. All together it's s
|
|||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
}}
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
Here's another example using the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "سره", f: "sara", e: "with" }} />:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{{
|
||||
type: "AP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "sandwich",
|
||||
|
|
@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ Here's another example using the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "سره
|
|||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
}}
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how when we put the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ملګری", f: "malgúrey", e: "friend" }} /> inside the sandwich it <Link to="/inflection/inflection-intro/">inflects</Link>. You <strong>always inflect the inside of the sandwich</strong> except for <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#exceptions">two exceptions</Link>.
|
||||
|
|
@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import EditableVPEx from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx";
|
|||
import EditableEPEx from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableEPEx";
|
||||
|
||||
export function BlocksIcon() {
|
||||
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-cubes" />;
|
||||
};
|
||||
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-cubes" />
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Pashto phrases are built with **blocks** 🧱 and **kids** 👶. It's important to know what these parts are and how they fit together.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -33,17 +33,23 @@ Blocks are units of speech like <NP text="NPs" />, <AP text="APs" /> or verbs, e
|
|||
|
||||
Wherever you see an example phrase with a <BlocksIcon /> you can click it to see the blocks that make up the phrase. Try clicking the <BlocksIcon /> to see the blocks that make up the examples below.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.21116655057859535,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.3303626365055592,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.03422215123934946,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.21116655057859535,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.3303626365055592,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.03422215123934946,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} noEdit hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":true},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} noEdit hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":true},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.3303626365055592,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.03422215123934946,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.3303626365055592,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.03422215123934946,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
You will see a bunch of different blocks. Don't worry about learning what they all are, but if you want here's a complete list:
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
|
@ -74,17 +80,23 @@ The **kids' section is always after the first block**.
|
|||
|
||||
Click on the <BlocksIcon /> on the following examples to see where the kids' section lies.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.27231313024586834,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6810015291689175,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.27231313024586834,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6810015291689175,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject noEdit>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"future","negative":true},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject noEdit>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"future","negative":true},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.27231313024586834,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6810015291689175,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.27231313024586834,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6810015291689175,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the kids go in the kids' section, and they always line up **in this order**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -21,17 +21,21 @@ A **complement** is a separate block in a <VP /> or <EP /> that describes an <NP
|
|||
|
||||
For example, in the phrase:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527822049,"i":3621,"p":"تکړه","f":"takRá","g":"takRa","e":"strong, energetic, skillful, great, competent","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527822049,"i":3621,"p":"تکړه","f":"takRá","g":"takRa","e":"strong, energetic, skillful, great, competent","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تکړه", f: "takRá", e: "strong" }} /> is a <em>complement</em> that describes the object, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "you" }} />. Incidentally, that whole sentence is a <em>compliment</em>, which is a flattering or affirming remark (see [complement vs. compliment](https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/complement-and-compliment-usage-difference)), so yes, you will often use complements in compliments. 😅
|
||||
|
||||
Complements also show up in other places too.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6125075141659033,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.1352596942418407,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10633,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812798,"i":5647,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6125075141659033,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.1352596942418407,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10633,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812798,"i":5647,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad" }} /> is a <em>complement</em> that describes the object, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ما", f: "maa", e: "me" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,51 +56,69 @@ Adjectives seem like the most natural and common things to use as a complement.
|
|||
|
||||
Click on the <BlocksIcon /> to see what the complement is in the examples below.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5828,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5828,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6407963893481012,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6392166687010554,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10699,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5828,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6407963893481012,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6392166687010554,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10699,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5828,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that the adjective will inflect to match the <NP /> that it is describing. Try editing <EditIcon /> the examples below and see how the adjective changes when you change the <NP /> it describes.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6407963893481012,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6392166687010554,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10699,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6407963893481012,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6392166687010554,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10699,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2936852927534954,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9001306626884367,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10633,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2936852927534954,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9001306626884367,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10633,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Locative Adverb
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use an **adverb that describes a location** as a complement. These do not inflect.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6256,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6256,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812449,"i":13967,"p":"هلته","f":"hálta, álta","g":"halta,alta","e":"there","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812449,"i":13967,"p":"هلته","f":"hálta, álta","g":"halta,alta","e":"there","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Sandwich
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use a <Sandwich /> as a complement to describe an <NP /> (where it is, who it's with, what it's for etc. etc.)
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10018,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"د","f":"du"},"after":{"p":"لپاره","f":"lapaara"},"e":"for","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11715,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10018,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"د","f":"du"},"after":{"p":"لپاره","f":"lapaara"},"e":"for","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11715,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Complement Noun
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -115,14 +137,16 @@ For example, we have the compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "حلېدل", f
|
|||
|
||||
The complement noun <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "حل", f: "hal", e: "solution" }} /> gets used almost as if it were an adjective (in an English brain).
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
f: "مسئله **حل** شوه",
|
||||
p: "masala **hal** shwa",
|
||||
e: "The problem was solved",
|
||||
sub: "lit. The problem became **solution**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
f: "مسئله **حل** شوه",
|
||||
p: "masala **hal** shwa",
|
||||
e: "The problem was solved",
|
||||
sub: "lit. The problem became **solution**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice this is a **noun** in this sentence, not an adjective. That means that:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -136,13 +160,15 @@ We also have the the dynamic compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرح
|
|||
|
||||
So we can use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استراحات", f: "istiraháat", e: "rest/relaxation" }} /> as a complement noun. You might here someone say:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "اوپخښه. ته **استرحات** وې؟",
|
||||
f: "oobakhxa. tu **istiraháat** we?",
|
||||
e: "Sorry. Were you resting?",
|
||||
sub: "lit. Sorry. Were you **relaxation**?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "اوپخښه. ته **استرحات** وې؟",
|
||||
f: "oobakhxa. tu **istiraháat** we?",
|
||||
e: "Sorry. Were you resting?",
|
||||
sub: "lit. Sorry. Were you **relaxation**?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Again this makes absolutely no sense to the English brain, but it happens in all the time in Pashto (and many other languages), so you'll just have to accept it.
|
||||
|
|
@ -60,63 +60,81 @@ Let's look at some examples using each of these kinds of complements. Click on t
|
|||
|
||||
An adjective is a word that describes what the subject is like. Notice that if possible, it will inflect to agree with the subject.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5823,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5823,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### With a location adverb
|
||||
|
||||
A location adverb is a word that describes the location of the subject. Don't worry, it doesn't inflect.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812449,"i":13954,"p":"هلته","f":"hálta, álta","g":"halta,alta","e":"there","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812449,"i":13954,"p":"هلته","f":"hálta, álta","g":"halta,alta","e":"there","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### With a sandwich
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use any kind of sandwich to describe the subject of an EP.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10540,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10540,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### With a complement noun
|
||||
|
||||
In Pashto there are a lot of [compound verbs](https://www.lingdocs.com/blog/pashto-compound-verbs) that use *nouns* as the complement. For example, to become angry <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "غوسه کېدل", f: "ghwUsa kedul", e: "to become angry" }} /> uses the complement <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "غوسه", f: "ghWusa", e: "anger" }} />. This complement noun can also be used with an equative, for instance.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه **غوسه** دی", f: "hagha **ghwUsa** dey", e: "He is **angry**" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه **غوسه** دی", f: "hagha **ghwUsa** dey", e: "He is **angry**" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
In English it would [sound funny](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/U7X7cEh5au8) to say "I am anger," but in Pashto it's normal. These complement nouns get treated almost as if they were adjectives. Except...
|
||||
|
||||
You will notice how when people use these complement nouns with equatives they *don't inflect* based on the subject. For instance you could ask if someone is resting using the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرحات", f: "istiraháat", e: "rest" }} /> from the compound verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرحات کول", f: "istirahaat kawul", e: "to rest" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ته استرحات یې؟", f: "tu istirahaat ye?", e: "Are you (m.) **resting**?" },
|
||||
{ p: "ته استرحات یې؟", f: "tu istirahaat ye?", e: "Are you (f.) **resting**?" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ته استرحات یې؟", f: "tu istirahaat ye?", e: "Are you (m.) **resting**?" },
|
||||
{ p: "ته استرحات یې؟", f: "tu istirahaat ye?", e: "Are you (f.) **resting**?" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
You don't inflect the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرحات", f: "istiraháat", e: "rest" }} /> because it's a noun, not an adjective.
|
||||
|
||||
It's not always that straightforward though. Some complement nouns get used so much they get treated (by some people) as adjectives and *will* inflect. A good example of this is the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خبر", f: "khabur", e: "news" }} /> in <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خبرېدل", f: "khabredul", e: "to become aware of" }} />. Some people will inflect it, and some people won't.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه **خبر** یم", f: "zu **khabúr** yum", e: "I (f.) am aware", sub: "not inflected" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه **خبره** یم", f: "zu **khabúra** yum", e: "I (f.) am aware", sub: "inflected" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه **خبر** یم", f: "zu **khabúr** yum", e: "I (f.) am aware", sub: "not inflected" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه **خبره** یم", f: "zu **khabúra** yum", e: "I (f.) am aware", sub: "inflected" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## 2. NP + NP
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -128,25 +146,33 @@ It's not always that straightforward though. Some complement nouns get used so m
|
|||
|
||||
Sometimes you need to say that an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link> is an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link>. <strong>The equative always agrees with the <em>last</em> <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link></strong>.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819521,"i":5824,"p":"خوشالي","f":"khoshaalee","g":"khoshaalee","e":"happiness (خوشحالي)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819521,"i":5824,"p":"خوشالي","f":"khoshaalee","g":"khoshaalee","e":"happiness (خوشحالي)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819521,"i":5824,"p":"خوشالي","f":"khoshaalee","g":"khoshaalee","e":"happiness (خوشحالي)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819521,"i":5824,"p":"خوشالي","f":"khoshaalee","g":"khoshaalee","e":"happiness (خوشحالي)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812903,"i":13128,"p":"مینه","f":"meena","g":"meena","e":"love","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812903,"i":13128,"p":"مینه","f":"meena","g":"meena","e":"love","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
## Adding APs
|
||||
|
||||
You can add as many <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap/">APs</Link> as you like to a phrase. For example if we wanted to say that the weather is good <strong>here</strong> we can add the <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap/">AP</Link> <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دلته", f: "dălta", e: "here - adverb" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.925654634890972,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812672,"i":14045,"p":"هوا","f":"hawaa","g":"hawaa","e":"air, atmosphere; weather","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.925654634890972,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812672,"i":14045,"p":"هوا","f":"hawaa","g":"hawaa","e":"air, atmosphere; weather","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Try adding clicking the <EditIcon /> and adding other <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap/">APs</Link> to this or other examples above.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -154,10 +180,14 @@ Try adding clicking the <EditIcon /> and adding other <Link to="/phrase-structur
|
|||
|
||||
If it's obvious who/what you're talking about you can always leave out the subject.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":true}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":true}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":true}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":true}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
|||
export const data = {
|
||||
name: "bill",
|
||||
age: 34,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
|
@ -24,75 +24,81 @@ A noun phrase (NP) in Pashto is one of the following three things:
|
|||
|
||||
A **noun** is a word that we use to identify people, places, things, or ideas. One of these words by itself it forms a NP, one of the basic building blocks.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Adding adjectives
|
||||
|
||||
We can also **extend our noun by adding *adjectives***. Let's add the *adjective* <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }} /> to our NP.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
}],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
}],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
Now we have two words, but it's still **one NP**, one building block. We can add as many adjectives as we want, and it still stays as one single building block. Click on the <EditIcon /> icon below to try adding or removing more adjectives.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812625,"i":9119,"p":"غټ","f":"ghuT, ghaT","g":"ghuT,ghaT","e":"big, fat","c":"adj."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1578329248464,"i":7542,"p":"سپین","f":"speen","g":"speen","e":"white (fig. clear, honest, beautiful)","c":"adj."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812625,"i":9119,"p":"غټ","f":"ghuT, ghaT","g":"ghuT,ghaT","e":"big, fat","c":"adj."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1578329248464,"i":7542,"p":"سپین","f":"speen","g":"speen","e":"white (fig. clear, honest, beautiful)","c":"adj."},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
possesor: undefined,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
It's important to note that the adjective will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/">inflect</Link> according to the noun it's attached to.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -100,92 +106,96 @@ It's important to note that the adjective will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-
|
|||
|
||||
We can also add a **possesor** by adding another NP <Link to="/sandwiches/sandwiches/">sandwiched</Link> in with a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "du", e: "of"}} />. (Notice that the word sandwiched in there will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-intro/">inflect</Link> if possible.) Now we have a NP inside of an NP, but it's still all **one NP** or **one building block**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812881,"i":11694,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: true,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
}
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812881,"i":11694,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: true,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
If our possesor is a noun, we can add a possesor to *it*. Try clicking the <EditIcon /> icon below and adding possesors to the possesors, you can go forever! 🤯
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812881,"i":11694,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: true,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815177,"i":2530,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9999,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "adjective",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7245,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812881,"i":11694,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: true,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815177,"i":2530,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m."},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: false,
|
||||
number: "singular",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
A possesor can have another possesor which can have another posseser and so-on and on *forever*. The nerdy word for this phenomenon where things reference/repeat themselves is [recursion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion). 🤓
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -205,27 +215,31 @@ A pronoun is a word like "I", "you", "us", "them" that signifies a person or thi
|
|||
|
||||
You can't add any adjectives or possesors to pronouns in Pashto. They just stand on their own as an NP.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "pronoun",
|
||||
person: 0,
|
||||
distance: "far",
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "pronoun",
|
||||
person: 0,
|
||||
distance: "far",
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "pronoun",
|
||||
person: 11,
|
||||
distance: "far",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "pronoun",
|
||||
person: 11,
|
||||
distance: "far",
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
### Participle
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -234,102 +248,114 @@ In Pashto you can use the infinitive form of a verb as a participle, meaning you
|
|||
- "to write" or
|
||||
- "writing"
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "participle",
|
||||
verb: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11617,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "participle",
|
||||
verb: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11617,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
Then we can use this NP just like we would any other noun in a sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **لیکل** غواړم.",
|
||||
f: "zu **leekúl** ghwaaRum.",
|
||||
e: "I want **to write**",
|
||||
sub: "'to write' - used as an object",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** سخت دي.",
|
||||
f: "**leekúl** sakht dee.",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
|
||||
sub: "'writing' - used as a subject",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه **لیکل** غواړم.",
|
||||
f: "zu **leekúl** ghwaaRum.",
|
||||
e: "I want **to write**",
|
||||
sub: "'to write' - used as an object",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** سخت دي.",
|
||||
f: "**leekúl** sakht dee.",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
|
||||
sub: "'writing' - used as a subject",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
The important thing to know about these kinds of NPs (participles) is that they are *always* considered **masculine plural**.
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how in the example above we said
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** سخت دي.",
|
||||
f: "**leekúl** sakht dee.",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
|
||||
sub: "'writing' - is *masculine plural*",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** سخت دي.",
|
||||
f: "**leekúl** sakht dee.",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
|
||||
sub: "'writing' - is *masculine plural*",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
We could *not* say
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** سخت دی. ❌",
|
||||
f: "**leekúl** sakht dey. ❌",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**لیکل** سخت دی. ❌",
|
||||
f: "**leekúl** sakht dey. ❌",
|
||||
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
We can also **add subjects or objects** to the participle by <Link to="/sandwiches/sandwiches/">sandwiching</Link> them in with a possesive <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "du", e: "of" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if we take the participle <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وهل", f: "wahúl", e: "to hit / hitting" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "participle",
|
||||
verb: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815399,"i":14463,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "participle",
|
||||
verb: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815399,"i":14463,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
And we can add the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ماشومان", f: "maashoomaan", e: "children" }} /> by sandwiching it in like we did with the possesor, we get
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "participle",
|
||||
verb: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815399,"i":14463,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812881,"i":11694,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: true,
|
||||
number: "plural",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "participle",
|
||||
verb: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815399,"i":14463,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"},
|
||||
},
|
||||
possesor: {
|
||||
shrunken: false,
|
||||
np: {
|
||||
type: "NP",
|
||||
selection: {
|
||||
type: "noun",
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812881,"i":11694,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},
|
||||
gender: "masc",
|
||||
genderCanChange: true,
|
||||
number: "plural",
|
||||
numberCanChange: true,
|
||||
adjectives: [],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</EditableBlock>
|
||||
</EditableBlock>
|
||||
|
||||
The noun we just attached can be a subject *or* an object of the participle. You just have to know from context. So this NP can mean either:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -338,11 +364,13 @@ The noun we just attached can be a subject *or* an object of the participle. You
|
|||
|
||||
And we can use this NP block as noun in a sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([{
|
||||
p: "**د ماشومانو وهل** ښه نه دي.",
|
||||
f: "**du maashoomaano wahul** xu nu dee.",
|
||||
e: "**Hitting children** is bad.",
|
||||
}])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([{
|
||||
p: "**د ماشومانو وهل** ښه نه دي.",
|
||||
f: "**du maashoomaano wahul** xu nu dee.",
|
||||
e: "**Hitting children** is bad.",
|
||||
}])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Overview
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -357,8 +385,8 @@ An **NP** is one of the following:
|
|||
|
||||
Notice how NPs can contain other NPs, and therefore go on foreeeever. So you could have like 50 words packed together and it would all be **one single NP**, **one building block** in a sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- ## NP Playground
|
||||
{/* ## NP Playground
|
||||
|
||||
Now try making your own NPs from scratch! 👩🍳 See if you can make really big ones like "hitting my good old friend's brother's father's big dog."
|
||||
|
||||
<NPPlayground opts={opts} /> -->
|
||||
<NPPlayground opts={opts} /> */}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
|
|||
InlinePs,
|
||||
Examples,
|
||||
makeNounSelection,
|
||||
role
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||
|
|
@ -25,18 +24,20 @@ export function KingIcon() {
|
|||
|
||||
export function ServantIcon() {
|
||||
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-male" />;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B-hrsnCk50&t=1s&ab_channel=LingDocs" />
|
||||
|
||||
Pashto has a very special way of shortening <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp">VP</Link>s. In a language like English if we want to say "I saw her," we can only say, "I saw her." But in Pashto there are many ways to shorten and to say this.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما هغه ولیده", f: "maa haghá óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "full form" },
|
||||
{ p: "ما ولیده", f: "maa óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #1" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه مې ولیده", f: "haghá me óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #2" },
|
||||
{ p: "ومې لیده", f: "óo-me leeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #3" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما هغه ولیده", f: "maa haghá óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "full form" },
|
||||
{ p: "ما ولیده", f: "maa óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #1" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه مې ولیده", f: "haghá me óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #2" },
|
||||
{ p: "ومې لیده", f: "óo-me leeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #3" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
So what is going on here? 🧐 This is another behaviour of Pashto that can seem very illogical or confusing to the learner. Thankfully though, there's a very clear rule about how these phrases are shortened up.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -86,29 +87,37 @@ This is a litle memory aid to help us remember the two things that we can do to
|
|||
|
||||
Now we can look at some examples to see how this works. Let's take a very simple sentence:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
This is a <Link to="/vp/#2-with-non-past-transitive-verbs-">present-tense transitive</Link> phrase. See if you can figure out what the king <KingIcon /> and servant <ServantIcon /> are in this sentence, then click on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" /> to see what they are.
|
||||
|
||||
Got it? So now we know we can **kill the king**. Since the king controls the verb, we can just leave it out.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
The other thing we can do is we can **shrink the servant** 🪄 and turn it into a <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronoun</Link>. The servant here is <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تا", f: "taa", e: "you - 2nd. pers. sing." }} /> so it will get shrunk into the 2nd pers. sing. <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronoun</Link>, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دې", f: "de" }} />. Because it's a little mini-pronoun 👶 it has to go in the <KidsSection />. (After the first block)
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Now if we want to make our sentence *really* short we can **kill the king** *and* **shrink the servant**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
It's very important to remember to play by the rules. You can **kill the king** and **shrink the servant** but you cannot kill the servant or shrink the king! 🙅♂ (That's another mistake that Pashto learners make a lot!)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -118,27 +127,35 @@ Let's try another example with a <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#3-with-past-ten
|
|||
|
||||
Here's the same phrase but using a continuous past verb. Take a second and identify the king and the servant in the phrase below, and then check by clicking on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Let's go ahead and **kill the king**, which in this case is the *subject*.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Looks quite different, but we're still following the same rule. Now let's **shrink the servant**. 🪄 This time the servant is the *object* <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ما", f: "maa", e: "I - 1st pers. sing." }} /> so it will get shrunk into the 1nd pers. sing. <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronoun</Link>, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مې", f: "me" }} /> and go in the <KidsSection />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
And of course we can do both **kill the king** and **shrink the servant**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how our shortened sentences look completely different from the present-tense version above, but they follow the exact same two rules for shortening with the king and servant. This all feels like mental gymnastics to the learner, but Pashtuns will very casually use all these different forms of shortening depending on what they want to emphasize or the flow of conversation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -146,15 +163,19 @@ Notice how our shortened sentences look completely different from the present-te
|
|||
|
||||
Let's look at another example with an <Link to="/vp/#1-with-intransitive-verbs-">intransitive verb</Link>.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
The **king** <KingIcon /> of this sentence is the *subject* <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I" }} />. So we can **kill the king** and leave that out.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that we cannot **shrink the servant** because there is no servant in a VP with an intransitive verb. The learner is often tempted to shrink the king into a mini-pronoun, but that is *not allowed!* 🙅♂️
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -162,18 +183,24 @@ Notice that we cannot **shrink the servant** because there is no servant in a VP
|
|||
|
||||
Try shortening these other examples. Notice how the <KidsSection /> (after the first block), and the <KidsSection /> changes depending on what's in the phrase. If we start the phrase with an <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap">AP</Link> the mini pronoun will fall right after that first AP. Try shrinking this sentence all the way (click on "both") and see what happens.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5372523258610236,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815151,"i":2140,"p":"پارک","f":"paark","g":"paark","e":"park","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5372523258610236,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815151,"i":2140,"p":"پارک","f":"paark","g":"paark","e":"park","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Or if a phrase is using a <Link to="/verbs/verb-aspect/">perfective verb</Link>, then the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/#about-the-split-in-the-perfective-side">front part of the verb can split off</Link> into a seperate block. This puts the kids' section in an interesting place... see what happens when you hit "both" for this phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Go ahead, click on the <EditIcon /> and try making your own phrases and shrinking them.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9914022242777141,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.35863341169816,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.028227454947787223,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9914022242777141,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.35863341169816,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.028227454947787223,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
|
||||
<svg
|
||||
width="724.26672"
|
||||
height="540.30212"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 29 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 29 KiB |
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||||
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||
|
||||
<svg
|
||||
width="724.26672"
|
||||
height="540.30212"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 98 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 98 KiB |
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
|
|||
InlinePs,
|
||||
Examples,
|
||||
makeNounSelection,
|
||||
role
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||
|
|
@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ export function KingIcon() {
|
|||
|
||||
export function ServantIcon() {
|
||||
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-male" />;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
<div className="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
|
||||
<strong>Note:</strong> This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in small parts if you need to, but it's <em>super important</em> to understand if you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto (This will help you understand past tense etc.)
|
||||
|
|
@ -39,9 +38,11 @@ In <Link to="/phrase-structure/ep/">the last section</Link> we learned how to bu
|
|||
|
||||
For example, if I say:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه وریژي **خورم**", f: "zu wrijze **khorum**", e: "I am eating rice" }
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه وریژي **خورم**", f: "zu wrijze **khorum**", e: "I am eating rice" }
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
This is a **VP** built with the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خوړل", f: "khoRul", e: "to eat" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -82,17 +83,23 @@ We'll call the subject is the **king** <KingIcon /> of the phrase because it con
|
|||
|
||||
Check out the following examples. Click on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" /> to see the structure of the phrase in blocks. Click on the <EditIcon /> to change the subject and see how the verb changes with it.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6249110810530165,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.1526649374428386,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6249110810530165,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.1526649374428386,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.09496144009475649,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9212151213586337,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11586,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.09496144009475649,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9212151213586337,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11586,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16198632970883398,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.48028409958746776,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814025,"i":5482,"p":"ختل","f":"khatul","g":"khatul","e":"to climb, ascend, rise, go up; to fall out, to fall off, to leave/dissapear; to turn out to be ...; to give a sentence (in law)","c":"v. intrans.","psp":"خېژ","psf":"khejz","tppp":"خوت","tppf":"khot","ec":"climb"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16198632970883398,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.48028409958746776,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814025,"i":5482,"p":"ختل","f":"khatul","g":"khatul","e":"to climb, ascend, rise, go up; to fall out, to fall off, to leave/dissapear; to turn out to be ...; to give a sentence (in law)","c":"v. intrans.","psp":"خېژ","psf":"khejz","tppp":"خوت","tppf":"khot","ec":"climb"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how **the subject never inflects**. Whether it's past or present tense, the structure stays the same with these intransitive verbs. The subject doesn't inflect and the subject is **king** <KingIcon />.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -130,23 +137,31 @@ We have a **subject NP** that we'll call the **king** <KingIcon /> of the phrase
|
|||
|
||||
We also have an **object NP** that we'll call the **servant** <ServantIcon /> of the phrase. When we learn about shortening VPs we'll learn more about what the **servant** role means, but for now we can just know that *the king controls the verb endings, not the servant*.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5938378036848799,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.15215428186176383,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812525,"i":4741,"p":"چای","f":"chaay","g":"chaay","e":"tea","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817750,"i":7843,"p":"سکل","f":"skul","g":"skul","e":"to drink","c":"v. trans.","ec":"drink,drinks,drinking,drank,drank"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5938378036848799,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.15215428186176383,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812525,"i":4741,"p":"چای","f":"chaay","g":"chaay","e":"tea","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817750,"i":7843,"p":"سکل","f":"skul","g":"skul","e":"to drink","c":"v. trans.","ec":"drink,drinks,drinking,drank,drank"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.4930268563050435,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43336925620044653,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815251,"i":7804,"p":"سړی","f":"saRéy","g":"saRey","e":"man","c":"n. m.","ec":"man","ep":"men"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.4930268563050435,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43336925620044653,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815251,"i":7804,"p":"سړی","f":"saRéy","g":"saRey","e":"man","c":"n. m.","ec":"man","ep":"men"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Go ahead and play around with these examples by pressing the <i className="fas fa-cubes" /> and <EditIcon /> buttons. Notice how the subject and object do not inflect, and the verb always agrees with the subject <KingIcon />. But here's where things will get a *little* weird... **If you use a 1st or 2nd person pronoun as an object, it *will* inflect.**
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.20670111338657748,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.05531784420548824,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.20670111338657748,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.05531784420548824,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.20670111338657748,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.05531784420548824,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.20670111338657748,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.05531784420548824,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Any other kind of object will not inflect. It's just the 1st and 2nd person pronouns that get inflected. If this seems insane, there are actually a lot of languages that behave differently with 1st and 2nd person pronouns - after all they are a little more "personal" and so they behave different.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -181,9 +196,11 @@ This is where things start to get *really* weird. With past tense transitive ver
|
|||
|
||||
Look at this sentence for example:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.4930268563050435,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43336925620044653,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.4930268563050435,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43336925620044653,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
The subject (the child) is the servant <ServantIcon /> and the object (me) is the king <KingIcon />! For learners who aren't used to this new structure this can sound like "I hit the child", but no, this sentence means that <strong>The child</strong> <ServantIcon /> hit <strong>me</strong> <KingIcon />.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -191,17 +208,23 @@ This kind of craziness where the verb lines up with the object is called [ergati
|
|||
|
||||
The other thing that happens in that **the subject always inflects** and the **the object does NOT inflect**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Go ahead and play with the examples above. See if you can follow what's happening with the structure.
|
||||
- The subject <ServantIcon /> gets inflected
|
||||
|
|
@ -245,13 +268,17 @@ Here's a little chart to summarize the three structures:
|
|||
|
||||
Usually people will say the subject before the object, but very often for emphasis or variety people will say object first, then subject. The word order isn't fixed like it is in English. Both of these sentences are correct.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Grammatically Transitive Verbs
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -259,9 +286,11 @@ With some verbs transitive like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "اورېدل", f
|
|||
|
||||
For example if you say "I looked towards you":
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.26083971448537757,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6566544874522231,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","after":{"p":"ته","f":"ta"},"e":"to","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}},{"key":0.9879794193752598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812751,"i":10020,"p":"کتل","f":"katul","g":"katul","e":"to look, see, watch, examine; to meet with","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"ګور","psf":"gor","tppp":"کوت","tppf":"kot","ec":"look"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.26083971448537757,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6566544874522231,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","after":{"p":"ته","f":"ta"},"e":"to","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}},{"key":0.9879794193752598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812751,"i":10020,"p":"کتل","f":"katul","g":"katul","e":"to look, see, watch, examine; to meet with","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"ګور","psf":"gor","tppp":"کوت","tppf":"kot","ec":"look"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
This is **a transitive verb, but there's no spoken object in this phrase**. There's just a subject (I) and a verb (looked) and then a <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap">AP</Link> explaining the direction that I looked. (Some people might talk about there being an *indirect object* but we will never use that term when talking about Pashto, because it's super confusing. In Pashto there can only be one object in a phrase, and it's just a direct object.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -269,9 +298,11 @@ Whenever this happens **the object is considered to be 3rd person masculine plur
|
|||
|
||||
This is most probably often seen in phrases like
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{ p: "ما ووایل چې...", f: "maa óowayul che...", e: "I said, (bla bla bla)" }
|
||||
}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{ p: "ما ووایل چې...", f: "maa óowayul che...", e: "I said, (bla bla bla)" }
|
||||
}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Here we're using the transitive verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وایل", f: "waayul", e: "to say" }} /> but we don't have a specific object, so again, we pretend there's a 3rd pers. masc. plur. object that we're not mentioning.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -286,14 +317,20 @@ Then, things get a little weirder because there are a number of verbs that don't
|
|||
|
||||
In Pashto, these verbs are transitive, and they use that same **unspoken 3rd person masculine plural object**. So we would say:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.35312598076336044,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5518799172071212,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812717,"i":7351,"p":"ژړل","f":"jzaRul","g":"jzaRul","e":"to cry","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"ژاړ","psf":"jzaaR","ec":"cry"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.35312598076336044,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5518799172071212,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812717,"i":7351,"p":"ژړل","f":"jzaRul","g":"jzaRul","e":"to cry","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"ژاړ","psf":"jzaaR","ec":"cry"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.35312598076336044,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5518799172071212,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812717,"i":7351,"p":"ژړل","f":"jzaRul","g":"jzaRul","e":"to cry","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"ژاړ","psf":"jzaaR","ec":"cry"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.35312598076336044,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5518799172071212,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812717,"i":7351,"p":"ژړل","f":"jzaRul","g":"jzaRul","e":"to cry","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"ژاړ","psf":"jzaaR","ec":"cry"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8502946722618807,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.900190674491598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812767,"i":5692,"p":"خندل","f":"khandul","g":"khandul","e":"to laugh","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"خاند","psf":"khaand","ec":"laugh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8502946722618807,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.900190674491598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812767,"i":5692,"p":"خندل","f":"khandul","g":"khandul","e":"to laugh","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"خاند","psf":"khaand","ec":"laugh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,27 +2,16 @@
|
|||
title: Pronouns
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
defaultTextOptions,
|
||||
grammarUnits,
|
||||
VerbTable,
|
||||
ButtonSelect,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import { useState } from "react";
|
||||
|
||||
export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
|
||||
const [choice, setChoice] = React.useState("plain");
|
||||
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain");
|
||||
const english = {
|
||||
plain: [
|
||||
["I", "we"],
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
|
|||
title: Directional Pronouns
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||
|
|
@ -36,25 +27,31 @@ Pashto has 3 **directional pronouns** that indicate the direction that a word is
|
|||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>1st</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "را", f: "raa", e: "me, we" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "را", f: "raa", e: "me, we" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>2nd</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "در", f: "dăr", e: "you, you (pl.)" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "در", f: "dăr", e: "you, you (pl.)" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>3rd</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "ور", f: "wăr", e: "him, her, it, them" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ور", f: "wăr", e: "him, her, it, them" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -95,14 +92,16 @@ There are different verbs used for "to give" depending on which direction the gi
|
|||
|
||||
The choice of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "را، در، ور", f: "raa, dăr, wăr" }} /> depends on **who is on the receiving end of the giving**.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ما ته کتاب **راکړه**", f: "maa ta kitáab **ráakRa**", e: "**Give** me the book." },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ ته پیسې **راکوي**", f: "moonG ta peysé **raakawee**", e: "He **gives** us money." },
|
||||
{ p: "چای **درکړم**؟", f: "chaay **dărkRum**?", e: "Should I **give** you tea?" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو ته پیسې **درکوي**.", f: "taaso ta peysé **dărkawee**.", e: "He **gives** you money." },
|
||||
{ p: "دا کتاب ده ته **ورکړه**", f: "daa kitaab du ta **wărkRa**", e: "**Give** this book to him." },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ هغوي ته پیسې **ورکوو**", f: "moonG haghwee ta peyse **wărkawoo**.", e: "We **give** them money." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ما ته کتاب **راکړه**", f: "maa ta kitáab **ráakRa**", e: "**Give** me the book." },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ ته پیسې **راکوي**", f: "moonG ta peysé **raakawee**", e: "He **gives** us money." },
|
||||
{ p: "چای **درکړم**؟", f: "chaay **dărkRum**?", e: "Should I **give** you tea?" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو ته پیسې **درکوي**.", f: "taaso ta peysé **dărkawee**.", e: "He **gives** you money." },
|
||||
{ p: "دا کتاب ده ته **ورکړه**", f: "daa kitaab du ta **wărkRa**", e: "**Give** this book to him." },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ هغوي ته پیسې **ورکوو**", f: "moonG haghwee ta peyse **wărkawoo**.", e: "We **give** them money." },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## With "to go"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -143,20 +142,24 @@ It's very common to add the directional pronouns in front of the verbs "to go" t
|
|||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه اوس **راځي**", f: "haghá oos **raadzée**", e: "He's **coming** now" },
|
||||
{ p: "دلته **راشه**!", f: "dălta **ráasha**!", e: "**Come** here!" },
|
||||
{ p: "هلته **ورشه**!", f: "hălta **wărsha**!", e: "**Go** there!" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه **درځم**.", f: "zu **dărdzúm**", e: "I'm **coming** to you." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه اوس **راځي**", f: "haghá oos **raadzée**", e: "He's **coming** now" },
|
||||
{ p: "دلته **راشه**!", f: "dălta **ráasha**!", e: "**Come** here!" },
|
||||
{ p: "هلته **ورشه**!", f: "hălta **wărsha**!", e: "**Go** there!" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه **درځم**.", f: "zu **dărdzúm**", e: "I'm **coming** to you." },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
These directional verbs are really common when talking about someone knowing a language, because in Pashto we can say that a language "goes to" someone if they know it.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "پښتو **راځي**.", f: "puxto **raadzée**.", e: "I know Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to me.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "پښتو **درځي**؟", f: "puxto **dărdzée**?", e: "Do you know Pashto? (lit. Does Pashto come to you?)" },
|
||||
{ p: "پښتو **ورځي**.", f: "puxto **wărdzée**.", e: "She knows Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to her.)" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "پښتو **راځي**.", f: "puxto **raadzée**.", e: "I know Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to me.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "پښتو **درځي**؟", f: "puxto **dărdzée**?", e: "Do you know Pashto? (lit. Does Pashto come to you?)" },
|
||||
{ p: "پښتو **ورځي**.", f: "puxto **wărdzée**.", e: "She knows Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to her.)" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## With other verbs
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -172,25 +175,35 @@ These directional pronouns can also get added on to all kinds of other verbs to
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "لېږل", f: "legúl", e: "to send" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "لېږل", f: "legúl", e: "to send" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td><Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "دا عکس **را**ولېږه", f: "daa aks **raa**-óoleGa", e: "Send me that picture" },
|
||||
{ p: "سمه ده. اوس یې **در**لېږم.", f: "sama da. oos ye **dăr**-léGum", e: "Ok. I'm sending you it now"},
|
||||
])}</Examples></td>
|
||||
<td><Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "دا عکس **را**ولېږه", f: "daa aks **raa**-óoleGa", e: "Send me that picture" },
|
||||
{ p: "سمه ده. اوس یې **در**لېږم.", f: "sama da. oos ye **dăr**-léGum", e: "Ok. I'm sending you it now"},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "استول", f: "astawul", e: "to send" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "استول", f: "astawul", e: "to send" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "پرون یې پیغام **را**واستاوه.", f: "paróon ye peygháam **raa**-wáastawu.", e: "She sent me a message yesterday." },
|
||||
{ p: "زه به ورته یو پیغام **ور**واستوم.", f: "zu ba wăr-ta yo peyghaan **wăr**-wáastawum.", e: "I'll send her a message."},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td><Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "پرون یې پیغام **را**واستاوه.", f: "paróon ye peygháam **raa**-wáastawu.", e: "She sent me a message yesterday." },
|
||||
{ p: "زه به ورته یو پیغام **ور**واستوم.", f: "zu ba wăr-ta yo peyghaan **wăr**-wáastawum.", e: "I'll send her a message."},
|
||||
])}</Examples></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
|
@ -205,12 +218,14 @@ These directional pronouns can be used instead of <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-b
|
|||
|
||||
When you put these directional pronouns in these sandwiches, the first part (<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "له", f: "la" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "du" }} />) is always left out.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ولې **را**ته ګورې؟", f: "wăle **raa**-ta góre?", e: "Why are you looking at **me/us**?" },
|
||||
{ p: "**را**ته ووایه!", f: "**raa**-ta óowaaya!", e: "Tell **me/us**!" },
|
||||
{ p: "**در**سره چای شته؟", f: "**dăr**-sara chaay shta?", e: "Is there tea with **you**? Do you have tea?" },
|
||||
{ p: "اوبه **ور**څخه راځي.", f: "oobu **wăr**-tsukha raadzée.", e: "Water comes from **it**." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ولې **را**ته ګورې؟", f: "wăle **raa**-ta góre?", e: "Why are you looking at **me/us**?" },
|
||||
{ p: "**را**ته ووایه!", f: "**raa**-ta óowaaya!", e: "Tell **me/us**!" },
|
||||
{ p: "**در**سره چای شته؟", f: "**dăr**-sara chaay shta?", e: "Is there tea with **you**? Do you have tea?" },
|
||||
{ p: "اوبه **ور**څخه راځي.", f: "oobu **wăr**-tsukha raadzée.", e: "Water comes from **it**." },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## As Prefixes on Adjectives
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
|
|||
title: Mini Pronouns 👶
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||
|
|
@ -30,7 +21,7 @@ import { NP, AP, KidsSection, VP } from "../../components/terms-links";
|
|||
|
||||
export function ServantIcon() {
|
||||
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-male" />;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
export function KingIcon() {
|
||||
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-crown" />;
|
||||
|
|
@ -87,69 +78,91 @@ The "servant" <NP /> in a <VP /> can be "shrunken" 🪄 and replaced with a mini
|
|||
|
||||
With non-past transitive verbs, the **object** is the servant <ServantIcon />. Have a look at this present tense phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
We can shrink the servant <NP /> <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تا", f: "taa", e: "you" }} /> into a mini-pronoun and then put it in the <KidsSection />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Whatever the servant <NP /> is, the whole block is shrunken and replaced by a mini pronoun. For example we can have a really long <NP /> like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستا د مور خوندوره ډوډۍ", f: "staa du mor khwundawara DoDuy", e: "your mother's tasty food" }} />. Have a look at the blocks that make up this phrase by clicking on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" />, then see what happens when you click on the <MiniButton /> below to shrink the servant.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.957009632373707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.21709277985114528,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812813,"i":5864,"p":"خوندور","f":"khwundawar","g":"khwundawar","e":"tasty, delicious","c":"adj."}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812928,"i":12956,"p":"مور","f":"mor","g":"mor","e":"mother, mom","c":"n. f. anim.","ppp":"میندې, میېندې","ppf":"méynde, myénde"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.957009632373707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.21709277985114528,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812813,"i":5864,"p":"خوندور","f":"khwundawar","g":"khwundawar","e":"tasty, delicious","c":"adj."}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812928,"i":12956,"p":"مور","f":"mor","g":"mor","e":"mother, mom","c":"n. f. anim.","ppp":"میندې, میېندې","ppf":"méynde, myénde"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Examples with past-tense transitive verbs
|
||||
|
||||
With **past-tense transitive verbs, the servant <ServantIcon /> is the subject**. See what happens when you shrink the servant with this of VP. (Click <MiniButton /> below)
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.562055304721206,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.00045975580899160207,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10011,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812447,"i":292,"p":"اخستل","f":"akhistúl, akhustúl","g":"akhistul,akhustul","e":"to take, buy, purchase, receive; to shave, cut with scissors","c":"v. trans.","psp":"اخل","psf":"akhl","tppp":"اخست","tppf":"akhist","ec":"take,takes,taking,took,taken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.562055304721206,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.00045975580899160207,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10011,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812447,"i":292,"p":"اخستل","f":"akhistúl, akhustúl","g":"akhistul,akhustul","e":"to take, buy, purchase, receive; to shave, cut with scissors","c":"v. trans.","psp":"اخل","psf":"akhl","tppp":"اخست","tppf":"akhist","ec":"take,takes,taking,took,taken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. As a shrunken possesive
|
||||
|
||||
You can also take possesives and shrink them into mini-pronouns. The possesive can be found in any part of a phrase. To shrink it you just take it out and replace it with a mini-prounoun, which goes in the <KidsSection />. Here's a phrase with the possesive <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د هغې", f: "du haghé", e: "her" }} />.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
So that can be shrunk down to the mini-pronoun <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "یې", f: "ye", e: "" }} /> which goes in the kids
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes possesives will be found in the middle of sandwiches. When we shrink them down into a mini-pronoun they always pop out and go into the <KidsSection />. Take a look at the blocks in this phrase (click <i className="fas fa-cubes" />).
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2983651163160099,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7086170207706901,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.5694963990751789,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2983651163160099,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7086170207706901,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.5694963990751789,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2983651163160099,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7086170207706901,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.5694963990751789,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2983651163160099,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7086170207706901,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.5694963990751789,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
While exploring/editing phrases, you can click on the 🪄 above a possesor to shrink it. Try clicking the <EditIcon /> on the following phrase and shrinking the possesive by clicking on the 🪄.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9881,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":8,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815246,"i":7657,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9881,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":8,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815246,"i":7657,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
When we talked about <NP text="NPs" /> we also noted that you <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/#participle">use possesives to add subject or objects to participles</Link>. These can be shrunken in the same way. Try editing this phrase and shrinking the subj/obj of the participle.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"participle","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527816801,"i":14549,"p":"وینځل","f":"weendzul","g":"weendzul","e":"to wash","c":"v. trans.","ec":"wash"}},"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1573667460938,"i":4285,"p":"جامې","f":"jaame","g":"jaame","e":"clothes, clothing (plural of جامه)","c":"n. f. pl."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815246,"i":7657,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"participle","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527816801,"i":14549,"p":"وینځل","f":"weendzul","g":"weendzul","e":"to wash","c":"v. trans.","ec":"wash"}},"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1573667460938,"i":4285,"p":"جامې","f":"jaame","g":"jaame","e":"clothes, clothing (plural of جامه)","c":"n. f. pl."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815246,"i":7657,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
## More about these kids 👶
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -157,27 +170,35 @@ When we talked about <NP text="NPs" /> we also noted that you <Link to="/phrase-
|
|||
|
||||
Wherever the mini-pronouns came from, they always run off to the <KidsSection />! Especially with possesive pronouns, learners may feel like they need to stay attached to the word they were connected to. This is **not true at all**. Once we have a a mini-pronoun, in always goes it the kids' section, wherever that may be. It does not stay attached to the area it came from. Sometimes the kids section will *happen to be* next to the word a possesive came from.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5823,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5823,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Here it's just a coincedence that the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دې", f: "de", e: "your" }} /> falls next to the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پلار", f: "plaar", e: "father" }} />. But the <KidsSection /> could be far, far away, depending on what's in the phrase. For example
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Watch what happens when we shrink <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د هغوي", f: "du haghwee", e: "their" }} /> into <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "یې", f: "ye" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
The <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "یې", f: "ye" }} /> sits in the kids section, wayyy at the other end of the sentence. Now what if we shrink the possesive <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستا", f: "staa", e: "your" }} /> into *another* mini-pronoun.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Now we have two mini-pronouns in the <KidsSection />! Which brings us to an really interesting and important rule.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -191,9 +212,11 @@ In our example above about their brother sitting in your house the 2nd person si
|
|||
|
||||
Let's see how this works with a very common example. Pashtuns often say "I'm happy that *I heard your voice*".
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Here we can shrink two things:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,15 +225,19 @@ Here we can shrink two things:
|
|||
|
||||
Both of these go into the kids section and line up in order of 1st, 2nd, 3rd... so we line them up as <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مې دې", f: "me de", e: "" }} />
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Now let's take a different phrase:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
We can shrink two things in this phrase:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -219,29 +246,37 @@ We can shrink two things in this phrase:
|
|||
|
||||
Once we line these up in order in the kids' section we get <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مې دې", f: "me de", e: "" }} />, the exact same thing as above!
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
So when we see a sentence like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "غږ مې دې واورېد", f: "ghuG me de waawred", e: "" }} /> this can mean either "I heard your voice", or "you heard my voice" 🤯
|
||||
|
||||
Try clicking the <EditIcon /> and shrinking down the servants and possesives in these two phrases below.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9764153072449697,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3601331139959125,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9764153072449697,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3601331139959125,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9764153072449697,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3601331139959125,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9764153072449697,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3601331139959125,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Both turn out to be the exact same thing. So if someone says, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ماشوم مې یې وواهه", f: "maashoom me ye óowaahu", e: "" }} />, that can mean either, "She hit my child" or "I hit her child!"
|
||||
|
||||
Remember our example about about their brother sitting in your house yesterday? There could be a second meaning to this sentence, can you work it out?
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableEPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
<summary>Answer:</summary>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ export function SandwichTable() {
|
|||
|
||||
<SandwichTable />
|
||||
|
||||
More coming soon... In progress... 👷♂️
|
||||
More in progress... 👷♂️
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
{/*
|
||||
|
||||
<Table size="medium"
|
||||
titleRow={[{e: "sandwich" }, {e: "example"}]}
|
||||
|
|
@ -102,3 +102,5 @@ Usually, words in sandwiches get <Link to="inflection/inflection-intro/">inflect
|
|||
- <Multi t={{p:"په ... ګې", f:"pu ... ke"}} />
|
||||
- <Multi t={{p:"په ... باندې", f:"pu ... baande"}} />
|
||||
- <Multi t={{p:"په ...", f:"pu ..."}} /> -->
|
||||
|
||||
*/}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
|||
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
|
||||
import {
|
||||
defaultTextOptions as opts,
|
||||
InlinePs,
|
||||
RootsAndStems,
|
||||
getVerbInfo,
|
||||
getAbilityRootsAndStems,
|
||||
removeFVarients,
|
||||
ensureNonComboVerbInfo,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
|
||||
export default function GoingStems() {
|
||||
const items = [
|
||||
{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"},
|
||||
{"ts":1527815216,"i":6642,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
|
||||
{"ts":1585228551150,"i":6062,"p":"درتلل","f":"dărtlul","g":"dartlul","e":"to come (to you / second person)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"درځ","psf":"dărdz","ssp":"درش","ssf":"dársh","prp":"درغلل","prf":"dáraghlul","pprtp":"درغلی","pprtf":"dăraghúley","tppp":"درغی","tppf":"dáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
|
||||
{"ts":1585228579997,"i":14282,"p":"ورتلل","f":"wărtlul","g":"wartlul","e":"to come / go over to (third person or place)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ورځ","psf":"wărdz","ssp":"ورش","ssf":"wársh","prp":"ورغلل","prf":"wáraghlul","pprtp":"ورغلی","pprtf":"wăraghúley","tppp":"ورغی","tppf":"wáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
|
||||
].map(entry => ({ entry }));
|
||||
return <Carousel stickyTitle items={items} render={(item) => {
|
||||
const rs = getAbilityRootsAndStems(
|
||||
ensureNonComboVerbInfo(getVerbInfo(item.entry))
|
||||
);
|
||||
return {
|
||||
title: <InlinePs opts={opts}>
|
||||
{{
|
||||
...removeFVarients(item.entry),
|
||||
e: undefined,
|
||||
}}
|
||||
</InlinePs>,
|
||||
body: <RootsAndStems
|
||||
textOptions={opts}
|
||||
info={rs}
|
||||
/>,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}}/>
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
|
|||
getAbilityRootsAndStems,
|
||||
removeFVarients,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import GoingStems from "./GoingStems";
|
||||
import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon, Camera, Video, BlocksIcon } from "../../components/terms-links";
|
||||
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
|
||||
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||
|
|
@ -28,13 +29,18 @@ import shwaayEverything from "./shwaay-everything.jpg";
|
|||
|
||||
We use "ability" verb forms to talk about the ability of a verb to happen. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7144630314236184,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3237406469603912,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7144630314236184,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3237406469603912,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.22382799925273678,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8844517944804815,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815216,"i":6642,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
## Making the ability roots and stems
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -78,13 +84,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
|
|||
Imperfective Ability Stem + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Present Ending</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Subjunctive Ability
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -92,13 +102,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
|
|||
Perfective Ability Stem + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Present Ending</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Future Ability
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -108,13 +122,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
|
|||
به - ba + <Link to="/verbs/ability/#present-ability">Present Ability</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Perfective Future Ability
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -122,13 +140,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
|
|||
به - ba + <Link to="/verbs/ability/#subjunctive-ability">Subjunctive Ability</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Past Ability
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -140,9 +162,11 @@ The past ability in Pashto is interesting because just like with the regular pas
|
|||
Perfective Ability Root + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Past Ending</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to get out of the house in one particular instance">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to get out of the house in one particular instance">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5272874508102714,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2225650273784472,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"څخه","f":"tsuxa"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10557,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.15630811214184237,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527823376,"i":14220,"p":"وتل","f":"watul","g":"watul","e":"to go out, exit, leave, emerge","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"وځ","psf":"oodz","tppp":"واته","tppf":"waatu","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"out"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
This means that I was able to get out of the house **in one instance** or **at one point in time**. We're looking at the past ability from the perfective <Camera /> aspect, and saying that in one particular snapshot of time I was able to do something.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -152,9 +176,11 @@ This means that I was able to get out of the house **in one instance** or **at o
|
|||
Imperfective Ability Root + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Past Ending</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to leave the house whenever I wanted to">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to leave the house whenever I wanted to">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5272874508102714,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2225650273784472,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"څخه","f":"tsuxa"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10557,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.15630811214184237,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527823376,"i":14220,"p":"وتل","f":"watul","g":"watul","e":"to go out, exit, leave, emerge","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"وځ","psf":"oodz","tppp":"واته","tppf":"waatu","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"out"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
This is a *very different statement*, meaning that I had the ability to leave the house in an ongoing sense. It means that **I had the ability to leave the house whenever I wanted to**. We're looking at the ability from the imperfective <Video /> aspect.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -162,25 +188,33 @@ This is a *very different statement*, meaning that I had the ability to leave th
|
|||
|
||||
Ability verbs will follow the same <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#3-vp-structures">VP structure</Link> as other verbs, so with past tense ability verbs the object is king. <KingIcon />
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in one instance" length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in one instance" length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in an ongoing or repeated sense" length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in an ongoing or repeated sense" length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
#### With habitual past
|
||||
|
||||
Of course we can also use the habitual past forms with ability, simply by adding <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "به", f: "ba", e: "" }} /> as we would with the regular verb forms.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly in single instances" length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly in single instances" length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"habitualPerfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly, in an ongoing sense" length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly, in an ongoing sense" length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"habitualImperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
## Exceptions
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -198,9 +232,11 @@ So for the ability roots and stems of <Link to="/compound-verbs/stative-compound
|
|||
|
||||
This means that when someone says:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.411085695548967,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9034337400391925,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527816735,"i":5983,"p":"داخلېدل","f":"daakhiledul","g":"daakhiledul","e":"to enter, go in; to be included; to be enrolled","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527816727,"ec":"enter"},"complement":{"ts":1527816727,"i":5979,"p":"داخل","f":"daakhil","g":"daakhil","e":"entering, internal, included; participation","c":"adj. / n. m."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.411085695548967,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9034337400391925,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527816735,"i":5983,"p":"داخلېدل","f":"daakhiledul","g":"daakhiledul","e":"to enter, go in; to be included; to be enrolled","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527816727,"ec":"enter"},"complement":{"ts":1527816727,"i":5979,"p":"داخل","f":"daakhil","g":"daakhil","e":"entering, internal, included; participation","c":"adj. / n. m."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
They could be talking about it in a imperfective <Video /> sense (I was able to enter whenever I wanted to) or a perfective <Camera /> sense. (I was able to enter in one instance) Both are exactly the same with these kinds of verbs.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -213,27 +249,6 @@ The same thing goes for the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تلل", f: "tlul",
|
|||
|
||||
These ones will also **use the imperfective roots and stems on both sides**, because you can't say something like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "❌ زه لاړلی شوم ❌", f: "❌ zu laaRúley shwum ❌", e: "I was able to go" }} />. You have to use the imperfective stems and roots and say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه تللی شوم", f: "zu tlúley shwum", e: "I was able to go" }} />, regardless of the aspect.
|
||||
|
||||
export function GoingStems() {
|
||||
const items = [
|
||||
{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"},
|
||||
{"ts":1527815216,"i":6642,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
|
||||
{"ts":1585228551150,"i":6062,"p":"درتلل","f":"dărtlul","g":"dartlul","e":"to come (to you / second person)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"درځ","psf":"dărdz","ssp":"درش","ssf":"dársh","prp":"درغلل","prf":"dáraghlul","pprtp":"درغلی","pprtf":"dăraghúley","tppp":"درغی","tppf":"dáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
|
||||
{"ts":1585228579997,"i":14282,"p":"ورتلل","f":"wărtlul","g":"wartlul","e":"to come / go over to (third person or place)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ورځ","psf":"wărdz","ssp":"ورش","ssf":"wársh","prp":"ورغلل","prf":"wáraghlul","pprtp":"ورغلی","pprtf":"wăraghúley","tppp":"ورغی","tppf":"wáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
|
||||
].map(entry => ({ entry }));
|
||||
return <Carousel stickyTitle items={items} render={(item) => {
|
||||
const rs = getAbilityRootsAndStems(getVerbInfo(item.entry));
|
||||
return {
|
||||
title: <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{
|
||||
...removeFVarients(item.entry),
|
||||
e: undefined,
|
||||
}}</InlinePs>,
|
||||
body: <RootsAndStems
|
||||
textOptions={opts}
|
||||
info={rs}
|
||||
/>,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}}/>
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
<GoingStems />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -241,9 +256,11 @@ export function GoingStems() {
|
|||
|
||||
As we mentioned before we can either use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey", e: "" }} /> or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ای", f: "aay", e: "" }} /> for the tail in these ability roots and stems. We can also use the long or short forms of the roots. This means that there are a lot of possible ways to make these verb forms. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} allVariations>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.42309512632682345,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3537180592163174,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} allVariations>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.42309512632682345,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3537180592163174,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
## Notes on blocks and the negative
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -268,23 +285,29 @@ If you look up at the blocks <BlocksIcon /> in the examples above you'll notice
|
|||
|
||||
These two parts switch places when the negative is used.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
But you can still say the negative *without swapping the blocks* if you want to sound emphatic.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه تا لیدلی نه شي",
|
||||
f: "haghá taa leedúley nu shee",
|
||||
e: "He/it (m.) can't see you.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Shortcuts
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -304,42 +327,50 @@ In colloquial/informal *spoken* Pashto, people often **use a wildcard** <InlineP
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما هغه لیدلی شوه",
|
||||
f: "maa hagha leedúley shwa",
|
||||
e: "I was able to see her",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما هغه لیدلی شوای",
|
||||
f: "maa hagha leedúley shwaay",
|
||||
e: "I was able to see her",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ته لیدلی شوې",
|
||||
f: "maa tu leedúley shwe",
|
||||
e: "I was able to see you",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ته لیدلی شوای",
|
||||
f: "maa tu leedúley shwaay",
|
||||
e: "I was able to see you",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -349,11 +380,13 @@ As a learner try to also be able to say the proper past tense endings, because p
|
|||
|
||||
<Image src={shwaayEverything} maxWidth="400px" />
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Using کول - kawul "to do" + subjunctive
|
||||
|
||||
Another extremely common thing to do is to make ability statements using the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to do" }} /> and then a <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive</Link> clause right after that. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه کولی شم چې تا سره لاړ شم",
|
||||
f: "zu kawuley shum che taa sara laaR shum",
|
||||
|
|
@ -366,11 +399,13 @@ Another extremely common thing to do is to make ability statements using the ver
|
|||
e: "How can we recognize a ripe watermelon?",
|
||||
sub: "Lit. How can we do (present) - that - We recognize a ripe watermelon (subjunctive)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do" }} /> is used as a grammatically transitive verb, as if it has an unspoken 3rd person masculine singular object. "I can do ..." So In the past tense the verb will always be 3rd person masculine singular.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما کولی شو چې بېرته راوګرځم",
|
||||
f: "maa kawuley shoo che berta raa-óo-gurdzum",
|
||||
|
|
@ -395,7 +430,8 @@ Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do" }} /> is u
|
|||
e: "I wasn't able to answer you in time",
|
||||
sub: "Lit. I was not able to do (simple past) - that I answer you in time (subjunctive)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is probably heard more in Afghanistan. It is easier to say because you just have to now how to say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه کولی شم", f: "zu kawuley shum", e: "I can do..." }} /> in all the tenses and then no matter what tense you're using, you just use a <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive verb</Link> for the next clause.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -413,14 +449,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Video /> Present
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه کولی شم", f: "zu kawúley shum", e: "I can" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه نه شم کولی", f: "zu nú shum kawúley", e: "I can't" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -428,14 +468,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Camera /> Subjunctive
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه وکولی شم", f: "zu óokawuley shum", e: "that I can" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه ونه شم کولی", f: "zu oo-nú-shum kawuley", e: "that I can't" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -443,14 +487,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Video /> Imperfective Future
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه به کولی شم", f: "zu ba kawúley shum", e: "I will be able to" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه به نه شم کولی", f: "zu ba nú shum kawúley", e: "I won't be able to" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -458,14 +506,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Camera /> Perfective Future
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه به وکولی شم", f: "zu ba óokawuley shum", e: "I will be able to" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "زه به ونه شم کولی", f: "zu ba oo-nú shum kawuley", e: "I won't be able to" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -473,14 +525,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Video /> Continuous Past
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما کولی شو", f: "maa kawúley shoo", e: "I was able to (ongoing)" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما نه شو کولی", f: "maa nú shoo kawúley", e: "I wasn't able to (ongoing)" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -488,14 +544,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Camera /> Simple Past
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما وکولی شو", f: "maa óokawuley shoo", e: "I was able to (one time)" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما ونه شو وکولی", f: "maa oo-nú-shoo kawuley", e: "I wasn't able to (one time)" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -503,14 +563,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Video /> Habitual Continuous Past
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به کولی شو", f: "maa ba kawúley shoo", e: "I would be able to" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به نه شو کولی", f: "maa ba nú shoo kawúley", e: "I wouldn't be able to" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -518,14 +582,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
|
|||
<Camera /> Habitual Simple Past
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به وکولی شو", f: "maa ba óokawuley shoo", e: "I would be able to" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به ونه شو کولی", f: "maa ba oo-nú-shoo kawúley", e: "I wouldn't be able to" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -52,43 +52,47 @@ With the power of perfect forms, we can inject our <VP text="verb phrases" /> wi
|
|||
|
||||
The present perfect is used to talk about events that have happened in the past and therefore have an effect on *the current situation*, now.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy khoRule da",
|
||||
e: "I have eaten food",
|
||||
sub: "I am full **now**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه کابل ته تللی یم",
|
||||
f: "zu kaabul ta tlúley yum",
|
||||
e: "I've gone to Kabul",
|
||||
sub: "I've gone there so I'm over there **now** / I **currently** have the experience of having travelled there."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې ته نه یې لیدلې",
|
||||
f: "haghé tu nú ye leedúle",
|
||||
e: "She hasn't seen you (f.)",
|
||||
sub: "She **currently** does not have the experience of seeing you",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy khoRule da",
|
||||
e: "I have eaten food",
|
||||
sub: "I am full **now**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه کابل ته تللی یم",
|
||||
f: "zu kaabul ta tlúley yum",
|
||||
e: "I've gone to Kabul",
|
||||
sub: "I've gone there so I'm over there **now** / I **currently** have the experience of having travelled there."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغې ته نه یې لیدلې",
|
||||
f: "haghé tu nú ye leedúle",
|
||||
e: "She hasn't seen you (f.)",
|
||||
sub: "She **currently** does not have the experience of seeing you",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Without the equative
|
||||
|
||||
Often the equative is left out with the present equative.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا ډوډۍ **خوړلې**؟",
|
||||
f: "taa DoDuy **khoRúle**?",
|
||||
e: "Have you eaten food?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ دغه پلاوي سره **کتلي**",
|
||||
f: "moonG dagha plaawee sara **katúlee**",
|
||||
e: "We've met with that delegation",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا ډوډۍ **خوړلې**؟",
|
||||
f: "taa DoDuy **khoRúle**?",
|
||||
e: "Have you eaten food?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ دغه پلاوي سره **کتلي**",
|
||||
f: "moonG dagha plaawee sara **katúlee**",
|
||||
e: "We've met with that delegation",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Habitual Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -99,20 +103,22 @@ Often the equative is left out with the present equative.
|
|||
|
||||
The habitual perfect is used to talk about events that are habitually/generally found to be completed, so they tend to have an affect on the situation over and over again, in a habitual fashion.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ماشومان په دې وخت کې مکتب ته تللي وي",
|
||||
f: "maashoomáan pu de wakht ke maktab ta tlúlee wee",
|
||||
e: "The kids tend to be gone to school at this time",
|
||||
sub: "At this time **usually** the kids are gone to school",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "په اختر کې ډېر خلک دلته راغلي وي",
|
||||
f: "pu akhtar ke Der khalk dălta raaghúlee wee",
|
||||
e: "On the holiday usually lots of people come/show up here",
|
||||
sub: "People have a **habit** of arriving here on the holiday - you will **usually** see them here then",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ماشومان په دې وخت کې مکتب ته تللي وي",
|
||||
f: "maashoomáan pu de wakht ke maktab ta tlúlee wee",
|
||||
e: "The kids tend to be gone to school at this time",
|
||||
sub: "At this time **usually** the kids are gone to school",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "په اختر کې ډېر خلک دلته راغلي وي",
|
||||
f: "pu akhtar ke Der khalk dălta raaghúlee wee",
|
||||
e: "On the holiday usually lots of people come/show up here",
|
||||
sub: "People have a **habit** of arriving here on the holiday - you will **usually** see them here then",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Subjunctive Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -128,19 +134,21 @@ The subjunctive perfect is used to talk about things being done in a *subjunctiv
|
|||
- saying *if* something is done
|
||||
- saying a purpose, i.e. ...**so that** something will be done
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کېدای شي چې **راغلی وي**",
|
||||
f: "kedaay shee che **raaghuley wee**",
|
||||
e: "It's possible that he's arrived",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "چې خفه شوی نه وې",
|
||||
f: "che khufa shúwey nú we",
|
||||
e: "I hope you haven't become sad",
|
||||
sub: "I don't want you to have gotten upset",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کېدای شي چې **راغلی وي**",
|
||||
f: "kedaay shee che **raaghuley wee**",
|
||||
e: "It's possible that he's arrived",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "چې خفه شوی نه وې",
|
||||
f: "che khufa shúwey nú we",
|
||||
e: "I hope you haven't become sad",
|
||||
sub: "I don't want you to have gotten upset",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Future Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -158,18 +166,20 @@ The future equative is used to either to:
|
|||
|
||||
#### A. Say something will be done in the future
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "سبا به پېښور ته تللې وي",
|
||||
f: "sabaa ba pexawar ta tlúle wee",
|
||||
e: "Tomorrow she will have gone to Peshawer",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوه کاله بعد به ما پښتو ښه زده کړې وي",
|
||||
f: "dwa kaala bad ba maa puxto xa zda kúRe wee",
|
||||
e: "After two years I will have learned Pashto well.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "سبا به پېښور ته تللې وي",
|
||||
f: "sabaa ba pexawar ta tlúle wee",
|
||||
e: "Tomorrow she will have gone to Peshawer",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوه کاله بعد به ما پښتو ښه زده کړې وي",
|
||||
f: "dwa kaala bad ba maa puxto xa zda kúRe wee",
|
||||
e: "After two years I will have learned Pashto well.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that even though you might be talking about future events, for the <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/">phrase structure</Link> this is still considered past tense, because **all perfects are considered past tense**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -177,28 +187,30 @@ Notice that even though you might be talking about future events, for the <Link
|
|||
|
||||
It is 👉 **extremely common and useful** 👈 to use the future equative to make guesses or presumptions about events being done currently. This is often used in conversation to throw out guesses or estimates, or even ask questions about what might have happened.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا به دا کتاب لیدلی وي",
|
||||
f: "taa ba daa kitaab leedúley wee",
|
||||
e: "You've probably seen this book",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه به کابل ته تللی وي",
|
||||
f: "haghá ba kaabul ta tlúley wee",
|
||||
e: "He's probably gone to Kabul",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا به ډوډۍ نه وي خوړلې",
|
||||
f: "taa ba DoDuy nu wee khoRúle",
|
||||
e: "I betcha you haven't eaten",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "بازار کې خو به دې لیملی یم",
|
||||
f: "baazaar ke kho ba de leedúley yum",
|
||||
e: "Well surely you will have seen me in the bazar",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا به دا کتاب لیدلی وي",
|
||||
f: "taa ba daa kitaab leedúley wee",
|
||||
e: "You've probably seen this book",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه به کابل ته تللی وي",
|
||||
f: "haghá ba kaabul ta tlúley wee",
|
||||
e: "He's probably gone to Kabul",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا به ډوډۍ نه وي خوړلې",
|
||||
f: "taa ba DoDuy nu wee khoRúle",
|
||||
e: "I betcha you haven't eaten",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "بازار کې خو به دې لیملی یم",
|
||||
f: "baazaar ke kho ba de leedúley yum",
|
||||
e: "Well surely you will have seen me in the bazar",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
With this form of perfect people often add an emphatic <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خو", f: "kho" }} /> in the <KidsSection />.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,23 +223,25 @@ With this form of perfect people often add an emphatic <InlinePs opts={opts} ps=
|
|||
|
||||
The past perfect is used to say that an event **had been done in the past**. For instance, if you are explaining some events in that past, you can use this to that some event **had been done** back at that point in time.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا هغه مخکې **لیدلی و**؟",
|
||||
f: "taa haghá mukhke **leedúley wo**?",
|
||||
e: "Had you seen him before?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوي ما ته د ډوډۍ ست کاو، خوي ما ډوډۍ **خوړلې وه**",
|
||||
f: "dwee maa ta du DoDúy sat kaawu, kho maa DoDúy **khoRule wa**",
|
||||
e: "They were inviting me to eat, but I **had eaten**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه ستا کور ته راغلم، خو ته بازار ته **تللی وې**",
|
||||
f: "zu staa kor ta ráaghlum, kho tu baazaar ta **tlúley we**.",
|
||||
e: "I came to your house, but you **had gone** to the bazar.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تا هغه مخکې **لیدلی و**؟",
|
||||
f: "taa haghá mukhke **leedúley wo**?",
|
||||
e: "Had you seen him before?",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "دوي ما ته د ډوډۍ ست کاو، خوي ما ډوډۍ **خوړلې وه**",
|
||||
f: "dwee maa ta du DoDúy sat kaawu, kho maa DoDúy **khoRule wa**",
|
||||
e: "They were inviting me to eat, but I **had eaten**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه ستا کور ته راغلم، خو ته بازار ته **تللی وې**",
|
||||
f: "zu staa kor ta ráaghlum, kho tu baazaar ta **tlúley we**.",
|
||||
e: "I came to your house, but you **had gone** to the bazar.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## "Would be" Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -243,18 +257,20 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#would-be-equative">"would be
|
|||
- to say the outcome of a hypothetical conditions
|
||||
- to say that an event should have happened
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه به مخکې دلته راغلې وه.",
|
||||
f: "haghá ba mukhke dălta raaghúle wa",
|
||||
e: "She had probably come here before",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که زه خبر وای، نو **زه به راغلی وم**.",
|
||||
f: "ku zu khabúr waay, no **zu ba raaghúley wum**.",
|
||||
e: "If I had known, I (m.) would have come.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغه به مخکې دلته راغلې وه.",
|
||||
f: "haghá ba mukhke dălta raaghúle wa",
|
||||
e: "She had probably come here before",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که زه خبر وای، نو **زه به راغلی وم**.",
|
||||
f: "ku zu khabúr waay, no **zu ba raaghúley wum**.",
|
||||
e: "If I had known, I (m.) would have come.",
|
||||
}
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Past Subjunctive Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -269,33 +285,35 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#past-subjunctive">past subju
|
|||
- If you wish an event were done
|
||||
- If an event should have been done/was necessary in the past
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته باید وختي راغلی وای",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad wakhtee raaghúley waay",
|
||||
e: "You (m.) should have come early",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته باید وختي راغلې وای",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad wakhtee raaghúle waay",
|
||||
e: "You (f.) should have come early",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پرون ما کار کړی وای",
|
||||
f: "paróon maa kaar kúRey waay",
|
||||
e: "Yesterday I had to work",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که ما ډوډۍ نه وای خوړلې...",
|
||||
f: "ku maa DoDúy nu waay khóRule...",
|
||||
e: "If I hadn't eaten food...",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کاشکې ما دا پیسې نه وای اخستې",
|
||||
f: "kaashke maa daa peyse nu waay akhíste",
|
||||
e: "I wish I hadn't taken that money!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته باید وختي راغلی وای",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad wakhtee raaghúley waay",
|
||||
e: "You (m.) should have come early",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته باید وختي راغلې وای",
|
||||
f: "tu baayad wakhtee raaghúle waay",
|
||||
e: "You (f.) should have come early",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پرون ما کار کړی وای",
|
||||
f: "paróon maa kaar kúRey waay",
|
||||
e: "Yesterday I had to work",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که ما ډوډۍ نه وای خوړلې...",
|
||||
f: "ku maa DoDúy nu waay khóRule...",
|
||||
e: "If I hadn't eaten food...",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کاشکې ما دا پیسې نه وای اخستې",
|
||||
f: "kaashke maa daa peyse nu waay akhíste",
|
||||
e: "I wish I hadn't taken that money!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## "Would have been" Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -309,18 +327,20 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#would-have-been-equative">"w
|
|||
- If some hypothetical condition were true, an event *would have been* done
|
||||
- Some event should have been done, it would have been good if some event was done
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که ما پیسې درلودای، نو **نوي کالي به مې اخستي وای**",
|
||||
f: "ku maa peyse darlodaay, no **nuwee kaalee ba me akhiste waay**",
|
||||
e: "If I had money, **I would have bought new clothes**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "نو ته به راغلې وای که نه!",
|
||||
f: "no tu ba raaghúle waay ku nu!",
|
||||
e: "Ah, you (f.) should have come!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "که ما پیسې درلودای، نو **نوي کالي به مې اخستي وای**",
|
||||
f: "ku maa peyse darlodaay, no **nuwee kaalee ba me akhiste waay**",
|
||||
e: "If I had money, **I would have bought new clothes**",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "نو ته به راغلې وای که نه!",
|
||||
f: "no tu ba raaghúle waay ku nu!",
|
||||
e: "Ah, you (f.) should have come!",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={perfectGameOne} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
|
|||
Examples,
|
||||
InlinePs,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
import { KidsSection } from "../../components/terms-links";
|
||||
import cousins from "./cousins.png";
|
||||
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
|
||||
import Link from "../../components/Link";
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -81,68 +81,80 @@ For Pashto learners, having a choice between the perfective and imperfective imp
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "وریژې **خوره**",
|
||||
f: "wreejze **khorá**",
|
||||
e: "Eat rice",
|
||||
sub: "(in general, it's good for you)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "وریژې **خوره**",
|
||||
f: "wreejze **khorá**",
|
||||
e: "Eat rice",
|
||||
sub: "(in general, it's good for you)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "وریژې **وخوره**",
|
||||
f: "wreejze **óokhora**",
|
||||
e: "Eat rice",
|
||||
sub: "(one time)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "وریژې **وخوره**",
|
||||
f: "wreejze **óokhora**",
|
||||
e: "Eat rice",
|
||||
sub: "(one time)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **لېږه**!",
|
||||
f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **leGá**!",
|
||||
e: "Send me pictures of the village!",
|
||||
sub: "(send me pictures every once and awhile)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **لېږه**!",
|
||||
f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **leGá**!",
|
||||
e: "Send me pictures of the village!",
|
||||
sub: "(send me pictures every once and awhile)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **ولېږه**!",
|
||||
f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **óoleGa**!",
|
||||
e: "Send me pictures of the village!",
|
||||
sub: "(send me a bunch of pictures in one clump, at one time)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **ولېږه**!",
|
||||
f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **óoleGa**!",
|
||||
e: "Send me pictures of the village!",
|
||||
sub: "(send me a bunch of pictures in one clump, at one time)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**",
|
||||
f: "taaso halta **kenéyy**",
|
||||
e: "You sit there",
|
||||
sub: "(in general, whenever you come)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**",
|
||||
f: "taaso halta **kenéyy**",
|
||||
e: "You sit there",
|
||||
sub: "(in general, whenever you come)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**",
|
||||
f: "taaso halta **kéneyy**",
|
||||
e: "You sit there",
|
||||
sub: "(one time, in one instance sit)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**",
|
||||
f: "taaso halta **kéneyy**",
|
||||
e: "You sit there",
|
||||
sub: "(one time, in one instance sit)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -169,14 +181,18 @@ You will notice there are only two <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#imperative-ver
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ته راځه!", f: "tu raadzá!", e: "You come!" }
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ته راځه!", f: "tu raadzá!", e: "You come!" }
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو راځئ!", f: "taaso radzéyy!", e: "You (pl.) come!" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو راځئ!", f: "taaso radzéyy!", e: "You (pl.) come!" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,11 +213,13 @@ You will notice there are only two <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#imperative-ver
|
|||
|
||||
With this form, you can't specify whether you're talking about about the action in a <i className="fas fa-camera" /> perfective or <i className="fas fa-video" /> imperfective way. You're just saying "don't do it!", either one time or in general.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "مه راځه!", f: "mú raadza", e: "Don't come!" },
|
||||
{ p: "وریژې مه خوره!", f: "wreejze mú khora!", e: "Don't eat rice!" },
|
||||
{ p: "عکسونه راته مه لېږه!", f: "aksoona raa-ta mú leGa!", e: "Don't send me pictures!" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو هلته مه کېنئ!", f: "taaso halta mú keneyy!", e: "Don't sit there!" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "مه راځه!", f: "mú raadza", e: "Don't come!" },
|
||||
{ p: "وریژې مه خوره!", f: "wreejze mú khora!", e: "Don't eat rice!" },
|
||||
{ p: "عکسونه راته مه لېږه!", f: "aksoona raa-ta mú leGa!", e: "Don't send me pictures!" },
|
||||
{ p: "تاسو هلته مه کېنئ!", f: "taaso halta mú keneyy!", e: "Don't sit there!" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Just like with the negative particle <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> that we used with other verb forms, the negative <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مه", f: "mú" }} /> marker also takes over the accent of the verb.
|
||||
|
|
@ -24,32 +24,38 @@ To make verbs negative, we use a negative <BlockTerm />.
|
|||
|
||||
The negative goes in front of the verb block at the end of a <VP />.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه ښار ته نه ځم", f: "zu xaar ta nú dzum", e: "I'm not going to the city" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه عربي نه زده کوي", f: "haghá arabee nu zda kawee", e: "He's not learning Arabic" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه ښار ته نه ځم", f: "zu xaar ta nú dzum", e: "I'm not going to the city" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه عربي نه زده کوي", f: "haghá arabee nu zda kawee", e: "He's not learning Arabic" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
With the perfective roots and stems, if we have a <PerfectiveHead /> of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo" }} /> or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وا", f: "waa" }} />, the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" , e: "not" }} /> always goes *after* the <PerfectiveHead /> block.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره وغږېدم", f: "zu wăr-sara óoghuGedum", e: "I talked with him" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره ونه غږېدم", f: "zu wăr-sara oo-nú ghuGedum", e: "I talked with him", sub: "negative block always goes after the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "ما کتابچه واخسته", f: "maa kitaabchaa wáakhista", e: "I took the booklet" },
|
||||
{ p: "ما کتابچه وانه خسته", f: "maa kitaabchaa wáa-nu khista", e: "I didn't take the booklet", sub: "negative block always goes after the perfective head" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره وغږېدم", f: "zu wăr-sara óoghuGedum", e: "I talked with him" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره ونه غږېدم", f: "zu wăr-sara oo-nú ghuGedum", e: "I talked with him", sub: "negative block always goes after the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "ما کتابچه واخسته", f: "maa kitaabchaa wáakhista", e: "I took the booklet" },
|
||||
{ p: "ما کتابچه وانه خسته", f: "maa kitaabchaa wáa-nu khista", e: "I didn't take the booklet", sub: "negative block always goes after the perfective head" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
But if it's one of those verbs that don't take the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo" }} /> prefix where the <PerfectiveHead /> is made from splitting off the first syllable of the word, you can put the negative after the perfective head *or* before it.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه کور ته لاړه", f: "haghá kor ta láaRa", e: "She went home" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه کور ته لانه ړه", f: "haghá kor ta laa-nú-Ra", e: "She didn't go home", sub: "negative block after the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه کور ته نه لانه ړه", f: "haghá kor ta nú laaRa", e: "She didn't go home", sub: "negative block before the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta kenúm?", e: "Do I sit here? (present)" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta kénum?", e: "Should I sit here? (subjunctive)" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta nú kenum?", e: "Do I not sit here? (present)", sub: "no perfective head, negative block before verb block" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta nú kenum?", e: ":Should I not sit here? (subjunctive)", sub: "negative block before the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنه نم؟", f: "zu dălta ke-nú num?", e: "Should I not sit here? (subjunctive)", subj: "negative block after the perfective head" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه کور ته لاړه", f: "haghá kor ta láaRa", e: "She went home" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه کور ته لانه ړه", f: "haghá kor ta laa-nú-Ra", e: "She didn't go home", sub: "negative block after the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه کور ته نه لانه ړه", f: "haghá kor ta nú laaRa", e: "She didn't go home", sub: "negative block before the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta kenúm?", e: "Do I sit here? (present)" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta kénum?", e: "Should I sit here? (subjunctive)" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta nú kenum?", e: "Do I not sit here? (present)", sub: "no perfective head, negative block before verb block" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta nú kenum?", e: ":Should I not sit here? (subjunctive)", sub: "negative block before the perfective head" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنه نم؟", f: "zu dălta ke-nú num?", e: "Should I not sit here? (subjunctive)", subj: "negative block after the perfective head" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice how with verbs like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېناستل", f: "kenaastúl", e: "" }} /> the only thing indicating a difference between the perfective and imperfective forms is the accent, and therefore when we add the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú", e: "" }} /> we have no way of telling if a verb was perfective or imperfective, because the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú", e: "" }} /> took over the accent.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,14 +63,18 @@ With stative compounds the complement and verb are considered one or two blocks
|
|||
|
||||
With the <i className="fas fa-video" /> **imperfective** aspect, the complement and verb are fused together and considered one indivisable block, so the negative goes before that whole verb block.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ما پښتو نه زده کوله", f: "maa puxto nú zda kawula", e: "I wasn't learning Pashto" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه ما نه ستړی کوي", f: "hagha maa nú stuRey kawee", e: "He's not making me (m.) tired" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ما پښتو نه زده کوله", f: "maa puxto nú zda kawula", e: "I wasn't learning Pashto" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه ما نه ستړی کوي", f: "hagha maa nú stuRey kawee", e: "He's not making me (m.) tired" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
In the <i className="fas fa-camera" /> **perfective** aspect, however the complement breaks out and acts as a <PerfectiveHead />, so the negative goes after it.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ما پښتو زده نه کړه", f: "maa puxto zda nú kRa", e: "I didn't learn Pashto" },
|
||||
{ p: "چې هغه ما نه ستړی نه کړي", f: "che haghá maa stuRey nú kRee", e: "I hope he doesn't make me (m.) tired" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "ما پښتو زده نه کړه", f: "maa puxto zda nú kRa", e: "I didn't learn Pashto" },
|
||||
{ p: "چې هغه ما نه ستړی نه کړي", f: "che haghá maa stuRey nú kRee", e: "I hope he doesn't make me (m.) tired" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
@ -38,62 +38,74 @@ Transitive verbs in Pashto can be used in the [passive voice](https://en.wikiped
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه کتاب لیکم",
|
||||
f: "zu kitáab leekúm",
|
||||
e: "I (subject) am writing a book (object)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه کتاب لیکم",
|
||||
f: "zu kitáab leekúm",
|
||||
e: "I (subject) am writing a book (object)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کتاب لیکل کېږي",
|
||||
f: "kitáab leekul kéGee",
|
||||
e: "A book (subject) is being written",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کتاب لیکل کېږي",
|
||||
f: "kitáab leekul kéGee",
|
||||
e: "A book (subject) is being written",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي پښټو وايي",
|
||||
f: "haghwée puxto waayee",
|
||||
e: "They (subject) are speaking Pashto (object)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي پښټو وايي",
|
||||
f: "haghwée puxto waayee",
|
||||
e: "They (subject) are speaking Pashto (object)",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پښتو وایل کېږي",
|
||||
f: "puxto waayul kéGee",
|
||||
e: "Pashto (subject) is spoken",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پښتو وایل کېږي",
|
||||
f: "puxto waayul kéGee",
|
||||
e: "Pashto (subject) is spoken",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
|
||||
e: "I (subject) ate food (object)",
|
||||
}
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
|
||||
e: "I (subject) ate food (object)",
|
||||
}
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ډوډۍ وخوړل شوه",
|
||||
f: "DoDúy óokhoRul shwa",
|
||||
e: "Food (subject) was eaten",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ډوډۍ وخوړل شوه",
|
||||
f: "DoDúy óokhoRul shwa",
|
||||
e: "Food (subject) was eaten",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -279,9 +291,11 @@ So now we can use the *imperfective stem* of these passive roots and stems:
|
|||
|
||||
and say something like:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Subjunctive
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -301,23 +315,29 @@ So let's take our passive *perfective stem*:
|
|||
|
||||
and say...
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Future
|
||||
|
||||
We could do this same process for the future tense, using the imperfective and perfective roots to make the imperfective future,
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
and the perfective future:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Past
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -338,9 +358,11 @@ So we can grab the *perfective root*:
|
|||
|
||||
and make a phrase like,
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
The <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past">continuous past</Link> is made with the formula:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -359,49 +381,67 @@ So we can grab the *imperfective root*:
|
|||
|
||||
and make a phrase like,
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Perfect
|
||||
|
||||
Also same thing for making perfect forms, just follow <Link to="/verbs/perfect-verbs-intro/#how-to-make-perfect-tenses-">the same formula as we learned before</Link>. (<samp>Past participle + Equative</samp>)
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"pastPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"pastPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
So we see that to make verb forms in the passive forms we **follow all the same formulas as we did with the active voice**, but just using these new <Link to="/verbs/passive-voice#making-passive-roots-and-stems">passive roots and stems</Link>.
|
||||
|
||||
## Examples
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9602675508776706,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527813371,"i":4488,"p":"جنګ","f":"jang","g":"jang","e":"war, fight, battle","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.6084120330077722,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812342,"i":5677,"p":"خلک","f":"khalk","g":"khalk","e":"people, nation, populace","c":"n. m. pl."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6207988383591703,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814862,"i":14386,"p":"وژل","f":"wajzul","g":"wajzul","e":"to kill, slaughter","c":"v. trans. irreg.","psp":"وژن","psf":"wajzn","tppp":"واژه","tppf":"waajzu","ec":"kill"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9602675508776706,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527813371,"i":4488,"p":"جنګ","f":"jang","g":"jang","e":"war, fight, battle","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.6084120330077722,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812342,"i":5677,"p":"خلک","f":"khalk","g":"khalk","e":"people, nation, populace","c":"n. m. pl."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6207988383591703,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814862,"i":14386,"p":"وژل","f":"wajzul","g":"wajzul","e":"to kill, slaughter","c":"v. trans. irreg.","psp":"وژن","psf":"wajzn","tppp":"واژه","tppf":"waajzu","ec":"kill"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.09499027095492818,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11724,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.24736204820633723,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14504,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.09499027095492818,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11724,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.24736204820633723,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14504,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8608555765714412,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10025,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43067271280035535,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812856,"i":11645,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write, draw","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8608555765714412,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10025,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43067271280035535,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812856,"i":11645,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write, draw","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9691831828667705,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4630278152792826,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813755,"i":4672,"p":"ځورول","f":"dzawrawul","g":"dzawrawul","e":"to bother, irritate, torture, distress, vex, grind on","c":"v. trans.","ec":"bother"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9691831828667705,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4630278152792826,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813755,"i":4672,"p":"ځورول","f":"dzawrawul","g":"dzawrawul","e":"to bother, irritate, torture, distress, vex, grind on","c":"v. trans.","ec":"bother"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.026534404872279982,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658541389964,"i":2531,"p":"پکوړه","f":"pakóRa","g":"pakoRa","e":"pakora","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6023163696948342,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5805,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.026534404872279982,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658541389964,"i":2531,"p":"پکوړه","f":"pakóRa","g":"pakoRa","e":"pakora","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6023163696948342,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5805,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2484268002388179,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.697085951161708,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2484268002388179,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.697085951161708,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
## Difference between passive and intransitive
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -409,27 +449,31 @@ It's easy to confuse the **passive voice of transitive verbs** and **intransitiv
|
|||
|
||||
For example, using the intransitive verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پخېدل", f: "pakhedúl", e: "to be cooked" }} /> we can say:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پلاو پخېږي",
|
||||
f: "pulaaw pakhéGee",
|
||||
e: "The pulaw is cooking",
|
||||
sub: "It's sitting in the pot, boiling and becoming ready 🤤",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پلاو پخېږي",
|
||||
f: "pulaaw pakhéGee",
|
||||
e: "The pulaw is cooking",
|
||||
sub: "It's sitting in the pot, boiling and becoming ready 🤤",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
With the **intrnansitive verb**, we're just describing the cooking process that the pulaw is going through.
|
||||
|
||||
But if we use the **passive voice of the transitive verb** <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پخول", f: "pakhawul", e: "to cook" }} />, then we get a *slightly* different meaning. Then we are saying that it is *being cooked*, ie. there is some unmentioned actor working on it.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پلاو پخول کېږي",
|
||||
f: "pulaaw pakhawul kéGee",
|
||||
e: "The pulaw is being cooked",
|
||||
sub: "Someone is cooking it / it's being worked on 👨🍳",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "پلاو پخول کېږي",
|
||||
f: "pulaaw pakhawul kéGee",
|
||||
e: "The pulaw is being cooked",
|
||||
sub: "Someone is cooking it / it's being worked on 👨🍳",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Passive Voice in Dialects
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -459,20 +503,22 @@ But in other dialects the roots and stems have a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p:
|
|||
|
||||
Here are some examples using this kind of dialect:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کتاب لیکلی کېږي",
|
||||
f: "kitaab leekuley kéGee",
|
||||
e: "(a/the) book is being written",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته ولیدلی شوې",
|
||||
f: "tu óoleeduley shwe",
|
||||
e: "You were seen",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته لیدلی شوی یې",
|
||||
f: "tu leeduley shúwey ye",
|
||||
e: "You (m.) have been seen",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "کتاب لیکلی کېږي",
|
||||
f: "kitaab leekuley kéGee",
|
||||
e: "(a/the) book is being written",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته ولیدلی شوې",
|
||||
f: "tu óoleeduley shwe",
|
||||
e: "You were seen",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته لیدلی شوی یې",
|
||||
f: "tu leeduley shúwey ye",
|
||||
e: "You (m.) have been seen",
|
||||
},
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -91,13 +91,15 @@ Notice how when you can use the *short or the long* version of the roots.
|
|||
|
||||
The simple past tense is also used with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "چې...", f: "che..." }} /> clauses to talk about **if/when something happens in the future**.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "چې ستا ملګری **پیدا شو**، نو ما خبر کړه.",
|
||||
f: "ku staa malgúrey **peydaa sho**, no maa khabur kRa.",
|
||||
e: "If/when you friend shows up, let me know.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "چې ستا ملګری **پیدا شو**، نو ما خبر کړه.",
|
||||
f: "ku staa malgúrey **peydaa sho**, no maa khabur kRa.",
|
||||
e: "If/when you friend shows up, let me know.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={intransitivePerfectivePastVerbGame1} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -154,21 +156,29 @@ The tenses (simple and continous past) stay the same and the formulas for making
|
|||
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
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||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
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||||
{
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||||
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||||
}
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||||
</EditableVPEx>
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||||
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||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
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{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
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||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
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||||
{
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{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}
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||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
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||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.021807382558673538,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.03701805628286148,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14483,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
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||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
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{
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{"blocks":[{"key":0.021807382558673538,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.03701805628286148,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14483,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7215647271503056,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5243897934182491,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7215647271503056,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5243897934182491,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={transitivePerfectivePastVerbGame1} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -181,21 +191,29 @@ The tenses (simple and continous past) stay the same and the formulas for making
|
|||
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}
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||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.03311699983526872,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9335532893306246,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.021807382558673538,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.03701805628286148,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14483,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.021807382558673538,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.03701805628286148,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14483,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7215647271503056,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5243897934182491,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} long>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7215647271503056,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5243897934182491,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={transitiveImperfectivePastVerbGame1} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -223,10 +241,12 @@ With the habitual simple past (AKA habitual perfective past), we are talking abo
|
|||
<Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#simple-past-i-classnamefas-fa-camera-">simple past</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به ناوخته ډوډۍ وخوړله", f: "maa ba naawakhta DoDuy óokhoRula", e: "I would eat late", sub: "I would repeatedly/habitually eat my meals at a late time - thinking of eating the meal as a complete event that got done" },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ به دلته کېناستو", f: "moonG ba dalta kénaastoo", e: "We would sit down here", sub: "We would repeatedly/habitually sit down at this spot - thinking of the sitting down as a one-time action we did each time" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به ناوخته ډوډۍ وخوړله", f: "maa ba naawakhta DoDuy óokhoRula", e: "I would eat late", sub: "I would repeatedly/habitually eat my meals at a late time - thinking of eating the meal as a complete event that got done" },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ به دلته کېناستو", f: "moonG ba dalta kénaastoo", e: "We would sit down here", sub: "We would repeatedly/habitually sit down at this spot - thinking of the sitting down as a one-time action we did each time" }
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Habitual Continuous Past
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -241,17 +261,21 @@ With the habitual continuous past (AKA habitual imperfective past), we are talki
|
|||
<Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past-i-classnamefas-fa-video-">continuous past</Link>
|
||||
</Formula>
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به ناوخته ډوډۍ خوړله", f: "maa ba naawakhta DoDuy khoRúla", e: "I would eat late", sub: "I would repeatedly/habitually eat my meals at a late time - thinking of eating as a process that happened repeatedly" },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ به دلته کېناستو", f: "moonG ba dalta kenaastóo", e: "We would sit down here", sub: "We would repeatedly/habitually sit down at this spot - thinking of the sitting down as an activity / process where we would sit together and spend time here habitually" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ما به ناوخته ډوډۍ خوړله", f: "maa ba naawakhta DoDuy khoRúla", e: "I would eat late", sub: "I would repeatedly/habitually eat my meals at a late time - thinking of eating as a process that happened repeatedly" },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ به دلته کېناستو", f: "moonG ba dalta kenaastóo", e: "We would sit down here", sub: "We would repeatedly/habitually sit down at this spot - thinking of the sitting down as an activity / process where we would sit together and spend time here habitually" }
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
The habitual continuous past is **also used to say what would happen if some condition were true.**
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "**که ته دلته وای، **مونږ به ډوډۍ خوړله", f: "ku tu dalta waay, **moonG ba DoDuy khoRúla**", e: "If you were here, **we would eat food**." },
|
||||
{ p: "**که زه ستړې نه وای، **پارک ته به تلم", f: "ku zu stuRe nu waay, **paark ta ba tlum**", e: "If I (f.) wasn't tired, **I would go to the park**." }
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "**که ته دلته وای، **مونږ به ډوډۍ خوړله", f: "ku tu dalta waay, **moonG ba DoDuy khoRúla**", e: "If you were here, **we would eat food**." },
|
||||
{ p: "**که زه ستړې نه وای، **پارک ته به تلم", f: "ku zu stuRe nu waay, **paark ta ba tlum**", e: "If I (f.) wasn't tired, **I would go to the park**." }
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={habitualPastVerbGame1} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -51,14 +51,16 @@ With the <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#simple-past-i-classnamefas-fa-camera-">sim
|
|||
<img src={simplePast} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
|
||||
e: "I ate food (simple past)",
|
||||
sub: "meaning: I chewed and swallowed the food."
|
||||
}
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
|
||||
e: "I ate food (simple past)",
|
||||
sub: "meaning: I chewed and swallowed the food."
|
||||
}
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
With a **perfect** tense, we're talking about the **result of an event**. We're saying that something has happened, and therefore there's an effect on the situation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -66,14 +68,16 @@ With a **perfect** tense, we're talking about the **result of an event**. We're
|
|||
<img src={presentPerfect} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy khoRúle da",
|
||||
e: "I've eaten food (perfect)",
|
||||
sub: "meaning: I am full now."
|
||||
}
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده",
|
||||
f: "maa DoDúy khoRúle da",
|
||||
e: "I've eaten food (perfect)",
|
||||
sub: "meaning: I am full now."
|
||||
}
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## How to make perfect tenses 🧪
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -90,9 +94,11 @@ Earlier we talked about how <EP text="equatives" /> and <VP text="verbs" /> are
|
|||
|
||||
To make the perfect forms we take the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/#the-past-participle">past participle</Link> of the verb and **add an equative block** next to it. For example, with the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تلل", f: "tlul", e: "to go" }} /> we could say:
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
Now instead of one verb block, we have **two blocks** that have to agree with the king <KingIcon /> of the <VP />.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -160,9 +166,11 @@ The past participle will always follow the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patt
|
|||
|
||||
So this sentence will change slightly if a woman says it.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
In that case the king, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I" }} />, will be *feminine*, so:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -177,9 +185,11 @@ How would we say "*We* have gone" ? Try to make this sentence by making the two
|
|||
<details>
|
||||
<summary>Show Answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,17 +212,23 @@ Also, you can <Link to="/phrase-structure/shortening-vps/">shorten these VPs</Li
|
|||
|
||||
### Intransitive Examples
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8079406878333233,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.23472051857740772,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2536,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.886370288897965,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9219,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8079406878333233,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.23472051857740772,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2536,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.886370288897965,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9219,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9075416982120486,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.28604648139292244,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"نه","f":"na"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822092,"i":4766,"p":"چت","f":"chat","g":"chat","e":"roof, ceiling, awning, deck","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.48162044574550333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11589,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9075416982120486,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.28604648139292244,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"نه","f":"na"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822092,"i":4766,"p":"چت","f":"chat","g":"chat","e":"roof, ceiling, awning, deck","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.48162044574550333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11589,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5572202015592207,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10545,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.3374492151395745,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9314743458918573,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813710,"i":7321,"p":"زېږېدل","f":"zeGedul","g":"zegedul","e":"to be born, to appear, arise","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"be","ep":"born"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5572202015592207,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10545,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.3374492151395745,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9314743458918573,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813710,"i":7321,"p":"زېږېدل","f":"zeGedul","g":"zegedul","e":"to be born, to appear, arise","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"be","ep":"born"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
### Transitive Examples
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -222,25 +238,35 @@ With transitive verbs everything works the same, but we follow the <Link to="/ph
|
|||
2. The *object* is king <KingIcon />
|
||||
- The two verb blocks (past participle and equative) will agree with the *object*
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16283326329910142,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.934824319231268,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11611,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16283326329910142,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.934824319231268,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11611,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16283326329910142,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812797,"i":8621,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.934824319231268,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11611,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16283326329910142,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812797,"i":8621,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.934824319231268,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11611,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.10982560050266565,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.41532608310706687,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527816299,"i":2903,"p":"پیسې","f":"peyse","g":"peyse","e":"money (plural of پېسې)","c":"n. f. pl."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815273,"i":8464,"p":"شمېرل","f":"shmerul","g":"shmerul","e":"to count","c":"v. trans.","ec":"count"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.10982560050266565,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.41532608310706687,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527816299,"i":2903,"p":"پیسې","f":"peyse","g":"peyse","e":"money (plural of پېسې)","c":"n. f. pl."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815273,"i":8464,"p":"شمېرل","f":"shmerul","g":"shmerul","e":"to count","c":"v. trans.","ec":"count"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.740132092191961,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47712578068366907,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10014,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812856,"i":11633,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write, draw","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.740132092191961,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47712578068366907,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10014,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812856,"i":11633,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write, draw","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.48107357509198234,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}},{"key":0.8253773159904139,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14484,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.48107357509198234,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}},{"key":0.8253773159904139,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14484,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={intransitivePresentPerfectGameOne} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -252,13 +278,17 @@ With transitive verbs everything works the same, but we follow the <Link to="/ph
|
|||
|
||||
To make perfect forms negative you add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú", e: "" }} /> block, just as you would with any other verb. But interestingly, **the past participle and equative blocks switch places**.
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
|
||||
{
|
||||
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</EditableVPEx>
|
||||
|
||||
You can also say the negative without swapping the order of the past participle and equative, for example <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه تللی نه یم", f: "zu tlúley nú yum" }} /> but that makes it more emphatically negative, kind of like if you were to say, "I have **NOT** gone" in a loud voice.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -65,63 +65,69 @@ Here are some examples of how the present form is used in different situations:
|
|||
|
||||
### Happens generally
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ هره ورځ چای **سکو**.",
|
||||
f: "moonG hăra wradz chaay **skoo**.",
|
||||
e: "We **drink** tea every day.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زما پلار پتلون **اغوندي**.",
|
||||
f: "zmaa plaar patloon **aghondee**.",
|
||||
e: "My dad **wears** pants."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه په عربي **نه پوهېږم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu pu arabee **nú poheGum**.",
|
||||
e: "I **don't understand** Arabic.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته له مرګه **وېرېږې**؟",
|
||||
f: "tu la marga **weréGe**?",
|
||||
e: "**Are** you **afraid** of death?"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "مونږ هره ورځ چای **سکو**.",
|
||||
f: "moonG hăra wradz chaay **skoo**.",
|
||||
e: "We **drink** tea every day.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زما پلار پتلون **اغوندي**.",
|
||||
f: "zmaa plaar patloon **aghondee**.",
|
||||
e: "My dad **wears** pants."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه په عربي **نه پوهېږم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu pu arabee **nú poheGum**.",
|
||||
e: "I **don't understand** Arabic.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته له مرګه **وېرېږې**؟",
|
||||
f: "tu la marga **weréGe**?",
|
||||
e: "**Are** you **afraid** of death?"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Is currently happening
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "نن شپه ستوري **ځلېږي**.",
|
||||
f: "nun shpa storee **dzaléGee**.",
|
||||
e: "The stars **are shining** tonight.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه بازار ته **ځم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu baazaar ta **dzum**.",
|
||||
e: "I'm **going** to the bazaar."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي اوس ډوډۍ **خوري**",
|
||||
f: "haghwee oos DoDuy **khoree**.",
|
||||
e: "They are **eating** food now.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته څه **کوې**؟",
|
||||
f: "tu tsu **kawe**?",
|
||||
e: "What **are** you **doing**?"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "نن شپه ستوري **ځلېږي**.",
|
||||
f: "nun shpa storee **dzaléGee**.",
|
||||
e: "The stars **are shining** tonight.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "زه بازار ته **ځم**.",
|
||||
f: "zu baazaar ta **dzum**.",
|
||||
e: "I'm **going** to the bazaar."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "هغوي اوس ډوډۍ **خوري**",
|
||||
f: "haghwee oos DoDuy **khoree**.",
|
||||
e: "They are **eating** food now.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "ته څه **کوې**؟",
|
||||
f: "tu tsu **kawe**?",
|
||||
e: "What **are** you **doing**?"
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Is definately about to happen
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**هغه نن **راځي.",
|
||||
f: "haghá nun **raadzée**.",
|
||||
e: "**He's coming** today.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{
|
||||
p: "**هغه نن **راځي.",
|
||||
f: "haghá nun **raadzée**.",
|
||||
e: "**He's coming** today.",
|
||||
},
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
<GameDisplay record={presentVerbGame1} />
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
|
|||
title: 🌳 Roots and Stems
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
|
|
@ -193,9 +184,11 @@ The negative <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" , e: "not" }} /> is
|
|||
|
||||
When one of these negatives is used **it always takes over the accent from the verb**.
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "دتله **کېنه**", f: "dălta **kéna**", e: "sit here" },
|
||||
{ p: "دلته **مه کېنه**", f: "dălta **mú kena**", e: "don't sit here" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره **غږېدم**", f: "zu wăr-sara **ghuGedúm**", e: "I was talking with him" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره **نه غږېدم**", f: "zu wăr-sara **nú ghuGedum**", e: "I was talking with him" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "دتله **کېنه**", f: "dălta **kéna**", e: "sit here" },
|
||||
{ p: "دلته **مه کېنه**", f: "dălta **mú kena**", e: "don't sit here" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره **غږېدم**", f: "zu wăr-sara **ghuGedúm**", e: "I was talking with him" },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورسره **نه غږېدم**", f: "zu wăr-sara **nú ghuGedum**", e: "I was talking with him" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -61,39 +61,47 @@ The subjunctive is made the same way as its cousin the <Link to="/verbs/present-
|
|||
|
||||
### Should or shouldn't
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه یې واخلم؟", f: "zu ye **wáakhlum?**", e: "Should I take it?" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه دې **راشي**.", f: "haghá de **ráashee**.", e: "He should come." },
|
||||
{ p: "ډوډۍ **وخورو**؟", f: "DoDuy **óokhoroo**?", e: "Should we eat food?" },
|
||||
{ p: "په کار دی چې مونږ انګیلسي **زده کړو**.", f: "pu kaar dey che moonG ingleesee **zdá kRoo**.", e: "We need to learn English." },
|
||||
{ p: "چې ورسره خبرې **و**نه **کړې**!", f: "che wăr-sara khabure **oo**-nú-**kRe**!", e: "You'd better not talk to him!" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "زه یې واخلم؟", f: "zu ye **wáakhlum?**", e: "Should I take it?" },
|
||||
{ p: "هغه دې **راشي**.", f: "haghá de **ráashee**.", e: "He should come." },
|
||||
{ p: "ډوډۍ **وخورو**؟", f: "DoDuy **óokhoroo**?", e: "Should we eat food?" },
|
||||
{ p: "په کار دی چې مونږ انګیلسي **زده کړو**.", f: "pu kaar dey che moonG ingleesee **zdá kRoo**.", e: "We need to learn English." },
|
||||
{ p: "چې ورسره خبرې **و**نه **کړې**!", f: "che wăr-sara khabure **oo**-nú-**kRe**!", e: "You'd better not talk to him!" },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: the subjunctive can be used almost like an imperative in situations like this.
|
||||
|
||||
### Possibility
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "امکان شته چې **لاړ شي**.", f: "imkaan shta che **láaR shee**.", e: "There's a possibility that he'll go." },
|
||||
{ p: "شاید هغه نن **ووینم**.", f: "shaayid haghá nun **óoweenum**.", e: "Maybe I'll see him today." },
|
||||
{ p: "کېدی شي چې پولیس یې **ونیسي**.", f: "kedey shee che polees ye **óoneesee**", e: "The police could catch him." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "امکان شته چې **لاړ شي**.", f: "imkaan shta che **láaR shee**.", e: "There's a possibility that he'll go." },
|
||||
{ p: "شاید هغه نن **ووینم**.", f: "shaayid haghá nun **óoweenum**.", e: "Maybe I'll see him today." },
|
||||
{ p: "کېدی شي چې پولیس یې **ونیسي**.", f: "kedey shee che polees ye **óoneesee**", e: "The police could catch him." },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه ورو ورو خبرې کوي، چې **پوه شي**.", f: "haghá wro wro khabure kawee, che **póh shee**.", e: "She speaks slowly so that she'll understand." },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورته کتابونه ورکوم، چې **و**یې **لولي**.", f: "zu wăr-ta kitaaboona wăr-kawum, che **óo**-ye-**lwulee**.", e: "I'm giving him books so that he'll read them." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه ورو ورو خبرې کوي، چې **پوه شي**.", f: "haghá wro wro khabure kawee, che **póh shee**.", e: "She speaks slowly so that she'll understand." },
|
||||
{ p: "زه ورته کتابونه ورکوم، چې **و**یې **لولي**.", f: "zu wăr-ta kitaaboona wăr-kawum, che **óo**-ye-**lwulee**.", e: "I'm giving him books so that he'll read them." },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Because the subjunctive is made from the perfect stem, the front part of it (usually <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo" }} />) can be split off and you can put little particles like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "هم", f: "hum" }} />, and <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronouns</Link> in between it and the rest of the verb. See the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">verb trees</Link> 🌳 and click on the split button to see where this split happens.
|
||||
|
||||
When you use the negative <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> particle, it <strong>always</strong> has to go in this split. (And <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> always takes over the emphasis/accent on the word.)
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه وتړه چې **و**نه **تښتي**.", f: "hagha óotaRa che **oo**-nú-**tuxtee**.", e: "Tie him up so that he doesn't escape." },
|
||||
{ p: "کړګۍ بنده کړه چې هوا دننه **را**نه **شي**", f: "kiRkúy banda kRa che hawaa dununa **raa**-nú-**shee**", e: "Close the window so the air doesn't come inside." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: "هغه وتړه چې **و**نه **تښتي**.", f: "hagha óotaRa che **oo**-nú-**tuxtee**.", e: "Tie him up so that he doesn't escape." },
|
||||
{ p: "کړګۍ بنده کړه چې هوا دننه **را**نه **شي**", f: "kiRkúy banda kRa che hawaa dununa **raa**-nú-**shee**", e: "Close the window so the air doesn't come inside." },
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## With Subordinate Clauses
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -42,10 +42,12 @@ The imperfective <i className="fas fa-video" /> aspect is used for looking at t
|
|||
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `ما ډوډۍ **خوړله**`, f: `maa DoDuy **khoRúla**`, e: "I was eating food" },
|
||||
{ p: `زه په پارک کې **ګرځېدم**`, f: `zu pu paark ke **gurdzedúm**`, e: "I was walking in the park" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
### Perfective Aspect
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,10 +59,12 @@ The perfective <i className="fas fa-camera" /> aspect is used for looking at th
|
|||
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `ما ډوډۍ **وخوړله**`, f: `maa DoDuy **óokhoRula**`, e: "I ate food" },
|
||||
{ p: `زه په پارک کې **وګرځېدم**`, f: `zu pu paark ke **óogurdzedum**`, e: "I took a walk in the park" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
## Pashto Uses Aspects Everywhere!
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -78,14 +82,18 @@ For example, when making commands in Pashto we have to choose which aspect we ar
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `خبله کوټه **صفا کوه**!`, f: `khpula koTa **safaa kawa**`, e: "Clean your room!" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `خبله کوټه **صفا کړه**!`, f: `khpula koTa **safaa kRa**!`, e: "Clean your room!" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -107,14 +115,18 @@ Or when talking about things in the future tense, we face the same choice of asp
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `مونږ به **کېنو** او **خبرې کوو**`, f: `moonG ba **keenóo** aw **khabure kawoo**`, e: "We'll sit and talk" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `مونږ به **کېنو** او **خبرې وکړو**`, f: `moonG ba **kéenoo** aw **khabure ookRoo**`, e: "We'll sit and talk" },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -136,14 +148,18 @@ Even when talking about ability in the past tense, you still have to choose an a
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `هغه له کوره **وتلی شوه**`, f: `haghá la kora **watuley shwa**`, e: "She was able to leave the house." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{psmd([
|
||||
{ p: `هغه له کوره **ووتلی شوه**`, f: `haghá la kora **óowatuley shwa**`, e: "She was able to leave the house." },
|
||||
])}</Examples>
|
||||
])}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
|
|||
title: Verb Endings
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
|
||||
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
|
||||
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
import {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ In order to deal with these ambiguities in the Arabic script, little **optional*
|
|||
|
||||
The most common diacritic marking you will see is a little ◌ٔ (hamza) above the ـه on the end of the word. This is because the ـه at the end of a word can represent any short vowel (a, i, u, U), but most Pashto words will either end with "a" or "u" on the end. When written with an (optional) little hamza on the end (ـهٔ), it indicates that **the shwa sound "u" is being used, not "a."**
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "ته", f: "ta", e: "to" },
|
||||
{ p: "تهٔ", f: "tu", e: "you" },
|
||||
{ p: "کارګهٔ", f: "kaargu", e: "crow" },
|
||||
{ p: "ویدهٔ", f: "weedu", e: "asleep (masc.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "ویده", f: "weeda", e: "asleep (fem.)" },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "ته", f: "ta", e: "to" },
|
||||
{ p: "تهٔ", f: "tu", e: "you" },
|
||||
{ p: "کارګهٔ", f: "kaargu", e: "crow" },
|
||||
{ p: "ویدهٔ", f: "weedu", e: "asleep (masc.)" },
|
||||
{ p: "ویده", f: "weeda", e: "asleep (fem.)" },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
It's more common to see this being used in Pakistan. You don't need to use it, but if you do, the word *must* end with a "u" sound.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -324,14 +324,18 @@ One very common mistake in Pakistan is the use of ے instead of ې. This might b
|
|||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "د زپې او لهجې په حواله به خبرې کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "د زپې او لهجې په حواله به خبرې کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "د زپې او لهجے په حواله به خبرے کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "د زپې او لهجے په حواله به خبرے کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
|
@ -341,36 +345,44 @@ One very common mistake in Pakistan is the use of ے instead of ې. This might b
|
|||
|
||||
##### Standard Afghan
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځای شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړی کابل ته رسېدی شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وايي، زما خاوند کوچی دی، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځای شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړی کابل ته رسېدی شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وايي، زما خاوند کوچی دی، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
##### Pakistani with ي
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وائي، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وائي، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
##### Pakistani with ی
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شی، غر ترې جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شی، غر ترې جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
||||
##### Old Pakistani
|
||||
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چه یو ځائ شی، غر ترے جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچئ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسئ کے کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}</Examples>
|
||||
<Examples opts={opts}>
|
||||
{[
|
||||
{ p: "دانه دانه چه یو ځائ شی، غر ترے جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
|
||||
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
|
||||
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچئ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
|
||||
{ p: `تاسو کرسئ کے کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
|
||||
]}
|
||||
</Examples>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
|
|||
import games from "./games";
|
||||
import { useUser } from "../user-context";
|
||||
import Link from "../components/Link";
|
||||
// @ts-ignore
|
||||
import SmoothCollapse from "react-smooth-collapse";
|
||||
import {
|
||||
AT,
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
30
src/index.js
30
src/index.js
|
|
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
|||
import { StrictMode } from 'react';
|
||||
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
|
||||
import App from './App';
|
||||
import * as serviceWorkerRegistration from './serviceWorkerRegistration';
|
||||
import { BrowserRouter as Router } from "react-router-dom";
|
||||
import { UserProvider} from "./user-context";
|
||||
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css";
|
||||
import "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free/css/all.css";
|
||||
import reportWebVitals from './reportWebVitals';
|
||||
|
||||
ReactDOM.render(
|
||||
<StrictMode>
|
||||
<Router>
|
||||
<UserProvider>
|
||||
<App />
|
||||
</UserProvider>
|
||||
</Router>
|
||||
</StrictMode>,
|
||||
document.getElementById('root')
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
// If you want your app to work offline and load faster, you can change
|
||||
// unregister() to register() below. Note this comes with some pitfalls.
|
||||
// Learn more about service workers: https://cra.link/PWA
|
||||
serviceWorkerRegistration.register();
|
||||
|
||||
// If you want to start measuring performance in your app, pass a function
|
||||
// to log results (for example: reportWebVitals(console.log))
|
||||
// or send to an analytics endpoint. Learn more: https://bit.ly/CRA-vitals
|
||||
reportWebVitals();
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,718 +0,0 @@
|
|||
import {
|
||||
equativeMachine,
|
||||
EquativeMachineOutput,
|
||||
SubjectInput,
|
||||
PredicateInput,
|
||||
ParticipleInput,
|
||||
assembleEquativeOutput,
|
||||
} from "./equative-machine";
|
||||
import {
|
||||
Types as T,
|
||||
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
|
||||
|
||||
// INPUTS
|
||||
// Person (pronoun) - subject only
|
||||
// Noun - subject/predicate
|
||||
// Unisex Noun - subject/predicate
|
||||
// Adjective - predicate only
|
||||
// Participle - subject/predicate
|
||||
|
||||
// COMBINATIONS
|
||||
// Subject | Predicate
|
||||
// ---------------------------
|
||||
// Person | Noun
|
||||
// Person | Unisex Noun ✔
|
||||
// Person | Adjective ✔
|
||||
// Person | Participle ✔
|
||||
// Noun | Noun ✔
|
||||
// Noun | Adjective ✔
|
||||
// Plural Noun | Adjective ✔
|
||||
// Noun | Participle ✔
|
||||
// Noun | Specified Unisex Noun ✔
|
||||
// Specified Unisex Noun | Noun ✔
|
||||
// Specified Unisex Noun | Adjective ✔
|
||||
// Specified Unisex Noun | Participle ✔
|
||||
// Participle | Noun ✔
|
||||
// Participle | Adjective ✔
|
||||
// Participle | Participle ✔
|
||||
// Participle | Specified Unisex noun ✔
|
||||
|
||||
// TODO: allow unisex subject inputs male or female!
|
||||
|
||||
const abilities: {
|
||||
label: string,
|
||||
tests: {
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: SubjectInput,
|
||||
predicate: PredicateInput,
|
||||
tense: EquativeTense,
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: EquativeMachineOutput,
|
||||
}[],
|
||||
}[] = [
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Person PREDICATE: Adjective",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
// -- inflecting adjectives
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.FirstSingMale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815306,"i":7530,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I (m.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "tired" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یم", f: "yum", e: "am" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.SecondPlurFemale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815306,"i":7530,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "تاسو", f: "táaso", e: "You (f. pl.)" }, { p: "تاسې", f: "táase", e: "You (f. pl.)"}],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "ستړې", f: "stúRe", e: "tired" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یئ", f: "yeyy", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
// -- non-inflecting adjectives
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.ThirdSingFemale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527812798,"i":5595,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "هغه", f: "haghá", e: "She/it (f.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Person PREDICATE: Unisex Noun",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.FirstSingFemale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1591872915426,"i":696,"p":"افغانی","f":"afghaanéy","g":"afghaaney","e":"Afghan (person)","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I (f.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "افغانۍ", f: "afghaanúy", e: "(a/the) Afghan" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یم", f: "yum", e: "am" }],
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.FirstPlurFemale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1591872915426,"i":696,"p":"افغانی","f":"afghaanéy","g":"afghaaney","e":"Afghan (person)","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "مونږ", f: "moonG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }, { p: "موږ", f: "mooG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [
|
||||
{ p: "افغانیانې", f: "afghaaniyáane", e: "(the) Afghans" },
|
||||
{ p: "افغانۍ", f: "afghaanúy", e: "(the) Afghans" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یو", f: "yoo", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.FirstPlurFemale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527814779,"i":935,"p":"انسان","f":"insaan","g":"insaan","e":"human, person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "مونږ", f: "moonG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }, { p: "موږ", f: "mooG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "انسانانې", f: "insaanáane", e: "(the) humans" }, { p: "انسانې", f: "insaane", e: "(the) humans" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یو", f: "yoo", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.SecondSingFemale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527814779,"i":935,"p":"انسان","f":"insaan","g":"insaan","e":"human, person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "You (f.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "انسانه", f: "insaana", e: "(a/the) human" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یې", f: "ye", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Adjective",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دی", f: "dey", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(The) books" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812797,"i":8542,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f. anim.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "ښځه", f: "xúdza", e: "(A/The) woman" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زړه", f: "zaRa", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812797,"i":8542,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f. anim.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "ښځې", f: "xúdze", e: "(The) women" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زړې", f: "zaRe", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
// non-inflecting adjective as predicate
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812797,"i":8542,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f. anim.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527812798,"i":5595,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "ښځې", f: "xúdze", e: "(The) women" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Plural Noun Predicate: Adjective",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815008,"i":8433,"p":"شودې","f":"shoodé","g":"shoode","e":"milk","c":"n. f. pl."} as PluralNounEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527812796,"i":8578,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "شودې", f: "shoodé", e: "(The) milk" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "ښې", f: "xe", e: "good" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527817330,"i":9204,"p":"غنم","f":"ghanúm","g":"ghanum","e":"wheat","c":"n. m. pl."} as PluralNounEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7192,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "غنم", f: "ghanúm", e: "(The) wheat" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Adjective",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {"ts":1527812790,"i":5747,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527812796,"i":8578,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "خوړل", f: "khoRul", e: "eating" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "ښه", f: "xu", e: "good" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {"ts":1527817298,"i":310,"p":"اخیستل","f":"akheestul","g":"akheestul","e":"to take, buy, purchase, receive; to shave, cut with scissors","c":"v. trans.","psp":"اخل","psf":"akhl","ec":"take,takes,taking,took,taken"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "اخیستل", f: "akheestul", e: "taking" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {"ts":1527816854,"i":4365,"p":"جګېدل","f":"jugedul, jigedul","g":"jugedul,jigedul","e":"to get up, be raised up","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527812707,"ec":"get, gets, getting, got, gotten","ep":"up"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815246,"i":7591,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "جګېدل", f: "jugedul", e: "getting up" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "سخت", f: "sakht", e: "hard" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Person PREDICATE: Participle",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: T.Person.SecondSingMale,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "You (m.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Noun",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527813477,"i":5790,"p":"خوشحالي","f":"khosh`haalee","g":"khoshhaalee","e":"happiness, joy","c":"n. f."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812788,"i":5729,"p":"خوراک","f":"khoráak, khwaráak","g":"khoraak,khwaraak","e":"food","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "خوشحالي", f: "khosh`haalee", e: "(A/The) happiness" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "خوراک", f: "khoráak", e: "(a/the) food" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دی", f: "dey", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Participle",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527822878,"i":14157,"p":"وروروالی","f":"wrorwaaley","g":"wrorwaaley","e":"brotherhood, comradery, tight and good friendship","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527816064,"i":7097,"p":"زغمل","f":"zghamul","g":"zghamul","e":"to endure, bear, tolerate, take on, digest","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"زغامه","tppf":"zghaamu","ec":"endure"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "وروروالی", f: "wrorwaaley", e: "(A/The) brotherhood" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زغمل", f: "zghamul", e: "enduring" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Noun",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
predicate: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527813477,"i":5790,"p":"خوشحالي","f":"khosh`haalee","g":"khoshhaalee","e":"happiness, joy","c":"n. f."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "خوشحالي", f: "khosh`haalee", e: "(a/the) happiness" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Participle",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1577394057681,"i":2784,"p":"پوهېدل","f":"pohedul","g":"pohedul","e":"to understand (to come to a state of understanding)","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527811469,"ec":"understand,understand,understanding,understood"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "پوهېدل", f: "pohedul", e: "understanding" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Specified Unisex Noun",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
gender: "fem",
|
||||
},
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(The) books" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(a/the) nurse" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Specified Unisex Noun PREDICATE: Adjective",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
gender: "fem",
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [
|
||||
{ p: "نرسانې", f: "narsáane", e: "(The) nurses" },
|
||||
{ p: "نرسې", f: "narse", e: "(The) nurses" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زړې", f: "zaRe", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Specified Unisex Noun PREDICATE: Predicate",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
gender: "fem",
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(A/The) nurse" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(the) books" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Specified Unisex Noun PREDICATE: Participle",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
gender: "fem",
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527813680,"i":9131,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to converse, speak, talk, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(A/The) nurse" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "غږېدل", f: "ghuGedul", e: "speaking" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Specified Unisex Noun",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
|
||||
predicate: {
|
||||
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
gender: "fem",
|
||||
},
|
||||
tense: "present",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(a/the) nurse" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "Past tense",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "past",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: {
|
||||
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "was" }],
|
||||
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "was" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: '"Would be" tense',
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "wouldBe",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: true,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: {
|
||||
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "would be" }],
|
||||
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "would be" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "Subjunctive tense",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "subjunctive",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "وي", f: "wee", e: "is" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "Future tense",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "future",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: true,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "وي", f: "wee", e: "will be" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
label: "Past Subjunctive Tense",
|
||||
tests: [
|
||||
{
|
||||
in: {
|
||||
subject: {
|
||||
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
|
||||
plural: false,
|
||||
},
|
||||
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
|
||||
tense: "pastSubjunctive",
|
||||
},
|
||||
out: {
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [
|
||||
{ p: "وای", f: "waay", e: "were" },
|
||||
{ p: "وی", f: "wey", e: "were" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
},
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
describe("equativeMachine", () => {
|
||||
abilities.forEach((a) => {
|
||||
test(a.label, () => {
|
||||
a.tests.forEach((t) => {
|
||||
expect(equativeMachine(t.in.subject, t.in.predicate, t.in.tense)).toEqual(t.out);
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
test("assembleEquativeOutput", () => {
|
||||
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(The) books" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
})).toEqual([{ p: "کتابونه زاړه دي", f: "kitaabóona zaaRu dee", e: "(The) books are old" }]);
|
||||
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "مونږ", f: "moonG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }, { p: "موږ", f: "mooG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }],
|
||||
predicate: [
|
||||
{ p: "افغانیانې", f: "afghaaniyáane", e: "(the) Afghans" },
|
||||
{ p: "افغانۍ", f: "afghaanúy", e: "(the) Afghans" },
|
||||
],
|
||||
equative: [{ p: "یو", f: "yoo", e: "are" }],
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
})).toEqual([
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ افغانیانې یو", f: "moonG afghaaniyáane yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
|
||||
{ p: "مونږ افغانۍ یو", f: "moonG afghaanúy yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
|
||||
{ p: "موږ افغانیانې یو", f: "mooG afghaaniyáane yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
|
||||
{ p: "موږ افغانۍ یو", f: "mooG afghaanúy yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
|
||||
]);
|
||||
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: {
|
||||
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "was" }],
|
||||
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "was" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
ba: false,
|
||||
})).toEqual({
|
||||
short: [{ p: "کتاب زوړ و", f: "kitáab zoR wo", e: "(A/The) book was old" }],
|
||||
long: [{ p: "کتاب زوړ ولو", f: "kitáab zoR wulo", e: "(A/The) book was old" }],
|
||||
});
|
||||
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
|
||||
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
|
||||
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
|
||||
equative: {
|
||||
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "would be" }],
|
||||
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "would be" }],
|
||||
},
|
||||
ba: true,
|
||||
})).toEqual({
|
||||
short: [{ p: "کتاب به زوړ و", f: "kitáab ba zoR wo", e: "(A/The) book would be old" }],
|
||||
long: [{ p: "کتاب به زوړ ولو", f: "kitáab ba zoR wulo", e: "(A/The) book would be old" }],
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
import Markdown from "markdown-to-jsx";
|
||||
|
||||
export default function psmd(input) {
|
||||
export default function psmd(input: any): any {
|
||||
if (Array.isArray(input)) {
|
||||
return input.map(psmd);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
|||
import React from 'react'
|
||||
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client'
|
||||
import App from './App'
|
||||
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css";
|
||||
import "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free/css/all.css";
|
||||
import { registerSW } from "virtual:pwa-register";
|
||||
import {
|
||||
BrowserRouter,
|
||||
} from "react-router-dom";
|
||||
import { UserProvider} from "./user-context";
|
||||
|
||||
const updateSW = registerSW({
|
||||
onNeedRefresh() {
|
||||
if (confirm("New content available. Reload?")) {
|
||||
updateSW(true);
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
onOfflineReady() {
|
||||
console.log("offline ready");
|
||||
},
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root') as HTMLElement).render(
|
||||
<React.StrictMode>
|
||||
<BrowserRouter>
|
||||
<UserProvider>
|
||||
<App />
|
||||
</UserProvider>
|
||||
</BrowserRouter>
|
||||
</React.StrictMode>,
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
|||
type TableOfContents = {
|
||||
depth: number,
|
||||
value: string,
|
||||
id: string,
|
||||
children?: TableOfContents,
|
||||
}[];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
export default [
|
||||
1527812449, // هلته - hálta, álta
|
||||
1527813043, // بې له ټاله - be la Taala
|
||||
1527823145, // بېرون - beróon
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527811221, // پورته - porta
|
||||
1578080952673, // دباندې - dubaande
|
||||
1527812558, // دلته - dălta
|
||||
1527812449, // هلته - halta
|
||||
1527813122, // دننه - dununa
|
||||
1527812780, // ښکته - xkuta
|
||||
1527814605, // لرې - lure
|
||||
1527814708, // نژدې - nijzde, najzde
|
||||
1527814911, // نږدې - naGde
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527815329, // tajriba
|
||||
1527812797, // xudza
|
||||
1527812766, // khabura
|
||||
1527816466, // صلح - sUlha
|
||||
1527816589, // طرح - tarha
|
||||
1589023873660, // فتح - fathá
|
||||
1527813791, // اجازه - ijaaza
|
||||
1614083533098, // اجنډه - ajanDa
|
||||
1527811425, // darwaaza
|
||||
1527816215, // اداره - idaara
|
||||
1527812687, // ادامه - idaama
|
||||
1527811661, // اډه - aDa
|
||||
1527814310, // ارزونه - arzawuna
|
||||
1527821380, // اره - ara
|
||||
1527822277, // اسپه - aspa
|
||||
1527814922, // اضافه - izaafa
|
||||
1527822458, // افاده - ifaada
|
||||
1527813303, // افسانه - afsaana
|
||||
1527822494, // انانګه - anaangá
|
||||
1527817225, // اندازه - andaaza
|
||||
1527813759, // اندېښنه - andexna
|
||||
1527815787, // اوږه - ooGá
|
||||
1527813787, // اوښکه - ooxka
|
||||
1527819927, // اینه - éena
|
||||
1527816261, // بټوه - baTwa
|
||||
1527812001, // برخه - barkha
|
||||
1578009902092, // برقه - bUrqá
|
||||
1527816994, // برنامه - barnaama
|
||||
1579294091093, // برنډه - baranDá
|
||||
1527823617, // بزه - bazá
|
||||
1527823619, // بزه - bUzá
|
||||
1527823620, // بزه - bza
|
||||
1591026261598, // بزه - buza
|
||||
1574188090133, // بسپنه - baspuna
|
||||
1527816590, // بسنه - basuna
|
||||
1593852212828, // بېره - béra
|
||||
1527815862, // بېړه - beRa
|
||||
1527815156, // پاڼه - paaNa
|
||||
1527813481, // پروژه - projza
|
||||
1527818409, // پروسه - purosa
|
||||
1527815192, // پرېکړه - prékRa
|
||||
1527822412, // پزه - páza
|
||||
1527816124, // پښه - pxa
|
||||
1527815155, // پلمه - palma
|
||||
1566469328688, // پنکه - panka
|
||||
1527815184, // پوښتنه - poxtuna
|
||||
1527822437, // تاخچه - taakhchá
|
||||
1527814974, // تبه - tuba
|
||||
1527815332, // تمه - tama
|
||||
1527815716, // تیږه - teeGa
|
||||
1582390417084, // تېښته - téxta
|
||||
1527822268, // ټانګه - Taangá
|
||||
1527812014, // ټولنه - Toluna
|
||||
1527816696, // جمله - jUmla
|
||||
1527820504, // ځمکه - dzmuka
|
||||
1527815497, // څېره - tsera
|
||||
1527811993, // حمله - hamla
|
||||
1527812720, // ژبه - jzúba, jzíba
|
||||
1527812052, // خښته - khuxta
|
||||
1527813475, // دقیقه - daqeeqa
|
||||
1527812542, // دمه - dama
|
||||
1527812085, // دنده - danda
|
||||
1527822847, // ژامه - jzaamá
|
||||
1527815278, // شپه - shpa
|
||||
1527813145, // قبیله - qabeela
|
||||
1566653299904, // کمره - kamara
|
||||
1527812825, // کوڅه - kootsa
|
||||
1527812756, // کېله - kela
|
||||
1527812859, // لوبه - lóba
|
||||
1527819087, // ماته - maata
|
||||
1588076706989, // مسافه - masaafá
|
||||
1527818358, // مڼه - maNá
|
||||
1527812901, // مېده - meda
|
||||
1527813387, // نښته - nuxúta
|
||||
1527815110, // نښه - náxa, núxa
|
||||
1527813391, // نېټه - neTa
|
||||
1527811429, // هدیره - hadeera
|
||||
1527814323, // هدیه - hadiya
|
||||
1527812655, // هفته - hafta
|
||||
1527812681, // هوکړه - hókRa
|
||||
1578343468611, // واڼه - wáaNa
|
||||
1527822717, // واوره - wáawra
|
||||
1527811207, // وروځه - wróodza
|
||||
1527816375, // ورېره - wrera
|
||||
1527822259, // وږمه - waGmá
|
||||
1527814719, // وسله - wasla
|
||||
1527823717, // کپړه - kapRá
|
||||
1527816257, // کتابچه - kitaabcha
|
||||
1527820050, // کڅوړه - katsóRa
|
||||
1527813252, // کرښه - kurxa
|
||||
1527823590, // کره - kará
|
||||
1527823591, // کره - kára
|
||||
1527815884, // کره کتنه - karakatuna
|
||||
1527823035, // کروړه - karoRá
|
||||
1527816870, // کرونده - karwanda
|
||||
1527817371, // کریږه - kreeGa
|
||||
1598119732734, // کرېله - karelá
|
||||
1527820606, // سمڅه - smútsa
|
||||
1527815249, // سندره - sandura
|
||||
1591034128816, // سهوه - sáhwa
|
||||
1527814370, // سوږمه - soGma
|
||||
1527817498, // سوکړه - sookRá
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527813115, // ادعا - idaa
|
||||
1527818119, // امسا - amsaa
|
||||
1527815043, // جزا - jazaa
|
||||
1527819022, // څا - tsaa
|
||||
1527814225, // خطا - khataa
|
||||
1610797589510, // خلا - khaláa
|
||||
1527812582, // دعا - dUaa
|
||||
1527813415, // دوا - dawaa
|
||||
1527812272, // رڼا - raNaa
|
||||
1527823245, // رویا - rooyáa
|
||||
1586596579414, // شورا - shooraa
|
||||
1527815984, // ښکلا - xkulaa
|
||||
1527817670, // غلا - ghlaa
|
||||
1527814362, // غوا - ghwaa
|
||||
1585487002625, // قلا - qaláa
|
||||
1527812048, // مانا - maanaa
|
||||
1527815483, // ملا - mlaa
|
||||
1527812230, // ملګرتیا - malgurtiyaa
|
||||
1527812910, // مېلمستیا - melmastiyaa
|
||||
1617781446945, // ناجوړتیا - naajoRtiyaa, naajoRtyaa
|
||||
1527815120, // نیا - niyaa
|
||||
1527811740, // نیمګړتیا - neemguRtiyaa
|
||||
1527821040, // وبا - wabáa
|
||||
1527823534, // وړتیا - waRtiyáa
|
||||
1610443988250, // وېشلتیا - weshiltyaa, weshiltiyaa
|
||||
1527816806, // وینا - waynaa
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527815197, // پښتون
|
||||
1527813148, // پروت
|
||||
1574867531681, // پوخ
|
||||
1576952412644, // پوست
|
||||
1527815366, // تریخ
|
||||
1527818789, // تریو
|
||||
1527815333, // تنور
|
||||
1527817664, // تود
|
||||
1577408901204, // ځنګون
|
||||
1527819238, // ورون
|
||||
1527815162, // پتنوس
|
||||
1527816071, // خپور
|
||||
1574865652928, // خوږ
|
||||
1527813499, // دروند
|
||||
1527813943, // راستون
|
||||
1576596860977, // روڼ
|
||||
1527811971, // ړوند
|
||||
1527815451, // زوړ
|
||||
1527822421, // پرتوګ
|
||||
1527815845, // ژوندون
|
||||
1527815300, // سپور
|
||||
1527819505, // ستون
|
||||
1600080053835, // سور
|
||||
1527813068, // سوړ
|
||||
1575924767041, // شپون
|
||||
1527813172, // کوږ
|
||||
1527811973, // کوڼ
|
||||
1527823497, // لړمون
|
||||
1527813809, // لمونځ
|
||||
1527817123, // لومد
|
||||
1527817117, // لوند
|
||||
1576889120767, // لوند
|
||||
1527812927, // موړ
|
||||
1527812908, // مېلمه
|
||||
1579463171333, // نوږ
|
||||
1576113803291, // ووړ
|
||||
1527819244, // کوربه
|
||||
1527812908, // مېلمه
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527814150, // لار - laar
|
||||
1527815417, // ورځ - wradz
|
||||
1527812922, // میاشت - miyaasht
|
||||
1527823306, // څنګل - tsangúl
|
||||
1527813824, // غېږ - gheG
|
||||
1527820524, // څرمن - tsarmún
|
||||
1527814147, // بړستن - bRastun
|
||||
1527822792, // توشک - toshák
|
||||
1527818707, // ترخځ - turkhúdz
|
||||
1527813294, // ږمنځ - Gmundz
|
||||
1527811580, // ستن - stun
|
||||
1527815779, // کنځل - kundzul
|
||||
1527817456, // لمن - lamun
|
||||
1527822725, // لوېشت - lwesht
|
||||
1527811609, // منګل - mangul
|
||||
1527821684, // ورېځ - wurédz
|
||||
1527815129, // oobu
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527812342, // khalk
|
||||
1527814694, // mawaad
|
||||
1527815177, // پلار
|
||||
1527812828, // کور
|
||||
1527812432, // آسمان - aasmaan
|
||||
1527812431, // آم - aam
|
||||
1527812434, // آواز - aawaaz
|
||||
1527816724, // اتاق - Utaaq
|
||||
1527811859, // اتحاد - itihaad
|
||||
1527822033, // اتصال - ittisáal
|
||||
1527811858, // اتفاق - itifaaq
|
||||
1527813560, // اتهام - itihaam
|
||||
1527812105, // احترام - ihtiraam
|
||||
1527819653, // احتمال - ihtimaal
|
||||
1527812689, // احتیاج - ihtiyaaj
|
||||
1527812690, // احتیاط - ihtiyaat
|
||||
1527813782, // احساس - ahsaas
|
||||
1527817303, // اعتراض - itiraaz
|
||||
1527813418, // اغېز - aghez
|
||||
1527816625, // افت - afat
|
||||
1527813558, // الزام - ilzaam
|
||||
1527815388, // امید - Umeed
|
||||
1527812453, // انځور - andzoor
|
||||
1527813827, // اور - or
|
||||
1527814787, // باران - baaraan
|
||||
1527817293, // بام - baam
|
||||
1527814849, // بانجن - baanjan
|
||||
1527814106, // بحران - bUhraan
|
||||
1527814885, // بخت - bakht
|
||||
1527811281, // بڼ - baN
|
||||
1624039195280, // بورس - boors
|
||||
1527816877, // بیرغ - beyragh
|
||||
1527820423, // پاسپورټ - paasporT
|
||||
1527813224, // پل - pUl
|
||||
1527813480, // پلان - plaan
|
||||
1527815199, // پلاو - pulaaw
|
||||
1527815185, // پور - por
|
||||
1527815176, // پیاز - piyaaz
|
||||
1527815171, // پیل - peyl
|
||||
1527816610, // تاج - taaj
|
||||
1527822373, // تاک - taak
|
||||
1527815326, // تایید - taayeed
|
||||
1527815357, // تخم - tUkhum
|
||||
1527821586, // ترحم - tarahhÚm
|
||||
1527811389, // تصویر - tasweer
|
||||
1527814679, // تضمین - tazmeen
|
||||
1527814258, // تقریر - taqreer
|
||||
1527821670, // تقلب - taqalÚb
|
||||
1527811602, // تکل - takál
|
||||
1527813398, // تګ - tug, tag
|
||||
1527822126, // تلین - tleen
|
||||
1527811308, // تماس - tamaas
|
||||
1527817900, // تن - tan
|
||||
1527821061, // تناقض - tanaaqÚz
|
||||
1527822387, // تناو - tanáaw
|
||||
1527818995, // تندر - tandúr
|
||||
1527815362, // توپ - top
|
||||
1527816820, // توک - took
|
||||
1527816520, // ټبر - Tabar
|
||||
1527811348, // ټپ - Tap
|
||||
1527819566, // ټکر - TUkúr
|
||||
1527812213, // جمات - jUmaat
|
||||
1527811705, // جوړښت - joRuxt
|
||||
1527814058, // ځواب - dzawaab
|
||||
1527816887, // ځواک - dzwaak
|
||||
1527814649, // چوک - chok
|
||||
1527815065, // څټک - tsaTak, tsTuk
|
||||
1527814589, // څنګ - tsang
|
||||
1527816228, // حد - had
|
||||
1527813749, // حکومت - hUkoomat
|
||||
1527814125, // حل - hal
|
||||
1527818703, // خت - khut
|
||||
1527813804, // خوب - khob
|
||||
1527812815, // خوندیتوب - khwundeetob
|
||||
1527813763, // دین - deen
|
||||
1527811517, // سفر - safar
|
||||
1527815389, // عمر - Úmur
|
||||
1527816746, // غاښ - ghaax
|
||||
1527812631, // غوږ - ghwuG, ghwaG
|
||||
1527812265, // فرمان - farmaan
|
||||
1527817205, // فلم - film
|
||||
1527812727, // کال - kaal
|
||||
1527812817, // کتاب - kitaab
|
||||
1527812611, // ګام - gaam
|
||||
1527812641, // ګل - gUl
|
||||
1527812650, // ګواښ - gwaax
|
||||
1527813521, // ماتم - maatam
|
||||
1527812176, // ماښام - maaxaam
|
||||
1527813601, // مرګ - marg
|
||||
1527817691, // مستقبل - mUstaqbil
|
||||
1527811866, // نقصان - nUqsaan
|
||||
1527815122, // نوم - noom
|
||||
1527812661, // هلک - halík, halúk
|
||||
1566476070874, // واټ - waaT
|
||||
1527816036, // واک - waak
|
||||
1527815400, // وخت - wakht
|
||||
1527818582, // ودانښت - wadaanuxt
|
||||
1527811441, // ور - war
|
||||
1527815406, // وطن - watán
|
||||
1573149648251, // وطن وال - watanwaal
|
||||
1586428847646, // وطنوال - watanwáal
|
||||
1527822208, // وطواط - watwáat
|
||||
1527819571, // وهم - wáhum, wahm
|
||||
1527816332, // ویاړ - wyaaR
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527815408, // ویده - weedú
|
||||
1527812796, // ښه - xu
|
||||
1527821744, // آشپز - aashpáz
|
||||
1527812461, // اتل - atul
|
||||
1527821649, // اثرناک - asarnáak
|
||||
1527818704, // ارت - arát
|
||||
1578340121962, // ازاد - azáad
|
||||
1527819418, // خپلواک - khpulwaak
|
||||
1527817146, // استوګن - astogan
|
||||
1527813713, // امیدوار - Umeedwaar
|
||||
1527819451, // انګرېز - angréz
|
||||
1527820346, // انلاین - anlaayn
|
||||
1527813667, // اهم - aham
|
||||
1598724912198, // اوچ - ooch
|
||||
1527815138, // اورپک - orpak
|
||||
1586452587974, // اوزګار - oozgáar
|
||||
1527816489, // ایماندار - eemaandaar
|
||||
1527820433, // باتور - baatóor
|
||||
1527813425, // بخیل - bakheel
|
||||
1527812511, // بد - bud, bad
|
||||
1527812518, // برابر - buraabur
|
||||
1527811861, // بربنډ - barbunD
|
||||
1527811511, // بشپړ - bushpuR
|
||||
1527812515, // بل - bul
|
||||
1527815725, // بلد - balad
|
||||
1577301753727, // بند - band
|
||||
1527812490, // بې کار - be kaar
|
||||
1527812031, // بېل - bel
|
||||
1527815144, // پاک - paak
|
||||
1527815201, // پټ - puT
|
||||
1527815179, // پلن - plun
|
||||
1527819059, // پنډ - punD
|
||||
1611767359178, // ترسناک - tarsnáak
|
||||
1527813270, // تروش - troosh
|
||||
1527813817, // تنګ - tang
|
||||
1527816354, // تیار - tayaar
|
||||
1527817056, // تېز - tez
|
||||
1527814076, // ټولنیز - Toluneez
|
||||
1527819864, // ټیټ - TeeT
|
||||
1527811894, // ټینګ - Teeng
|
||||
1527812943, // ثابت - saabit
|
||||
1527813085, // ثقیل - saqeel
|
||||
1527820479, // جاهل - jaahíl
|
||||
1588160800930, // جراح - jarráah
|
||||
1527812707, // جګ - jig, jug
|
||||
1527816944, // جوت - jawat
|
||||
1527822996, // جوخت - jokht
|
||||
1527812711, // جوړ - joR
|
||||
1527816323, // ځلاند - dzalaand
|
||||
1527812291, // ځوان - dzwaan
|
||||
1527820112, // ځوړند - dzwáRund
|
||||
1527819672, // چالاک - chaaláak
|
||||
1527811230, // چټک - chaTak
|
||||
1527812524, // چلان - chalaan
|
||||
1527815370, // څرګند - tsărgund
|
||||
1576366107077, // څک - tsak
|
||||
1527812113, // حاضر - haazir, haazur
|
||||
1527820699, // حامل - haamíl
|
||||
1527819824, // حریص - harées
|
||||
1527812669, // حساس - hasaas
|
||||
1527812057, // خام - khaam
|
||||
1527811523, // خاین - khaayin
|
||||
1527814219, // خپل - khpul
|
||||
1527812795, // خپلوان - khpulwaan
|
||||
1527812808, // خوار - khwaar
|
||||
1527814880, // دنګ - dung
|
||||
1527812537, // ډاډمن - DaaDmun
|
||||
1527812583, // ډک - Duk
|
||||
1527822674, // ډنګر - Dungár, Dangár
|
||||
1527817256, // ډوب - Doob
|
||||
1527814277, // روغ - rogh
|
||||
1609780006604, // زرخېز - zarkhéz
|
||||
1527817116, // زرغون - zarghoon
|
||||
1527814026, // زرین - zareen
|
||||
1567594312839, // زړه ور - zuRawár
|
||||
1527815848, // ژمن - jzman
|
||||
1527813498, // سپک - spuk
|
||||
1578329248464, // سپین - speen
|
||||
1527811860, // ستر - stur
|
||||
1527820178, // ستونزمن - stoonzmán
|
||||
1527815246, // سخت - sakht
|
||||
1527817262, // شنډ - shanD
|
||||
1527813426, // شوم - shoom
|
||||
1527812625, // غټ - ghuT, ghaT
|
||||
1527811846, // کامیاب - kaamyaab
|
||||
1527823678, // کاهل - kaahíl
|
||||
1527814896, // کبرجن - kaburjun
|
||||
1527813117, // کلک - klak, kluk
|
||||
1578769492475, // کم - kam
|
||||
1527814253, // ګډ وډ // TODO: FIX INFLECTION MACHINE FOR DOUBLES!
|
||||
1578769409512, // کمزور - kamzór
|
||||
1527812639, // ګران - graan
|
||||
1527816786, // ګرد - gurd
|
||||
1527814811, // ګرم - garm, garum
|
||||
1527817662, // ګرم - gram
|
||||
1527812308, // ګڼ - gaN
|
||||
1527813848, // لېوال - lewaal
|
||||
1527816011, // مات - maat
|
||||
1527812881, // ماشوم - maashoom
|
||||
1527817007, // مالوم - maaloom
|
||||
1527814321, // مثبت - mUsbat
|
||||
1527811264, // محکوم - mahkoom
|
||||
1527814802, // مردار - mUrdáar
|
||||
1527821812, // مغرور - maghróor
|
||||
1527820222, // ملاست - mlaast
|
||||
1527814344, // مهم - mUhím
|
||||
1527816033, // نادر - naadir
|
||||
1527815106, // ناست - naast
|
||||
1527815127, // نرس - nurs
|
||||
1527821673, // نمجن - namjún
|
||||
1527815130, // وچ - wuch, wUch
|
||||
1527817486, // وران - wraan
|
||||
1527814373, // ورک - wruk
|
||||
1527822838, // وروست - wrost
|
||||
1609949334478, // وریت - wreet
|
||||
1527811544, // ولاړ - waláaR, wuláaR
|
||||
1527815498, // یاد - yaad
|
||||
1527815434, // یخ - yakh, yukh
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1568926976497, // اکسرې - iksre
|
||||
1602179757779, // الف بې - alif be
|
||||
1527813840, // ایرې - eere
|
||||
1527816692, // اینکې - aynake
|
||||
1527819286, // پاشتقې - paashtáqe
|
||||
1527816299, // پیسې - peyse
|
||||
1527814529, // تروې - turwe
|
||||
1527816369, // تورسرې - torsăre
|
||||
1577408787088, // سپرې - spre
|
||||
1527822255, // سپېدې - spedé
|
||||
1626765107329, // شرې - sharé
|
||||
1527815008, // شودې - shoode
|
||||
1527822131, // شولې - shole
|
||||
1527815009, // شیدې - sheede
|
||||
1527823571, // ښیالمې - xyaalmé
|
||||
1527816530, // ښینې - xeene
|
||||
1527823567, // لاړې - laaRe
|
||||
1527822275, // لوښې - looxe
|
||||
1617443138210, // مچیازې - michyaaze, muchyaaze
|
||||
1527814420, // مستې - maste
|
||||
1577999538077, // هرې - hire
|
||||
1586551382412, // وریژې - wreejze
|
||||
1527820261, // یوې - yuwe
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527820771, // آباداني - aabaadaanee
|
||||
1527813939, // آزادي - aazaadee
|
||||
1527818402, // اتلولي - atalwalée
|
||||
1527814060, // اساني - asaanee
|
||||
1527821293, // امادګي - amaadagee
|
||||
1527820035, // باداري - baadaaree
|
||||
1527817732, // بدبختي - badbakhtee
|
||||
1588786872582, // بدنامي - badnaamee
|
||||
1573682378816, // بیماري - beemaaree
|
||||
1527816817, // پاکوالي - paakwaalee
|
||||
1586204619186, // پرهېزګاري - parhezgaaree
|
||||
1584444376984, // پلارواکي - plaarwaakee
|
||||
1527818744, // ترکاڼي - tarkaaNee
|
||||
1527815337, // تسلي - tasallee
|
||||
1527819521, // خوشالي - khoshaalee
|
||||
1527818037, // خوشبختي - khooshbakhtee
|
||||
1527815914, // خوشبیني - khooshbeenee
|
||||
1527811877, // دوستي - dostee
|
||||
1527818019, // دوکانداري - dookaandaaree
|
||||
1527822080, // دېموکراسي - demokraasee
|
||||
1527813462, // کیلي - keelee
|
||||
1527814492, // ګاوداري - gaawdaaree
|
||||
1610013679820, // ورورولي - wrorwalée
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527821971, // بن - bun
|
||||
1527816397, // ترور - tror
|
||||
1578704593901, // تندار - tandaar
|
||||
1527812785, // خور - khor
|
||||
1527812861, // لور - loor
|
||||
1527812928, // مور - mor
|
||||
1527812912, // مېرمن - mermán
|
||||
1527816476, // مېرېنۍ خور - merenuy khor
|
||||
1527823521, // نږور - nGor
|
||||
1527816350, // ورندار - wrundaar
|
||||
1527816485, // یور - yor
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527821817, // اکا - akáa
|
||||
1527816411, // بابا - baabaa
|
||||
1527819439, // باچا - baacháa
|
||||
1527823298, // باښه - baaxá
|
||||
1527817718, // بنده - bandá
|
||||
1527815031, // بندي - bandee
|
||||
1527815142, // پاچا - paachaa
|
||||
1527817280, // جذامي - jUzaamee
|
||||
1527814236, // چرسي - charsee
|
||||
1578618561154, // حاجي - haajee
|
||||
1527821193, // حامي - haamee
|
||||
1591711877815, // دوبي - dobée
|
||||
1527820139, // ربابي - rabaabee
|
||||
1619278755267, // ربړنه - rabaRúna
|
||||
1577066022588, // ساقي - saaqée
|
||||
1527822817, // سپاهي - sipaahee
|
||||
1527812975, // سلماني - salmaanee
|
||||
1527819414, // شاهزاده - shaahzaadá
|
||||
1527818084, // شرابي - sharaabee
|
||||
1527821950, // شهزاده - shahzaadá
|
||||
1588158828142, // ښکاري - xkaaree
|
||||
1527815206, // قاضي - qaazee
|
||||
1527818500, // قراردادي - qaraardaadee
|
||||
1527816446, // کاکا - kaakaa
|
||||
1595232159907, // ګدا - gadáa
|
||||
1527816512, // لالا - laalaa
|
||||
1527812878, // ماما - maamaa
|
||||
1610556640847, // مردمشماري - mărdamshUmaaree
|
||||
1527815484, // ملا - mUllaa
|
||||
1527821714, // موازي - mUwaazée
|
||||
1527816514, // موچي - mochee
|
||||
1527823093, // نبي - nabee
|
||||
1579041957559, // ندا - nadáa
|
||||
1527816253, // نواسه - nawaasa
|
||||
1527819971, // والي - waalée
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527818948, // اټسکی - aTúskey
|
||||
1573681135691, // اربکی - arbakéy
|
||||
1573659054031, // ارتوالی - artwaaley, aratwaaley
|
||||
1527811890, // ازغی - azghey
|
||||
1527817036, // استازی - astaazey
|
||||
1527816982, // استوګنځی - astogundzey
|
||||
1527818489, // اسوېلی - asweley
|
||||
1527822497, // اننګی - anangey
|
||||
1527821967, // اوبسپی - obspéy
|
||||
1527822190, // اور غالی - orgháaley
|
||||
1527821545, // اورشیندی - orsheendéy
|
||||
1527819192, // اورګاډی - orgáaDey
|
||||
1527815585, // اوړی - oRey
|
||||
1623044357441, // ببوتنکی - bubootúnkey
|
||||
1527821668, // بڅری - batsúrey
|
||||
1527821239, // بډوری - baDóorey
|
||||
1527821099, // برغوږی - barghwáGey
|
||||
1527822629, // برغولی - barghóley
|
||||
1527811903, // بری - barey
|
||||
1594904072731, // بنګړی - bangRéy
|
||||
1527817159, // بوټی - booTey
|
||||
1527815055, // بوږنوړی - boGnwaRey
|
||||
1610618917483, // پالنځی - paalundzéy
|
||||
1527814666, // پای ټکی - paayTakey
|
||||
1527816195, // پټکی - paTkey
|
||||
1527811611, // پټی - paTey
|
||||
1588762458105, // پخلنځی - pukhlandzéy
|
||||
1527816059, // پخلی - pakhley
|
||||
1527821241, // پرګی - purgéy
|
||||
1527813812, // پړونی - paRóoney
|
||||
1527822385, // پړی - púRey
|
||||
1527812980, // پس پسی - puspusey
|
||||
1527814005, // پسرلی - psarléy, pusărléy
|
||||
1527821229, // پښتورګی - paxtawurgey
|
||||
1527817035, // پلاوی - plaawey
|
||||
1527815187, // پوزی - pozey
|
||||
1527816627, // پوستکی - postukey
|
||||
1527819332, // پوښتورګی - pooxtawúrgey
|
||||
1527819496, // پوهاوی - pohaawéy
|
||||
1527815168, // پېټی - peTéy
|
||||
1527815927, // پېرونکی - peroonkey
|
||||
1527815017, // پېروی - perúwey, peráwey
|
||||
1527815325, // تاوتریخوالی - taawtreekhwaaley
|
||||
1611397750325, // تاوی - taawéy
|
||||
1622374978659, // تبرګی - tubúrgey
|
||||
1527818705, // تخرګی - tkhurgéy
|
||||
1527814392, // تړونی - taRooney
|
||||
1527822723, // تشی - túshey
|
||||
1577585114379, // تلی - táley
|
||||
1527816630, // تندی - tandey
|
||||
1527821980, // تڼی - taNéy
|
||||
1527819719, // توری - tórey
|
||||
1527819721, // توری - tórey
|
||||
1527819622, // توغندی - toghandéy
|
||||
1527814705, // توکی - tokey
|
||||
1527819563, // ټکری - TUkréy
|
||||
1577408381145, // ټکری - Tikréy
|
||||
1527814667, // ټکی - Tákey
|
||||
1527813617, // ټیکری - Teekréy
|
||||
1527819733, // ځلمی - dzalméy
|
||||
1527815465, // چارواکی - chaarwaakey
|
||||
1527822356, // چنجی - chinjéy
|
||||
1527822808, // چنی - chanéy
|
||||
1527822357, // چینجی - cheenjéy
|
||||
1527819046, // څاڅکی - tsáatskey
|
||||
1527817874, // څرنګوالی - tsurangwaaley
|
||||
1527814041, // څړمنی - tsaRmuney
|
||||
1573055311846, // خبرداری - khabardaarey
|
||||
1527820324, // خټکی - khaTakéy
|
||||
1527819828, // درناوی - dranaawey
|
||||
1588161660483, // ډانګوری - Daangooréy
|
||||
1527819732, // زلمی - zalméy
|
||||
1527813708, // زېری - zerey
|
||||
1588758498458, // زېړی - zeRéy
|
||||
1571626392709, // زېږنځی - zeGundzey
|
||||
1527815698, // ژمی - jzúmey
|
||||
1573686563723, // ژی - jzey
|
||||
1527815239, // ساتېری - saaterey
|
||||
1527813725, // ساری - sáarey
|
||||
1527814021, // سپرلی - sparléy
|
||||
1527813509, // سپکاوی - spukaawéy
|
||||
1527815298, // سپیناوی - speenaawey
|
||||
1578002674551, // سترغلی - sturghúley
|
||||
1527811999, // ستوری - storey
|
||||
1527817001, // ستونی - stóoney
|
||||
1527813511, // سرخوږی - sărkhwuGey
|
||||
1527815251, // سړی - saRéy
|
||||
1527819850, // سږی - súGey
|
||||
1527812302, // سوری - soorey
|
||||
1527818221, // سوی - swey
|
||||
1527812304, // سیوری - syórey, syóorey
|
||||
1527815268, // شی - shey
|
||||
1527822527, // ښتګری - xatgaréy
|
||||
1527812793, // ښوونځی - xowundzey
|
||||
1527821064, // ښویکی - xwayakéy
|
||||
1527822650, // غټوالی - ghaTwaaley
|
||||
1527814569, // غړی - ghuRey
|
||||
1527817627, // غشی - ghúshey
|
||||
1527822913, // غمی - ghaméy
|
||||
1527816181, // قی - qey
|
||||
1527814715, // کاروونکی - kaarawoonkey
|
||||
1527823295, // کاڼی - káaNey
|
||||
1527818563, // کبوړی - kabóoRey
|
||||
1527822824, // کتاب ګوټی - kitaabgóTey
|
||||
1582388629980, // کسی - kúsey
|
||||
1594906790729, // ککی - kakéy
|
||||
1527812836, // کلی - kuley, kiley
|
||||
1610616852625, // کنګرېزی - kangrezéy
|
||||
1527819196, // ګاډی - gaaDey
|
||||
1579016593220, // ګنی - ganéy
|
||||
1527819076, // ګوډاګی - gooDaagéy
|
||||
1527822505, // ګومبوری - goomboorey
|
||||
1527819079, // لاسپوڅی - laaspotséy
|
||||
1573149568665, // لاسرسی - laasraséy
|
||||
1527817464, // لرګی - largey
|
||||
1527822801, // لستوڼی - lastóNey
|
||||
1527814401, // لوبونی - lobawuney
|
||||
1527814519, // لوری - lorey
|
||||
1527823103, // لیدلوری - leedlorey
|
||||
1527819920, // ماشی - maashey
|
||||
1527820224, // مچوژی - muchwajzéy
|
||||
1527817770, // مړی - múRey
|
||||
1527813189, // منی - máney
|
||||
1527812421, // مېږی - meGey
|
||||
1527819227, // نشتوالی - nashtwaaley
|
||||
1527823577, // نیالګی - niyaalgey
|
||||
1527812073, // هډوکی - haDookey
|
||||
1527812668, // هرکلی - hărkáley
|
||||
1588153218244, // هسکوالی - haskwáaley
|
||||
1585309922022, // والګی - waalgéy
|
||||
1527821465, // ولی - wuléy
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527812822, // کوچنی
|
||||
1527822004, // آخرینی - aakhireenéy
|
||||
1591872915426, // افغانی - afghaanéy
|
||||
1612616237182, // پاکستانی - paakistaanéy
|
||||
1527813400, // اوسنی - oosanéy
|
||||
1527815661, // اولنی - awwalunéy
|
||||
1527812476, // بچی - bachéy
|
||||
1527816646, // بهرنی - baharanéy, bahranéy
|
||||
1527818769, // بېړنی - beRanéy
|
||||
1592382613021, // پخوانی - pakhwaanéy
|
||||
1527819532, // پردی - pradéy, prudéy
|
||||
1577381894391, // پرنګی - parangéy
|
||||
1527820194, // پلانکی - pulaankéy
|
||||
1527820130, // پلوی - palawéy
|
||||
1582390092514, // پورتنی - portinéy
|
||||
1610617741649, // ځنډنی - dzanDanéy, dzanDunéy
|
||||
1610793723568, // چېلی - cheléy
|
||||
1527819362, // خوسی - khooséy
|
||||
1590052667427, // درستی - drustéy, drastéy
|
||||
1527822854, // ړومبی - Roombéy
|
||||
1527820213, // زمری - zmaréy
|
||||
1527813923, // ژوندی - jzwundéy
|
||||
1527815299, // سپی - spéy
|
||||
1527820788, // ښارنی - xaaranéy
|
||||
1527812822, // کوچنی - koochnéy
|
||||
1527823742, // کوچی - kochéy
|
||||
1527818765, // ګړندی - guRandéy
|
||||
1527819130, // ګلالی - gUlaaléy
|
||||
1576101261017, // ګنګی - gangéy
|
||||
1582316583262, // لاندینی - laandeenéy
|
||||
1527816249, // لمسی - lmaséy
|
||||
1527813472, // لومړنی - loomRanéy
|
||||
1527813132, // لومړی - loomRéy
|
||||
1527819910, // متلی - mutléy
|
||||
1527820414, // منځنی - mandzunéy
|
||||
1527811202, // میاشتنی - miyaashtanéy
|
||||
1527819320, // نری - naréy
|
||||
1527816251, // نمسی - nmaséy
|
||||
1527821373, // هوسی - hoséy
|
||||
1527813636, // وروستی - wroostéy
|
||||
1527815430, // یوازنی - yawaazunéy
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527817036, // astáazey
|
||||
1582853867682, // اوسېدونکی
|
||||
1527813469, // بخښونکی
|
||||
1527817829, // پوروړی
|
||||
1527815205, // پیاوړی
|
||||
1527815924, // پېرودونکی
|
||||
1527819604, // ترینګلی
|
||||
1527813406, // تړلی
|
||||
1527815381, // تږی
|
||||
1527817607, // تور مخی
|
||||
1527822859, // څپولی
|
||||
1527811466, // څېړونکی
|
||||
1527812377, // حکم منونکی
|
||||
1527817299, // حیرانوونکی
|
||||
1527813282, // خرڅوونکی
|
||||
1527812809, // خوار ځواکی
|
||||
1591871233587, // خوږژبی
|
||||
1527814118, // دردوونکی
|
||||
1527820657, // درېیمګړی
|
||||
1527815713, // راتلونکی
|
||||
1527812142, // رښتنی
|
||||
1527812161, // رښتونی
|
||||
1527811507, // رښتینی
|
||||
1527813758, // زدکوونکی
|
||||
1577058349091, // زړه پوری
|
||||
1527817400, // زړه سواندی
|
||||
1527819587, // ژباړونکی
|
||||
1527814888, // ژغورونکی
|
||||
1527818109, // سپېڅلی
|
||||
1527811338, // سپین زړی
|
||||
1527815306, // ستړی
|
||||
1527822745, // سټکوری
|
||||
1527817442, // سخت زړی
|
||||
1527816932, // سرتېری
|
||||
1527820170, // سندرغاړی
|
||||
1527819964, // سوځېدونکی
|
||||
1527821951, // سوی
|
||||
1527812779, // ښکلی
|
||||
1527812806, // ښوونکی
|
||||
1527811350, // غلی
|
||||
1527819637, // کارکوونکی
|
||||
1527818613, // کمزوری
|
||||
1595516629483, // کڼوونکی
|
||||
1527820661, // مېنځګړی
|
||||
1527814047, // نوموړی
|
||||
1527813822, // نوی
|
||||
1586453720908, // هڅوونکی
|
||||
1588163180700, // هېښوونکی
|
||||
1527823715, // وړکوټی
|
||||
1527823714, // وړکی
|
||||
1527815403, // وړوکی
|
||||
1527813916, // وژونکی
|
||||
1527815424, // وږی
|
||||
1527823713, // ووړکی
|
||||
1527816455, // وېشلی
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527822049, // takRa
|
||||
1527812798, // khufa
|
||||
1527812792, // khoshaala
|
||||
1527812761, // xaaysta
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527815737, // استاذ
|
||||
1527816747,
|
||||
1527821744, // آشپز - aashpáz
|
||||
1527812156, // افسر - afsar
|
||||
1591872915426, // افغانی - afghaanéy
|
||||
1527815137, // اورپکی - orpakey
|
||||
1582853867682, // اوسېدونکی - osedóonkey
|
||||
1527812476, // بچی - bachéy
|
||||
1623044005072, // بلواګر - balwaagar
|
||||
1612616237182, // پاکستانی - paakistaanéy
|
||||
1527817965, // پالونکی - paaloonkey
|
||||
1527815197, // پښتون - puxtoon
|
||||
1527819228, // پلټونکی - pulaToonkey
|
||||
1527820130, // پلوی - palawéy
|
||||
1527815924, // پېرودونکی - perodoonkey
|
||||
1527816431, // ترورزی - trorzéy
|
||||
1527820820, // تعقیبوونکی - ta'qeebawóonkey
|
||||
1586270915475, // تي لرونکی - tee laroonkey
|
||||
1613563994424, // ټوقمار - Toqmaar
|
||||
1610793723568, // چېلی - cheléy
|
||||
1527811466, // څېړونکی - tseRoonkey
|
||||
1527812795, // خپلوان - khpulwaan
|
||||
1527812802, // خر - khur
|
||||
1527813282, // خرڅوونکی - khartsawóonkey
|
||||
1527819362, // خوسی - khooséy
|
||||
1527822535, // خیاط - khayáat
|
||||
1590052667427, // درستی - drustéy, drastéy
|
||||
1622873938137, // درغلګر - darghalgar
|
||||
1527820656, // دریمګړی - driyamgúRey
|
||||
1614081825855, // راهب - raahib
|
||||
1527813758, // زدکوونکی - zdakawóonkey
|
||||
1527819587, // ژباړونکی - jzbaaRoonkey
|
||||
1527815299, // سپی - spéy
|
||||
1610447830096, // سخی - skhey
|
||||
1527816932, // سرتېری - sărtérey
|
||||
1527811519, // سفیر - safeer
|
||||
1622366208373, // سکرتر - sakratár
|
||||
1527820170, // سندرغاړی - sandurgháaRey
|
||||
1566468540788, // سوی - sooy
|
||||
1527819801, // سیلانی - seylaanéy
|
||||
1575924767041, // شپون - shpoon
|
||||
1527815279, // شپونکی - shpoonkey
|
||||
1527819173, // شنونکی - shanóonkey
|
||||
1527812806, // ښووونکی - xowóonkey
|
||||
1527815436, // ظالم - zaalim
|
||||
1527818632, // غبرګونی - ghbargoney
|
||||
1527812624, // غل - ghul
|
||||
1613561408232, // قصوروار - qUsoorwáar
|
||||
1527814715, // کاروونکی - kaarawoonkey
|
||||
1527816256, // کړوسی - kaRwaséy
|
||||
1594906790729, // ککی - kakéy
|
||||
1527819244, // کوربه - korba
|
||||
1527812174, // ګاونډی - gaawanDéy
|
||||
1579030083953, // ګناه ګار - gUnaahgáar
|
||||
1527816249, // لمسی - lmaséy
|
||||
1527822661, // لوبغاړی - lobgháaRey
|
||||
1589885143650, // لومبړ - loombáR
|
||||
1527812043, // لیکوال - leekwaal
|
||||
1527820680, // لېونی - lewanéy
|
||||
1527812881, // ماشوم - maashoom
|
||||
1527814445, // مامور - maamóor
|
||||
1527818760, // مدني فاعل - madanee faa'al
|
||||
1527821523, // مریی - mrayéy
|
||||
1527814159, // ملګری - malgúrey
|
||||
1527820661, // مېنځګړی - mendzgúRey
|
||||
1527823403, // مینه وال - meenawáal
|
||||
1527815127, // نرس - nurs
|
||||
1527816254, // نوسی - nwaséy
|
||||
1527814806, // همځولی - hamdzoléy ??
|
||||
1527812684, // همکار - hamkaar
|
||||
1527811732, // هنر مند - hUnarmand
|
||||
1527821373, // هوسی - hoséy
|
||||
1591027046896, // وز - wuz
|
||||
1611395180139, // وطندار - watandáar
|
||||
1527811296, // وکیل - wakeel
|
||||
1527813585, // وګړی - wagúRey
|
||||
1527814672, // ویاند - wayaand
|
||||
1586454081484, // یتیم - yateem
|
||||
1527812461, // اتل - atal
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527816016, // پښټو
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527816778, // اوږد - ooGd, ooGud
|
||||
1527822706, // اوم - oom
|
||||
1527812802, // خر - khur
|
||||
1527813293, // سور - soor
|
||||
1527815265, // شین - sheen
|
||||
1527812624, // غل - ghul
|
||||
1527815087, // مړ - muR
|
||||
1527814151, // مل - mal
|
||||
1527813580, // یو - yo
|
||||
1527819902, // zeeG
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527819345, // پسه - psu
|
||||
1527822173, // جاړه - jaaRú
|
||||
1527813508, // زړه - zRu
|
||||
1588857967561, // غوایه - ghwaayú
|
||||
1527817108, // کاته - kaatu
|
||||
1527817768, // کارګه - kaargu
|
||||
1527818516, // لمبېده - lambedú
|
||||
1527813986, // لمر پرېواته - lmarprewaatu
|
||||
1527813992, // لمر لوېده - lmarlwedu
|
||||
1527813987, // لمرخاته - lmarkhaatu
|
||||
1527818255, // لېوه - lewú
|
||||
1527821522, // مریه - mrayú
|
||||
1527812911, // مېړه - meRu
|
||||
1527811626, // نکېده - nukedu
|
||||
1527816410, // نیکه - neekú
|
||||
1527822420, // واګه - waagu
|
||||
1527816357, // وراره - wraaru
|
||||
1527823225, // وله - wUlú
|
||||
1527814789, // وېښته - wextu
|
||||
1527815394, // واده - waadú
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
|
||||
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
|
||||
*
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527818017, // اټۍ - aTuy
|
||||
1527812694, // انجنۍ - injUnuy
|
||||
1527815140, // اونۍ - onuy, ownuy, owunuy
|
||||
1566476931206, // بتۍ - batúy
|
||||
1527822192, // بټۍ - baTúy
|
||||
1527820828, // بچۍ - bachúy
|
||||
1527822974, // بګۍ - bagúy
|
||||
1591805634565, // پوښتۍ - pooxtúy
|
||||
1586276322639, // ټوپۍ - Topuy
|
||||
1527820058, // ټوټکۍ - ToTakúy
|
||||
1527812564, // ډوډۍ - DoDuy
|
||||
1527821555, // ژۍ - jzuy
|
||||
1527814788, // سپوږمۍ - spoGmuy
|
||||
1527820120, // غونډۍ - ghwunDúy
|
||||
1527814203, // کرسۍ - kUrsuy
|
||||
1527812045, // کړکۍ - kuRkúy
|
||||
1527816026, // کړۍ - kaRuy
|
||||
1527813870, // کشتۍ - kishtúy
|
||||
1527821895, // ګوډۍ - gooDúy
|
||||
1527814564, // ګولۍ - golúy
|
||||
1527811763, // لکۍ - lakuy
|
||||
1527812659, // هګۍ - haguy
|
||||
1527821372, // هوسۍ - hosúy
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
|
|||
module.exports = [
|
||||
1527815154, // پای - paay
|
||||
1527812594, // ځای - dzaay
|
||||
1527812525, // چای - chaay
|
||||
1527812783, // خدای - khUdaay
|
||||
1527819514, // دای - daay
|
||||
1610797797756, // سای - saay
|
||||
1527822345, // سرای - saráay
|
||||
1586598425514, // بوی - booy
|
||||
1527814511, // خوی - khooy
|
||||
1566468540788, // سوی - sooy
|
||||
];
|
||||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue