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pashto-grammar
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migrate to vite

This commit is contained in:
adueck 2023-02-04 17:20:48 +05:00
parent 450980d982
commit 1c1fb54a36
114 changed files with 6928 additions and 16811 deletions
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41
.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
# See https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/ for more about ignoring files.
/src/words/raw-words.ts
# dependencies
/node_modules
/.pnp
.pnp.js
# testing
/coverage
# production
/build
# misc
.DS_Store
.env.local
.env.development.local
.env.test.local
.env.production.local
# Logs
logs
*.log
npm-debug.log*
yarn-debug.log*
yarn-error.log*
pnpm-debug.log*
lerna-debug.log*
node_modules
dist
dist-ssr
*.local
# Editor directories and files
.vscode/*
!.vscode/extensions.json
.idea
.DS_Store
*.suo
*.ntvs*
*.njsproj
*.sln
*.sw?

22
public/index.html → index.html
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon.ico" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
<meta
@ -10,19 +10,19 @@
content="A Pashto grammar reference with interactive examples and quizzes"
/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#1965bd" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" />
<link rel="mask-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#1965bd">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/icons/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/icons/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/icons/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" />
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#1965bd">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c">
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/mstile-144x144.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/icons/mstile-144x144.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="LingDocs Pashto Grammar"/>
<meta property="og:title" content="LingDocs Pashto Grammar">
<meta property="og:description" content="A Pashto grammar reference with interactive examples and quizzes. Includes clear and simple explanations of past tense, ergativity, and inflection. Interactive examples and games encourage mastery of the grammar concepts.">
<meta property="og:image" content="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://grammar.lingdocs.com/">
<meta property="og:author" content="lingdocs.com">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
<meta name="twitter:title" content="LingDocs Pashto Grammar" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@lingdocs" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="A Pashto grammar reference with interactive examples and quizzes">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="%PUBLIC_URL%/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="/icons/android-chrome-512x512.png">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<title>LingDocs Pashto Grammar</title>
</head>
<body>
<noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
<div id="root"></div>
<script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
</body>
</html>

4
netlify.toml
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
[build]
command = "node scripts/get-words.js && yarn build"
publish = "build/"
command = "yarn build"
publish = "dist/"

5
notes
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
adjectives can be used like nouns
وبخښه، ته **استرحات** وې
زه **عادت** یم

125
package.json
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@ -1,81 +1,66 @@
{
"name": "lingdocs-grammar",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"name": "lingdocs-pashto-grammar",
"version": "0.0.0",
"homepage": "https://grammar.lingdocs.com",
"dependencies": {
"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.1",
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "^5.15.4",
"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3",
"@lingdocs/ps-react": "^5.5.1",
"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.11.4",
"@testing-library/react": "^11.1.0",
"@testing-library/user-event": "^12.1.10",
"@types/cron": "^1.7.3",
"@types/react-router-dom": "^5.3.1",
"algoliasearch": "^4.14.1",
"bootstrap": "4.5.3",
"classnames": "^2.3.1",
"cron": "^1.8.2",
"fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
"froebel": "^0.21.3",
"lokijs": "^1.5.12",
"markdown-to-jsx": "^7.1.3",
"react": "^17.0.2",
"react-bootstrap": "^1.6.4",
"react-countdown-circle-timer": "^3.0.9",
"react-dom": "^17.0.2",
"react-ga": "^3.3.0",
"react-instantsearch-dom": "^6.30.2",
"react-media": "^1.10.0",
"react-player": "^2.10.1",
"react-rewards": "^1.1.2",
"react-router-dom": "^5.3.0",
"react-router-hash-link": "^2.4.3",
"react-scripts": "4.0.3",
"react-scrollspy": "^3.4.3",
"react-select": "^5.1.0",
"react-smooth-collapse": "^2.1.0",
"react-swipeable": "^6.2.0",
"unist-util-visit": "^4.1.0",
"web-vitals": "^1.0.1"
},
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"dev": "vite",
"dev-w-user": "REACT_APP_ENV=dev vite",
"build": "yarn get-words && tsc && vite build",
"preview": "vite preview",
"infup": "yarn upgrade @lingdocs/ps-react --latest",
"bump-dep": "yarn install && git add . && git commit -m up && git push origin master",
"start": "react-scripts start",
"start-w-user": "REACT_APP_ENV=dev react-scripts start",
"build": "react-scripts build",
"test": "react-scripts test",
"eject": "react-scripts eject",
"get-words": "node scripts/get-words.js"
},
"eslintConfig": {
"extends": [
"react-app",
"react-app/jest"
]
},
"browserslist": {
"production": [
">0.2%",
"not dead",
"not op_mini all"
],
"development": [
"last 1 chrome version",
"last 1 firefox version",
"last 1 safari version"
]
"dependencies": {
"@formkit/auto-animate": "^1.0.0-beta.6",
"@fortawesome/fontawesome-free": "5.15.4",
"@lingdocs/lingdocs-main": "^0.3.3",
"@lingdocs/ps-react": "^5.7.13",
"@mdx-js/rollup": "^2.2.1",
"@stefanprobst/rehype-extract-toc": "^2.2.0",
"@types/mdx": "^2.0.3",
"bootstrap": "4.5.3",
"classnames": "^2.3.2",
"cron": "^2.2.0",
"fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
"froebel": "^0.23.2",
"lokijs": "^1.5.12",
"markdown-to-jsx": "^7.1.9",
"react": "^18.2.0",
"react-bootstrap": "1.6.4",
"react-countdown-circle-timer": "3.0.9",
"react-dom": "^18.2.0",
"react-ga": "3.3.0",
"react-media": "1",
"react-player": "2.10.1",
"react-rewards": "1.1.2",
"react-router-dom": "6.8.0",
"react-router-hash-link": "2.4.3",
"react-scrollspy": "^3.4.3",
"react-select": "5.1.0",
"react-smooth-collapse": "^2.1.2",
"rehype-autolink-headings": "^6.1.1",
"rehype-slug": "^5.1.0",
"remark-frontmatter": "^4.0.1",
"remark-gfm": "^3.0.1",
"remark-mdx-frontmatter": "^2.1.1"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@lingdocs/mdx-loader": "^0.1.6",
"@types/jest": "^27.0.2",
"@types/node": "^16.10.3",
"@types/react": "^17.0.27",
"@types/react-dom": "^17.0.9",
"babel-loader": "8.1.0",
"node-fetch": "^2.6.1",
"typescript": "^4.4.3"
"@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.5",
"@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
"@testing-library/user-event": "^14.4.3",
"@types/cron": "^2.0.0",
"@types/react": "^18.0.26",
"@types/react-dom": "^18.0.9",
"@types/react-router-dom": "^5.3.3",
"@types/react-router-hash-link": "^2.4.5",
"@types/react-scrollspy": "^3.3.5",
"@types/react-swipeable": "^5.2.0",
"@vitejs/plugin-react": "^3.0.0",
"node-fetch": "2.6.1",
"typescript": "^4.9.3",
"vite": "^4.0.0",
"vite-plugin-pwa": "^0.14.1"
}
}

55
public/manifest.json
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@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
{
"short_name": "Pashto Grammar",
"name": "LingDocs Pashto Grammar",
"icons": [
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-36x36.png",
"sizes": "36x36",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-48x48.png",
"sizes": "48x48",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-72x72.png",
"sizes": "72x72",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-96x96.png",
"sizes": "96x96",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-144x144.png",
"sizes": "144x144",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-192x192.png",
"sizes": "192x192",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-256x256.png",
"sizes": "256x256",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-384x384.png",
"sizes": "384x384",
"type": "image/png"
},
{
"src": "icons/android-chrome-512x512.png",
"sizes": "512x512",
"type": "image/png"
}
],
"start_url": "./table-of-contents",
"display": "minimal-ui",
"theme_color": "#DEE1E6",
"background_color": "#ffffff"
}

33
scripts/get-words.js
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@ -1,30 +1,13 @@
const fs = require("fs");
const fetch = require("node-fetch");
const path = require("path");
const wordsPath = path.join(".", "src", "words");
const wordsFile = "raw-words.ts";
import fs from "fs";
import fetch from "node-fetch";
const verbCollectionPath = path.join(wordsPath, "verb-categories");
const nounAdjCollectionPath = path.join(wordsPath, "noun-adj-categories");
const adverbCollectionPath = path.join(wordsPath, "adverbs");
import nounAdjTs from "../src/words/nouns-adjs.js";
import verbs from "../src/words/verbs.js";
import adverbs from "../src/words/adverbs.js";
const verbTsFiles = fs.readdirSync(verbCollectionPath);
const nounAdjTsFiles = fs.readdirSync(nounAdjCollectionPath);
const adverbTsFiles = fs.readdirSync(adverbCollectionPath);
const wordsFile = "./src/words/raw-words.ts";
const allVerbTsS = verbTsFiles.flatMap(fileName => [
...require(path.join("..", verbCollectionPath, fileName))
]).filter((v, i, a) => a.findIndex(x => x === v) === i);
const allNounAdjTsS = nounAdjTsFiles.flatMap(fileName => [
...require(path.join("..", nounAdjCollectionPath, fileName))
]).filter((v, i, a) => a.findIndex(x => x === v) === i);
const allAdverbTsS = adverbTsFiles.flatMap(fileName => [
...require(path.join("..", adverbCollectionPath, fileName))
]).filter((v, i, a) => a.findIndex(x => x === v) === i);
const allTs = [...allVerbTsS, ...allAdverbTsS, ...allNounAdjTsS];
const allTs = [...nounAdjTs, ...verbs, ...adverbs];
console.log("getting words from dictionary...");
fetch("https://account.lingdocs.com/dictionary/entries", {
@ -38,7 +21,7 @@ fetch("https://account.lingdocs.com/dictionary/entries", {
// @ts-ignore
const words: Word[] = ${JSON.stringify(data.results)};
export default words;`;
fs.writeFileSync(path.join(wordsPath, wordsFile), content);
fs.writeFileSync(wordsFile, content);
const missingEc = data.results.filter(x => "entry" in x && !x.entry.ec);
if (missingEc.length) {
console.log("verbs missing ec");

57
src/App.tsx
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
*/
import { useState } from "react";
import { Route, withRouter, Switch, RouteComponentProps } from "react-router-dom";
import { Route, Routes, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import "./App.css";
import Page404 from "./pages/404";
import Chapter from "./components/Chapter";
@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ if (isProd) {
ReactGA.set({ anonymizeIp: true });
}
function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
function App(props: any) {
const [navOpen, setNavOpen] = useState(false);
const navigate = useNavigate();
const { user } = useUser();
function logAnalytics() {
if (isProd && !(user?.admin)) {
@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
}
useEffect(() => {
logAnalytics();
if (props.location.pathname === "/") {
if (window.location.pathname === "/") {
if (localStorage.getItem("visitedOnce")) {
props.history.replace("/table-of-contents");
navigate("/table-of-contents", { replace: true })
} else {
localStorage.setItem("visitedOnce", "true");
}
@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
window.scroll(0, 0);
logAnalytics();
// eslint-disable-next-line
}, [props.location.pathname]);
}, [window.location.pathname]);
return (
<>
<Header setNavOpen={setNavOpen} />
@ -67,32 +68,38 @@ function App(props: RouteComponentProps) {
content={content}
navOpen={navOpen}
setNavOpen={setNavOpen}
pathname={props.location.pathname}
pathname={window.location.pathname}
/>
<Routes>
<Route
path="/"
element={<LandingPage />}
/>
<Route
path="/privacy"
element={<PrivacyPolicy />}
/>
<Route
path="/table-of-contents"
element={<TableOfContentsPage />}
/>
<Switch>
<Route path="/" exact>
<LandingPage />
</Route>
<Route path="/privacy" exact>
<PrivacyPolicy />
</Route>
<Route path="/table-of-contents" exact>
<TableOfContentsPage />
</Route>
{chapters.map((chapter: any) => (
<Route key={chapter.path} path={chapter.path}>
<Chapter>{chapter}</Chapter>
</Route>
<Route
key={chapter.path}
path={chapter.path}
element={<Chapter>{chapter}</Chapter>}
/>
))}
<Route path="/account" exact>
<AccountPage />
</Route>
<Route component={Page404} />
</Switch>
<Route
path="/account"
element={<AccountPage />}
/>
<Route path="*" element={<Page404 />} />
</Routes>
</div>
</div>
</>
);
}
export default withRouter(App);
export default App;

0
src/components/Chapter.js → src/components/Chapter.jsx
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0
src/components/EquativeFormChoice.js → src/components/EquativeFormChoice.jsx
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0
src/components/Footer.js → src/components/Footer.jsx
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0
src/components/GenderTable.js → src/components/GenderTable.jsx
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0
src/components/Header.js → src/components/Header.jsx
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0
src/components/InlineInflectionButton.js → src/components/InlineInflectionButton.jsx
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8
src/components/Link.js → src/components/Link.tsx
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@ -8,9 +8,15 @@
import { HashLink } from 'react-router-hash-link';
import { Link } from "react-router-dom";
import type { CSSProperties } from 'react';
// import scrollWithOffset from "../../lib/scroll-with-offset.js";
export default function L(props) {
export default function L(props: {
to: string,
style?: CSSProperties,
children: string | JSX.Element,
className?: string,
}) {
const { to } = props || "";
const toA = (to.includes("#") && to.split("#")[0] === window.location.pathname)
? ("#" + to.split("#")[1])

0
src/components/Sidebar.js → src/components/Sidebar.jsx
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0
src/components/Table.js → src/components/Table.jsx
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16
src/components/TableOfContents.jsx → src/components/TableOfContents.tsx
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@ -9,22 +9,22 @@
import { NavHashLink } from 'react-router-hash-link';
import Scrollspy from 'react-scrollspy';
function TableOfContents({ tableOfContents }) {
function TableOfContents({ tableOfContents }: { tableOfContents: TableOfContents }) {
return (
<nav className="table-of-contents col-3 col-xl-4 text-muted mx-3 my-3">
<Scrollspy items={tableOfContents.map(x => x.id)} currentClassName="is-current">
{tableOfContents.map(item => {
if (item.level === 2) return (
<div key={item.title} className="table-of-contents-item">
if (item.depth === 2) return (
<div key={item.id} className="table-of-contents-item">
<div className="link-unstyled pb-2">
<NavHashLink smooth to={`#${item.id}`}>{item.title}</NavHashLink>
<NavHashLink smooth to={`#${item.id}`}>{item.value}</NavHashLink>
</div>
{item.children.map(child => {
if (child.level === 3) return (
<div className="link-unstyled ml-2 pb-1" key={child.title}>
{item.children?.map(child => {
if (child.depth === 3) return (
<div className="link-unstyled ml-2 pb-1" key={child.id}>
<small>
<NavHashLink smooth to={`#${child.id}`}>
{child.title}
{child.value}
</NavHashLink>
</small>
</div>

0
src/components/formula/Formula.js → src/components/formula/Formula.jsx
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72
src/content/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx
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@ -62,53 +62,71 @@ Most of the time you will see dynamic compounds that are *transitive*. And the g
Then when we use this in a phrase we see that **the noun in the compound functions as the object of the phrase**.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8044672663678827,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10318373385739488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812732,"i":9892,"p":"کار کول","f":"kaar kawul","g":"kaarkawul","e":"to work","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527822084,"ec":"work"},"complement":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
There's no strange welding or squishing or any of that business that we saw with stative compounds. All we have is a block for the object that is included in the compound, and helper verb.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8044672663678827,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10318373385739488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812732,"i":9892,"p":"کار کول","f":"kaar kawul","g":"kaarkawul","e":"to work","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527822084,"ec":"work"},"complement":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9890,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
And now we see that <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to do" }} /> takes an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo", e: "" }} /> prefix, just like normal verbs. So whenever you see <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul" }} /> with an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo", e: "" }} /> prefix, you know it's a dynamic compound, and not stative.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Remember that with these compounds the **object is always the noun that comes in the compound**, so with the past tense the verb will always agree with this object. (In past tense transitive verbs, <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#3-with-past-tense-transitive-verbs-">the object is king</Link> <KingIcon />)
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5608245556287987,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47307113655502064,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817312,"i":2783,"p":"پوښتنه کول","f":"poxtuna kawul","g":"poxtunakawul","e":"to ask","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527815184,"ec":"ask"},"complement":{"ts":1527815184,"i":2782,"p":"پوښتنه","f":"poxtuna","g":"poxtuna","e":"question","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Using other helper verbs
There are a lot of dynamic compounds that use help verbs like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وهل", f: "wahúl", e: "to hit" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خوړل", f: "khoRúl", e: "to eat" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ساتل", f: "saatúl", e: "" }} /> and a bunch of others.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2282887799187998,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.09221260732991587,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812939,"i":12830,"p":"منډې وهل","f":"munDe wahul","g":"munDewahul","e":"to run","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans. sing. or plur.","l":1527815805,"ec":"run,runs,running,ran,run"},"complement":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","i":12183,"tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
That's literally, "We're hitting (verb) runs (object)"
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2282887799187998,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.09221260732991587,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812939,"i":12830,"p":"منډې وهل","f":"munDe wahul","g":"munDewahul","e":"to run","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans. sing. or plur.","l":1527815805,"ec":"run,runs,running,ran,run"},"complement":{"ts":1527815805,"i":12827,"p":"منډه","f":"múnDa","g":"munDa","e":"run, running","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","i":12183,"tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.12190484642898336,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4307469889296207,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819087,"i":11684,"p":"ماته","f":"maata","g":"maata","e":"defeat","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527819089,"i":11685,"p":"ماته خوړل","f":"maata khoRul","g":"maatakhoRul","e":"to be defeated, beaten by someone","c":"v. dyn. comp. trans.","l":1527819087,"ec":"be","ep":"defeated"},"complement":{"ts":1527819087,"i":11684,"p":"ماته","f":"maata","g":"maata","e":"defeat","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","i":4769,"psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Or literally, they ate (verb) defeat. (object)
@ -120,25 +138,29 @@ Well we have to attach the object to the phrase either as a possesor to the noun
For instance if we want to say "I will serve *the people*" we have to say something like "I will do service *of the people*"
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه به **د خلکو خدمت** کوم",
f: "zu ba **du khalko khidmat** kawum",
e: "I will serve the people",
sub: "lit. I will do the service (object) of the people",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
If we want to use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پوښتڼه کول", f: "poxtuna kawul", e: "to ask" }} /> say "I asked <em>you</em>", well we already have <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پوښټنه", f: "poxtuna", e: "" }} /> as the object, so we have to say "I did a question (object) *from you* (sandwich)."
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "ما **تا نه** پوښتنه وکړه",
f: "maa **taa na** poxtuna óokRa",
e: "I asked you",
sub: "lit. I did a question (object) **from you**",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## Intransitive Dynamic Compounds
@ -146,7 +168,8 @@ If a dynamic compound was made with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f:
For example:
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما کار وکړ",
f: "maa kaar óokuR",
@ -171,5 +194,6 @@ For example:
e: "Questions are being asked",
sub: "Intransitive - with کېدل (to happen)",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>

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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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width="177.5735mm"
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<g transform="translate(.80819 -81.021)">
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@ -65,29 +65,41 @@ We use this verb when we're talking about an action/event **happening**. Notice
Here are some example phrases uses this verb. Try to identify the which roots/stems the examples use and figure out the tense. You can click on the <EditIcon /> to see the tense and what formula was used. Try playing around with these phrases, and watch how they work with the blocks.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7004599909397782,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815166,"i":2937,"p":"پېښه","f":"péxa","g":"pexa","e":"event, occurance, happeing, case","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9564388674146864,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8938126585721999,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812907,"i":13121,"p":"مېله","f":"mela","g":"mela","e":"picnic, feast, celebration","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.3685906255385354,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812754,"i":10696,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to happen, occur","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"وش","ssf":"óosh","prp":"وشول","prf":"óoshwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"happen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />:
@ -106,9 +118,11 @@ Here's another verb that looks exactly the same at first, but we'll soon find ou
And this verb has a completely different meaning as well. We're not talking about something happening, **we're talking about something *becoming* \_\_\_\_**. The subject is changed into a state of being \_\_\_\_. And that \_\_\_\_ is what we'll call a **complement**. For example, in the phrase:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812798,"i":5645,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
We have:
@ -117,37 +131,49 @@ We have:
So with this verb we add a <Complement /> - something that the subject is *becoming*.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5826,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice how the **if the <Complement /> is an adjective in will inflect according to the subject**.
Also notice how the complement actually gets <Link to="/compound-verbs/stative-compounds/#welding-">welded together</Link> with the verb when we're not using the perfective <Camera />. Check out the blocks <BlocksIcon />.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
When we get start using the perfective aspect <Camera /> of this verb, we notice that it starts looking really different from <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice how now there's no <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo" }} /> prefix! Instead the complement stays seperate from the verb and fills in an holds the same place as a <PerfectiveHead /> would in a different verb. Have a look at the blocks <BlocksIcon />.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8034429811171007,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.19673719282869384,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10697,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} />
@ -173,33 +199,47 @@ The verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do" }} />
Like its brother <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />, this verb also has an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo", e: "" }} /> prefix as a <PerfectiveHead />.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="short">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="short">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9944733199260127,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9445085317003405,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9886,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812752,"i":10630,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true,"ec":"do,does,doing,did,done"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to happen" }} />:
@ -239,41 +279,57 @@ Like its brother <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to
- with the perfective <Camera />
- keep the <Complement />separate, sitting as a <PerfectiveHead /> in front of the verb
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice how **if the <Complement /> is an adjective it will inflect according the object**.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice how with the imperfective/past participle the <Complement />is welded together with the verb, but with the perfective it's separate.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.049217458592629715,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7895952701078488,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10631,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made","ep":"_____"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7598,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
To summarize about this verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to make" }} />:

66
src/content/compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx
View File

@ -67,13 +67,17 @@ So we are talking about making an object ironed.
In the past tense, the verb will always agree with the object that's being ironed (the <KingIcon /> of the phrase).
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815718,"i":10413,"p":"کمیس","f":"kamees","g":"kamees","e":"shirt, undershirt, slip, kameez","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
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Also we notice that since we are using <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to make" }} /> as the helper verb, there is no <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo", e: "" }} /> prefix.
@ -104,29 +108,35 @@ Now instead of talking about making something ironed (stative), we are talking a
},
]} />
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8393288429274519,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.4708124056055294,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"dynamicComplement":true}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658796089458,"i":507,"p":"استري کول","f":"istree kawul","g":"istreekawul","e":"to iron (clothes etc.)","c":"v. dyn./stat. comp. trans.","l":1658795458148,"ec":"iron"},"complement":{"ts":1658795458148,"i":506,"p":"استري","f":"istree","g":"istree","e":"iron (for ironing clothes)","c":"n. f."}},"dynAuxVerb":{"entry":{"i":10058,"ts":1527812752,"g":"","p":"کول","f":"kawul","e":"to do (an action or activity)","c":"v. trans. irreg. dyn. aux.","ssp":"وکړ","ssf":"óokR","prp":"وکړل","prf":"óokRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","diacExcept":true}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"dynamic","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":true},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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Now the object of the phrase is <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} />, so in the past tense, the verb will <em>always</em> agree with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} />. Even if you add a possesor to <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} /> <Link to="/compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds/#attaching-other-actors">to say what she was ironing</Link>, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استري", f: "istree", e: "iron" }} /> is <em>still</em> the object.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغې **د کمیس استري** وکړه",
f: "haghé **du kamees istree** óokRa",
e: "She ironed the shirt",
sub: "lit. She did the **ironing of the shirt**."
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغې **د کمیسونه استري** وکړه",
f: "haghé **du kameesoona istree** óokRa",
e: "She ironed the shirt",
sub: "lit. She did the **ironing of the shirts**."
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Other examples
@ -134,13 +144,15 @@ Another compound that can be used as either stative or dynamic is <InlinePs opts
##### As stative:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغه **درې کسان** قتل کړل",
f: "haghú **dre kesaan** qatul kRul",
e: "He murdered **three people**",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
In this example:
@ -151,14 +163,16 @@ In this example:
#### As dynamic
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغه **د درې کسان قتل** وکړ",
f: "haghú **du dre kesaano qatul** óokuR",
e: "He murdered three people",
sub: "lit. He did **the murder of three people**",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
In this example:
@ -186,44 +200,52 @@ That means that these can be used as stative compounds, but **with an unspoken c
So with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "چیغه کول", f: "cheegha kawul", e: "to scream" }} /> you could say:
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "هغې چیغه وکړه",
f: "haghé chéegha óokRa",
e: "She screamed",
sub: "DYNAMIC - lit. she did a scream"
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
or
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "هغې چیغه کړه",
f: "haghé chéegha kRa",
e: "She screamed",
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. she made a scream existing (she let out/created a scream)"
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
You might also hear something like,
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما منډه کړه",
f: "maa múnDa kRa",
e: "I ran",
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. I made a run existing (I let out/created a run)",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
And these can work the the intransitive versions as well
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "چیغه شوه",
f: "chéegha shwa",
e: "A scream was let out",
sub: "GENERATIVE STATIVE - lit. A scream became existing",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>

120
src/content/compound-verbs/stative-compounds.mdx
View File

@ -48,13 +48,17 @@ For example, the compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی کېدل", f:
We use this verb to describe a **subject** changing into a new state described by the <Complement />. So here we have "him" changing into / becoming "tired."
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
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{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.32458466385023566,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.02209534971051208,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
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</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.32458466385023566,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.02209534971051208,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033069786,"i":7602,"p":"ستړی کېدل","f":"stuRey kedul","g":"stuReykedul","e":"to get tired, fatigued","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"get","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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Go ahead and edit <EditIcon /> the examples above. Notice how the inflection of the complement changes depending on what the *subject* is.
@ -74,13 +78,17 @@ For example, the compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی کېدل", f:
We use this verb to describe a **subject** that does something to change an **object** into a new state described by the <Complement />. So here we have "I" (subject) making "him" (object) "tired." (complement)
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9251654828746088,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.22651100938791546,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033078746,"i":7601,"p":"ستړی کول","f":"stuRey kawul","g":"stuReykawul","e":"to make tired, wear out","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"make","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9251654828746088,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.22651100938791546,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1591033078746,"i":7601,"p":"ستړی کول","f":"stuRey kawul","g":"stuReykawul","e":"to make tired, wear out","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1527815306,"ec":"make","ep":"tired"},"complement":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
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Go ahead and edit <EditIcon /> the examples above. Notice how the inflection of the complement changes depending on what the *object* is.
@ -118,50 +126,64 @@ That means that even though it looks like there might be two separate words, the
For example, we have an accent on the first part of the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "" }} /> but if we weld it together with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} /> the complement loses its accent.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
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</EditableVPEx>
Notice you'll never hear a Pashtun say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "❌ زه ستړی کېږم ❌", f: "❌ zu stúRey kéGum ❌" }} />! When it's welded together with the verb, the consonant loses it's accent and just rolls along into the verb which carries the accent.
Remember that the welding does not happen in the perfective aspect <Camera />. If we say something in the perfective aspect <Camera />, then the complement splits out and it gets its accent back.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
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Also, when the complement and verb are welded together, even though there might be a space and they *look* like two words on paper, you can never, ever put anything between them. For example, if you add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> to the phrase it has to go in front of the welded complement/verb block.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
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Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیونی کېږم", f: "lewaney kéGum" }} /> has been welded into one block. Have a look at the blocks <BlocksIcon /> and see.
So you *cannot* put the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> in the middle of the block and say,
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "❌ زه به لېونی نه کېږم ❌", f: "❌ zu ba lewaney nú kéGum ❌" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
because <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیونی کېږم", f: "lewaney kéGum" }} /> has been welded into one block, and nothing can go in-between those two words.
The same thing goes for the perfect/past participle forms.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
But when we use the *perfective* aspect <Camera /> then the complement stays separate, and just sits in front of the verb like a <PerfectiveHead /> would.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7483472617346707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.07721876881104794,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1658537932357,"i":11670,"p":"لېونی کېدل","f":"lewaney kedul","g":"lewaneykedul","e":"to go crazy, to go mad, to go insane","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527820680,"ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"crazy"},"complement":{"ts":1527820680,"i":11668,"p":"لېونی","f":"lewanéy","g":"lewaney","e":"crazy, insane, mad person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex / adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Now we can't say
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "❌ زه به نه لیونی شم ❌", f: "❌ zu ba nú lewaney shum ❌" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
because the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> goes in front of the verb block, which is separate from the complement.
@ -184,29 +206,39 @@ For example:
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډک", f: "Duk", e: "full" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېدل", f: "kedúl", e: "to become" }} /> = <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډکېدل", f: "Dukedúl", e: "to be filled" }} />
- <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډک", f: "Duk", e: "full" }} /> + <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to make" }} /> = <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ډکول", f: "Dukawúl", e: "to fill" }} />
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Because the <Complement /> is squished together with the helper verb **it can't inflect** to match the subject/object <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دروازه", f: "darwaaza", e: "door - f." }} /> that's changing.
But when we stop using the imperfective roots/stems the squishing stops, and we need to inflect the complement if it's an adjective.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5224750093174901,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.27229739847476364,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527811425,"i":6125,"p":"دروازه","f":"darwaaza","g":"darwaaza","e":"door","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527821309,"i":1740,"p":"بندول","f":"bandawul","g":"bandawul","e":"to close, block, stop, barricade, cut off, restrain, hold back","c":"v. stat. comp. trans.","l":1577301753727,"ec":"close"},"complement":{"ts":1577301753727,"i":1728,"p":"بند","f":"band","g":"band","e":"closed, blocked, stopped","c":"adj."}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
#### With #4 "Pashtoon" pattern nouns/adjectives
@ -219,21 +251,29 @@ When a complement is a noun/adjective in the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-pa
Again with the imperfective roots/stems you won't be able to inflect the complement because it's been squished together with the complement, but in other cases you will need to inflect the complement if it's an adjective.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9326674075253254,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527820648,"i":794,"p":"الو","f":"aloo","g":"aloo","e":"potato","c":"n. m.","ppp":"الوګان","ppf":"aloogáan"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.8555588472544122,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581906176268,"i":2297,"p":"پخېدل","f":"pakhedul","g":"pakhedul","e":"to be cooked, prepared, ripened, matured","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1574867531681,"ec":"cook"},"complement":{"ts":1574867531681,"i":2739,"p":"پوخ","f":"pokh","g":"pokh","e":"cooked, mature, ripe, ready, able, skillful, experienced, tried, tested, true","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"پاخه","infaf":"paakhu","infbp":"پخ","infbf":"pakh"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
To review:

2
src/content/compound-verbs/welding.svg
View File

@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
<svg
width="121.5mm"
height="82.268mm"

Side by Side Swipe Overlay

Before

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 64 KiB

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 64 KiB

56
src/content/equatives/WithTailChoice.tsx Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
import {
Types as T,
concatPsString,
ButtonSelect,
InlinePs,
grammarUnits,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import { useState } from "react";
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
function WithTailChoice({ opts, ba }: { opts: T.TextOptions, ba: boolean }) {
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("aay");
const waay = concatPsString(
{p: "و", f: "w"},
choice === "aay" ? { p: "ای", f: "aay" } : { p: "ی", f: "ey" },
);
return (
<div>
<div className="text-center my-3">
<div className="text-muted mb-1">
<small>The spelling/pronunciation of the non-inflecting tail can vary based on dialect</small>
</div>
<ButtonSelect
options={[
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ای", f: "aay" }} />, value: "aay" },
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} />, value: "ey" },
]}
value={choice}
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
/>
</div>
<EquativeFormChoice
forms={{
sentence: !ba ? {
displayForm: concatPsString(
{ p: "کاشکې ... ...", f: "kaashke ... ..."}, " ",
waay, { p: "!", f: "!" },
),
english: [[["If only ... was/were ...!"]]],
} : {
displayForm: concatPsString(
{ p: "به ...", f: "ba ..." }, " ", waay,
),
english: [[["... would have been ..."]]],
},
pure: {
displayForm: !ba ? waay : concatPsString(grammarUnits.baParticle, " ", waay),
},
}}
opts={opts}
/>
</div>
);
}
export default WithTailChoice;

18
src/content/equatives/habitual-equative.mdx
View File

@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ In the last section we looked at the <Link to="/equatives/present-equative/">pre
This form is used to say that something is something (A = B) **habitually, generally, or repeatedly**.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "سحار کې چمن لوند **وي**",
f: "saháar ke chaman loond **wee**",
@ -66,11 +67,13 @@ This form is used to say that something is something (A = B) **habitually, gener
f: "atu bajo na bad dookáan band **wee**",
e: "The shop is closed after 8 o'clock. (generally, habitually)",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
⚠ **Warning**: For English speakers **it take some time to get used to choosing between the *present* and *habitual* equatives**. Standard English uses the same form for both, but in Pashto the forms change!
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "دوکان بند **دی**.",
f: "dookáan band **dey**.",
@ -83,7 +86,8 @@ This form is used to say that something is something (A = B) **habitually, gener
e: "The shop **is** always closed. (generally, every day)",
sub: "2. Habitual Form"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
In English, we just say "is" in both situations. But **in Pashto, you have to pick between the two forms**. Use the present form for things that are something in the moment, and use the habitual form for things are generally or habitually something.
@ -110,9 +114,11 @@ Interestingly, there is also a separate [habitual equative](https://en.wikipedia
</td>
<td>The grass <strong>is</strong> wet</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: <>چمن لوند <strong>دی</strong></>, f: <>chaman loond <strong>dey</strong></> },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>

145
src/content/equatives/other-equatives.mdx
View File

@ -2,17 +2,6 @@
title: Other Equatives
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
addToForm,
defaultTextOptions as opts,
@ -25,6 +14,7 @@ import {
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
import WithTailChoice from "./WithTailChoice";
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
import {
@ -46,13 +36,15 @@ The subjunctive equative is used to talk about something being something when th
- a purpose
- statement of whether it should or shouldn't be
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
psmd({
p: "امید لرم چې خوشحاله **وي**",
f: "Umeed larum che khosháala **wee**",
e: "I hope he **is** happy",
}),
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
<EquativeFormChoice
forms={{
@ -81,29 +73,34 @@ The subjunctive equative is used to talk about something being something when th
The subjunctive is used in clauses that express a purpose or an aim of something being something.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه به درته سندره وایم، چې ته خوشحاله **وې**",
f: "zu ba taa ta sandura waayum, che tu khoshaala **we**.",
e: "I'll sing to you, so that you'll **be** happy.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Judgement/obligation
The subjunctive form can be used to talk about it being being good or bad, necessary, or required that something is something.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغوي باید په ښووونځي کې **وي**",
f: "hagwee baayad pu xowoondzee ke **wee**.",
e: "They have to be in school.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Desire
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "امید لرم چې هلته **وي**",
f: "Umeed larum che halta **wee**.",
@ -114,13 +111,15 @@ The subjunctive form can be used to talk about it being being good or bad, neces
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **woo**.",
e: "He wants us to be home.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Conditions
The subjunctive form is also used to talk about conditions or possibilities. *If A = B, then...* or *It could be that A = B ...*
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "که دوکان کې وریژې **وي** نو وایې خله",
f: "ku dokaan ke wrejze **wee**, no waa-ye-khla",
@ -131,13 +130,15 @@ The subjunctive form is also used to talk about conditions or possibilities. *If
f: "kedey shee che DoDúy tayaara **wee**",
e: "The food could be ready",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Important Note on Common Use:
This is the standard/written form of the subjunctive equative. However in many dialects you will find that people use the same forms as the <Link to="/equative/habitual-equative">habitual equative</Link> when speaking. For example:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغه غواړي چې مونږ په کور کې **وو**",
f: "haghá ghwaaRee che moonG pu kor ke **woo**.",
@ -150,7 +151,8 @@ This is the standard/written form of the subjunctive equative. However in many d
e: "He wants us to be home.",
sub: "often spoken / colloquial",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameSubjunctive} />
@ -205,7 +207,8 @@ This is used for:
#### Examples
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه **به** په کور کې **یم**.",
f: "zu **ba** pu kor ke **yum**.",
@ -226,7 +229,8 @@ This is used for:
f: "taaso **ba** wuGee **yeyy**, ku nu?",
e: "You**'ll be** hungry, won't you?",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameFuture} />
@ -265,7 +269,8 @@ It is usually used in the short form.
### Examples
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "ته چېرته **وې**؟",
f: "tu cherta **we**?",
@ -291,7 +296,8 @@ It is usually used in the short form.
f: "moonG khúfa **woo**.",
e: "We **were** sad.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={equativeGamePast} />
@ -351,17 +357,20 @@ Like the <Link to="#past-equative">past equative</Link> that it's based on, it's
#### Presuming something about the past
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "ته **به** خبر **وې** که نه؟",
f: "tu **ba** khabúr **we**, ka na?.",
e: "You would have known, wouldn't you?",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Habitual Past
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه **به** هر سهار هلته **وم**",
f: "zu **ba** hăr saháar halta **wum**",
@ -372,17 +381,20 @@ Like the <Link to="#past-equative">past equative</Link> that it's based on, it's
f: "zmaa mor **ba** dalta naasta **wa**.",
e: "My mom would be sitting here.",
}
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Hypothetical outcome
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "که خوب مې نه وای کړی، زه **به** ستړی **وم**.",
f: "ku khob me nu waay kúRey, zu **ba** stúRey **wum**.",
e: "If I hadn't slept, I **would have been** tired.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameWouldBe} />
@ -403,58 +415,14 @@ Because this is based on the the non-inflecting tail, *it doesn't change at all,
<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "w" }} /> + non-inflecting tail
</Formula>
export function WithTailChoice(props) {
const [choice, setChoice] = React.useState("aay");
const waay = concatPsString(
{p: "و", f: "w"},
choice === "aay" ? { p: "ای", f: "aay" } : { p: "ی", f: "ey" },
);
return (
<div>
<div className="text-center my-3">
<div className="text-muted mb-1">
<small>The spelling/pronunciation of the non-inflecting tail can vary based on dialect</small>
</div>
<ButtonSelect
options={[
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ای", f: "aay" }} />, value: "aay" },
{ label: <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} />, value: "ey" },
]}
value={choice}
handleChange={(p) => setChoice(p)}
/>
</div>
<EquativeFormChoice
forms={{
sentence: !props.ba ? {
displayForm: concatPsString(
{ p: "کاشکې ... ...", f: "kaashke ... ..."}, " ",
waay, { p: "!", f: "!" },
),
english: [[["If only ... was/were ...!"]]],
} : {
displayForm: concatPsString(
{ p: "به ...", f: "ba ..." }, " ", waay,
),
english: [[["... would have been ..."]]],
},
pure: {
displayForm: !props.ba ? waay : concatPsString(grammarUnits.baParticle, " ", waay),
},
}}
opts={opts}
/>
</div>
);
}
<WithTailChoice />
<WithTailChoice opts={opts} ba={false} />
### Examples
#### If A were B
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "که زه ستا پر ځای **وای**",
f: "ku zu staa pur dzaay **waay**",
@ -465,21 +433,25 @@ export function WithTailChoice(props) {
f: "ku moonG khabúr **waay**, nú raatloo.",
e: "If had known, we wouldn't have come.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### You wish A were B
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**کاشکې ته دلته **وای!",
f: "kaashke tu dălta **waay**!",
e: "If only you were here!",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### A should have been B
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "د باید دلته **وای**!",
f: "tu baayad dălta **waay**!",
@ -490,7 +462,8 @@ export function WithTailChoice(props) {
f: "tu baayad dălta **waay**",
e: "You had to be here",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={equativeGamePastSubjunctive} />
@ -506,7 +479,7 @@ This is used to talk about:
<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={grammarUnits.baParticle} /> + <Link to="#past-subjunctive">past subjunctive</Link>
</Formula>
<WithTailChoice ba />
<WithTailChoice opts={opts} ba={true} />
<GameDisplay record={equativeGameWouldHaveBeen} />

32
src/content/equatives/present-equative.mdx
View File

@ -2,21 +2,9 @@
title: Present Equative
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
import { useState } from "react";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
import {
grammarUnits,
Examples,
@ -30,6 +18,7 @@ import {
} from "../../games/games";
import GameDisplay from "../../games/GameDisplay";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import EquativeFormChoice from "../../components/EquativeFormChoice";
## Present Equative Form
@ -86,25 +75,24 @@ Flip through the following examples and notice how the equative changes dependin
## Examples
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
{ p: "هغه ماشوم دی", f: "haghá mashóom dey", e: "He is a child" },
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
{ p: "هغوي ماشومان دي", f: "haghwée mashoomáan dee", e: "They are children" },
{ p: "ته ډاکټر یې؟", f: "tu DakTár ye?", e: "Are you a doctor?" },
{ p: "تاسو ډاکټران یئ؟", f: "taaso DakTaráan yeyy?", e: "Are you (pl.) doctors?" },
{ p: "دا ستا کور دی", f: "daa staa kor dey", e: "That's your house" },
{ p: "دا ستا کورونه دي", f: "daa staa koróona dee", e: "Those are your houses" },
]}</Examples>
]} />
Notice how the equative agrees with the subject, but also how the complement can inflect (change) depending on the gender and number. We'll understand more about how this works when we look at *inflection*.
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
{ p: "زه ستړی یم", f: "zu stúRey yum", e: "I (m.) am tired 👨"},
{ p: "زه ستړې یم", f: "zu stúRe yum", e: "I (f.) am tired 👩"},
{ p: "ته پښتون یې؟", f: "tu puxtoon ye?", e: "Are you (m.) a Pashtun?" },
{ p: "ته پښتنه یې؟", f: "tu puxtana ye?", e: "Are you (f.) a Pashtun?" },
{ p: "تاسو پښتانه یې؟", f: "taaso puxtaanu yeyy?", e: "Are you (m. pl.) Pashtuns?" },
{ p: "تاسو پښتنې یې؟", f: "taaso puxtane yeyy?", e: "Are you (f. pl.) Pashtuns?" },
]}</Examples>
]} />
Note: To understand why/how these words are changing, you will need to read up on *inflection*.
@ -112,15 +100,15 @@ Note: To understand why/how these words are changing, you will need to read up o
When you're asking a question, all you have to do is change the intonation. You don't have to change the word order like you do in English.
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
{ p: "ته پښتون یې.", f: "tu puxtoon ye.", e: "You (m.) are a Pashtun." },
{ p: "ته پښتون یې؟", f: "tu puxtoon ye?", e: "Are you (m.) a Pashtun?" },
]}</Examples>
]} />
**99.9% of the time the equative will go at the end of the sentence.** But in poetry the order often gets flipped around. You can also flip the order around to make an emphatic point.
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions}>{[
<Examples opts={defaultTextOptions} ex={[
{ p: "خو ته یې افعان", f: "kho tu ye afgháan", e: "But you are Afghan!" }
]}</Examples>
]} />
<GameDisplay record={equativeGamePresent} />

106
src/content/index.ts
View File

@ -8,124 +8,124 @@
/* eslint-disable import/no-webpack-loader-syntax */
// @ts-ignore
import * as intro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./intro.mdx";
import * as intro from "./intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as presentEquative from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./equatives/present-equative.mdx";
import * as presentEquative from "./equatives/present-equative.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as habitualEquative from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./equatives/habitual-equative.mdx";
import * as habitualEquative from "./equatives/habitual-equative.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as otherEquatives from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./equatives/other-equatives.mdx";
import * as otherEquatives from "./equatives/other-equatives.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as nounsGender from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-gender.mdx";
import * as nounsGender from "./nouns/nouns-gender.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as nounsUnisex from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-unisex.mdx";
import * as nounsUnisex from "./nouns/nouns-unisex.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as nounsPlural from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/nouns-plural.mdx";
import * as nounsPlural from "./nouns/nouns-plural.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as arabicPlurals from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/arabic-plurals.mdx";
import * as arabicPlurals from "./nouns/arabic-plurals.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as bundledPlurals from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./nouns/bundled-plurals.mdx";
import * as bundledPlurals from "./nouns/bundled-plurals.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as BlocksAndKids from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/blocks-and-kids.mdx";
import * as BlocksAndKids from "./phrase-structure/blocks-and-kids.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as NPIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/np.mdx";
import * as NPIntro from "./phrase-structure/np.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as APIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/ap.mdx";
import * as APIntro from "./phrase-structure/ap.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as EPIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/ep.mdx";
import * as EPIntro from "./phrase-structure/ep.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as VPIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/vp.mdx";
import * as VPIntro from "./phrase-structure/vp.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as Complement from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/complement.mdx";
import * as Complement from "./phrase-structure/complement.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as ShorteningVPs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx";
import * as ShorteningVPs from "./phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as verbAspect from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-aspect.mdx";
import * as verbAspect from "./verbs/verb-aspect.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as verbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verbs-intro.mdx";
import * as verbsIntro from "./verbs/verbs-intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as presentVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/present-verbs.mdx";
import * as presentVerbs from "./verbs/present-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as subjunctiveVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/subjunctive-verbs.mdx";
import * as subjunctiveVerbs from "./verbs/subjunctive-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as futureVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/future-verbs.mdx";
import * as futureVerbs from "./verbs/future-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as imperativeVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx";
import * as imperativeVerbs from "./verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as verbEndings from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/verb-endings.mdx";
import * as verbEndings from "./verbs/verb-endings.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as negativeVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/negative.mdx";
import * as negativeVerbs from "./verbs/negative.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as rootsAndStems from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx";
import * as rootsAndStems from "./verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as pastVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/past-verbs.mdx";
import * as pastVerbs from "./verbs/past-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/perfect-verbs-intro.mdx";
import * as perfectVerbsIntro from "./verbs/perfect-verbs-intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as allPerfectVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx";
import * as allPerfectVerbs from "./verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as passiveVoice from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/passive-voice.mdx";
import * as passiveVoice from "./verbs/passive-voice.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as ability from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/ability.mdx";
import * as ability from "./verbs/ability.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as masterChart from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./verbs/master-chart.mdx";
import * as masterChart from "./verbs/master-chart.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/intro.mdx";
import * as compoundVerbsIntro from "./compound-verbs/intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as helperVerbs from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx";
import * as helperVerbs from "./compound-verbs/helper-verbs.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as stativeCompounds from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/stative-compounds.mdx";
import * as stativeCompounds from "./compound-verbs/stative-compounds.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as dynamicCompounds from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx";
import * as dynamicCompounds from "./compound-verbs/dynamic-compounds.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as moreOnCompounds from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx";
import * as moreOnCompounds from "./compound-verbs/more-on-compounds.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as introToParticiples from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./participles/intro.mdx";
import * as introToParticiples from "./participles/intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as pronounsBasic from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
import * as pronounsBasic from "./pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as pronounsMini from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
import * as pronounsMini from "./pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as directionalPronouns from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
import * as directionalPronouns from "./pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as inflectionIntro from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-intro.mdx";
import * as inflectionIntro from "./inflection/inflection-intro.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as inflectionPatterns from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx";
import * as inflectionPatterns from "./inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as sandwiches from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./sandwiches/sandwiches.mdx";
import * as sandwiches from "./sandwiches/sandwiches.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as phonetics from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/phonetics.mdx";
import * as phonetics from "./writing/phonetics.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as diacritics from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/diacritics.mdx";
import * as diacritics from "./writing/diacritics.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as theFiveYeys from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
import * as theFiveYeys from "./writing/the-five-yeys.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as typingIssues from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./writing/typing-issues.mdx";
import * as typingIssues from "./writing/typing-issues.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as unrealConditionals from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./recipes/unreal-conditionals.mdx";
import * as unrealConditionals from "./recipes/unreal-conditionals.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as games from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./games.mdx";
import * as games from "./games.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as pronounPicker from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./practice-tools/pronoun-picker.mdx";
import * as pronounPicker from "./practice-tools/pronoun-picker.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as phraseBuilder from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./phrase-builder.mdx";
import * as phraseBuilder from "./phrase-builder.mdx";
// @ts-ignore
import * as dictionary from "!babel-loader!@lingdocs/mdx-loader!./dictionary.mdx";
import * as dictionary from "./dictionary.mdx";
type ChapterSection = {
import: any,
@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ export const content = contentTree.map((item) => {
slug: chp.slug,
content: chp.import.default,
frontMatter: chp.import.frontMatter,
tableOfContents: chp.import.tableOfContents(),
tableOfContents: chp.import.tableOfContents,
};
}
return ("import" in item)

35
src/content/inflection/inflection-intro.mdx
View File

@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
title: Intro to Inflection
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
@ -21,7 +12,7 @@ import {
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
import Table from "../../components/Table";
import InlineInflectionButton from "../../components/InlineInflectionButton";
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula.js";
import Formula from "../../components/formula/Formula";
import catInflectionGif from "../../images/cat-inflection.gif";
export const singleInflectionHeadRow = [
@ -57,28 +48,34 @@ If we think of a word as a little button <InlineInflectionButton />, then we can
### Inflecting for Reason #1 - Plural
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>{[
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>
{[
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"سړي", f:"saRee", e:"men"}],
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"ښځې", f:"xudze", e:"women"}],
]}</Table>
]}
</Table>
### Inflecting for Reason #2 - Sandwich
Let's attach a little <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{p:"د ...", f:"du ...", e:"'s, of, possessive"}} /> sandwich to the same words and watch what happens.
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>{[
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>
{[
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"د سړي نوم څه دی؟", f:"du saRee noom tsu dey?", e:"What's the man's name?"}],
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"د ښځې نوم څه دی؟", f:"du xudze noom tsu dey?", e:"What's the woman's name?"}],
]}</Table>
]}
</Table>
### Inflecting for Reason #3 - Subject of a transitive past tense verb
If a word is the subject of a past tense transitive verb, we also inflect it.
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>{[
<Table headRow={singleInflectionHeadRow} opts={opts}>
{[
[{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"}, {p:"سړي ډوډۍ وخوړه", f:"saRee DoDuy óokhoRa", e:"The man ate food."}],
[{p:"ښځه", f:"xudza", e:"woman"}, {p:"ښځې ډوډۍ وخوړه", f:"xudze DoDuy óokhoRa", e:"The woman ate food."}],
]}</Table>
]}
</Table>
Notice how for all these reasons, the exact same thing happened to the words.
@ -103,7 +100,8 @@ Once a word gets inflected, you can push or bend it even further a second time.
<div className="mr-2"><InlineInflectionButton inflection={2} /></div>
<div className="align-self-center">2nd Inflection</div>
</div>,
]} opts={opts}>{[
]} opts={opts}>
{[
[
{p:"سړی", f:"saRey", e:"man"},
{p:"سړي", f:"saRee"},
@ -133,4 +131,5 @@ Once a word gets inflected, you can push or bend it even further a second time.
{p:"د ښځې کور هلته دی", f:"du xudze kor halta dey", e:"The woman's house is there", sub:"inflect for sandwich"},
null,
],
]}</Table>
]}
</Table>

57
src/content/inflection/inflection-patterns.mdx
View File

@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
title: Inflection Patterns
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
@ -112,9 +103,11 @@ Animate nouns like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "بي بي", f: "beebee", e: "
It's important to know that *not all words can be inflected*. If a word doesn't fit into one of these 6 patterns, you can't inflect it. For example, if an adjective ends in an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـه", f: "-a" }} /> in the masculine form, you can't inflect it because it doesn't fit any of the patterns above. 🙅‍♂️
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad", sub: "...is also sad because it can't inflect like all the other words 😢" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
## Exceptions
@ -126,32 +119,40 @@ When you put a <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern 1 - b
For example, let's put the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کوټه", f: "koTa", e: "room" }} /> inside the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... کې", f: "pu ... ke", e: "in" }} />. It doesn't inflect!
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "زه **په کوټه کې** یم", f: "zu **pu koTa ke** yum", e: "I am **in the room**" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
But if you make it plural, it *will* use the second inflection. Only the first inflection is skipped.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "مونږ **په کوټو کې** یو", f: "moonG **pu koTo ke** yoo", e: "We are **in the rooms**" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
Remember that in any other kind of sandwich, you still use the first inflection with these pattern 1 words.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه **کوټې ته** ځم",
f: "zu **koTé ta** dzum",
e: "I'm going to the room",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
Other sandwiches starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په", f: "pu" }} /> like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... باندې", f: "pu ... baande" }} /> are a bit flexible with these pattern 1 words. Sometimes people will inflect them and sometimes they won't.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "هغه **په ښځه باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي", f: "hagha **pu xudza baande** DoDuy pakhawee", e: "He gets his wife to cook the food", sub: "not inflected" },
{ p: "هغه **په ښځې باندې** ډوډۍ پخوي", f: "hagha **pu xudze baande** DoDuy pakhawee", e: "He gets his wife to cook the food", sub: "inflected" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Pattern 4 masculine animate nouns
@ -161,7 +162,8 @@ Other sandwiches starting with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په", f: "pu" }}
For example, if we put the the singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پښټون", f: "puxtoon" }} /> in a sandwich, *usually* people will not inflect it.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه **له پښتون سره** ناست یم",
f: "zu **la puxtoon sara** naast yum",
@ -190,11 +192,13 @@ For example, if we put the the singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پ
f: "**du puxtano** noomoona tsu dee?",
e: "What are the **Pashtun's** names",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### As subjects of past tense transitive verbs
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**پښتون** زه ولیدم",
f: "**puxtoon** zu óoledum",
@ -206,13 +210,15 @@ For example, if we put the the singular word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پ
f: "**puxtano** zu óoledum",
e: "The Pashtuns saw me",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### Plural
But these words will *always* use the first inflection for the plural.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "دلته **پښتانه** اوسېږي",
f: "dalta **puxtaanu** oseGee",
@ -223,7 +229,8 @@ But these words will *always* use the first inflection for the plural.
f: "daa **du puxtano** rawaaj dey",
e: "This is **the Pashtuns'** custom"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={inflectionPatternsGame1} />

11
src/content/intro.mdx
View File

@ -2,17 +2,6 @@
title: Intro
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
Pashto has a reputation for being difficult or mysterious. Learners are often overwhelmed and baffled by the how the words are constantly inflecting and changing, and they can be confused by the structure of sentences with past tense verbs, etc. 😩
But once we dive in and see how the language works we will see that **Pashto has a very beautiful and clear structure**. Like interlocking stones 🧱, or Lego pieces, the words and phrases have clear rules and constraints about how they can be placed together. Once we understand these rules, we can confidently and happily build little structures of meaning.

30
src/content/nouns/arabic-plurals.mdx
View File

@ -30,30 +30,36 @@ For now, see if you can notice some of the basic patterns.
Some of the words change drastically:
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
<ArabicPluralTable>
{[
[{p:"حال", f:"haal", e:"condition"}, {p:"احوال", f:"ahwaal", e:"conditions"}],
[{p:"لفظ", f:"lafz", e:"word"}, {p:"الفاظ", f:"alfaaz", e:"words"}],
[{p:"مکتب", f:"maktab", e:"school"}, {p:"مکاتب", f:"makaatib", e:"schools"}],
[{p:"نبي", f:"nabee", e:"prophet"}, {p:"انبیا", f:"ambiyáa", e:"prophets"}],
[{p:"فرد",f:"fard", e:"person"},{p:"افراد", f:"afráad", e:"people"}],
[{p:"قانون", f:"qaanóon", e:"law"},{p:"قوانین", f:"qawaanéen", e:"laws"}],
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
]}
</ArabicPluralTable>
Some add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ات", f: "áat" }} /> on the end:
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
<ArabicPluralTable>
{[
[{p:"توجیه", f:"tawjeeh", e:"justification"}, {p:"توجیهات", f:"tawjeehaat", e:"justifications"}],
[{p:"ملاحظه", f:"mUlaahiza", e:"consideration"}, {p:"ملاحظات", f:"mUlaahizaat", e:"considerations"}]
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
]}
</ArabicPluralTable>
And some add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ین", f: "éen" }} /> on the end:
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
<ArabicPluralTable>
{[
[{p:"مجاهد", f:"mUjaahíd", e:"religious warrior"}, {p:"مجاهدین", f:"mUjaahidéen", e:"religious warriors"}],
[{p:"متحد", f:"mUtahíd", e:"ally/allied"}, {p:"متحدین", f:"mUtahidéen", e:"allies"}],
[{p:"معتاد", f:"mUtáad", e:"addict"}, {p:"معتادین", f:"mUtaadéen", e:"addicts"}],
[{p:"مهاجر", f:"mUhaajir", e:"immigrant"}, {p:"مهاجرین", f:"mUhaajiréen", e:"immigrants"}],
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
]}
</ArabicPluralTable>
## Notes
@ -61,7 +67,8 @@ And some add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ین", f: "éen" }} /> on the en
Once a word is put into it's special Arabic plural form, it's always a *masculine plural* (based on the consonant ending) even if the singular version of the word was feminine.
<ArabicPluralTable>{[
<ArabicPluralTable>
{[
[
{p:"ملاحظه", f:"mUlaahiza", e:"consideration (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
{p:"ملاحظات", f:"mUlaahizaat", e:"considerations (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
@ -78,13 +85,15 @@ Once a word is put into it's special Arabic plural form, it's always a *masculin
{p:"قبیله", f:"qabeela", e:"tribe (f.)", sub: "feminine", gender: "f"},
{p:"قبایل", f:"qabaayul", e:"tribes (m. pl.)", sub: "masculine", gender: "m"},
],
]}</ArabicPluralTable>
]}
</ArabicPluralTable>
### Arabic Plurals are Not Always Used
For many words, people may either use the regular Pashto plural endings or the special Arabic form. Here are a couple examples of words that are often said either way.
<Table opts={opts} headRow={["Singular", "Arabic Plural", "Pashto Plural"]}>{[
<Table opts={opts} headRow={["Singular", "Arabic Plural", "Pashto Plural"]}>
{[
[
{p:"مکتب", f:"maktab", e:"school"},
{p:"مکاتب", f:"makáatib", e:"schools"},
@ -100,5 +109,6 @@ For many words, people may either use the regular Pashto plural endings or the s
{p:"روابط", f:"rawáabit", e:"connections"},
{p:"رابطې", f:"raabité", e:"connections"},
],
]}</Table>
]}
</Table>

8
src/content/nouns/bundled-plurals.mdx
View File

@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ For many nouns ending in a consonant, we can make a special kind of **"bundled p
To make this "bundled plural" we add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـه", f: "-a" }} /> to the end of the noun.
<BundledPluralTable>{[
<BundledPluralTable>
{[
[
{ p: "کال", f: "kaal", e: "year" },
{ p: "کاله", f: "kaala", e: "years" },
@ -38,5 +39,6 @@ To make this "bundled plural" we add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ـه", f:
[
{ p: "کرت", f: "karat", e: "time" },
{ p: "کرته", f: "karata", e: "times" },
]
]}</BundledPluralTable>
],
]}
</BundledPluralTable>

60
src/content/nouns/nouns-plural.mdx
View File

@ -41,27 +41,33 @@ To understand how to inflect words, have a look at the <Link to="/inflection/inf
### With masculine nouns
<PluralTable inflection>{[
<PluralTable inflection>
{[
[{p: "سړی", f: "saRéy", e: "man", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#3-words-ending-in-a-stressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-éy--">pattern #3</Link> }, { p: "سړي", f: "saRée", e: "men" }],
[{ p: "سپی", f: "spey", e: "dog", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#3-words-ending-in-a-stressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-éy--">pattern #3</Link> }, { p: "سپي", f: "spee", e: "dog" }],
[{ p: "پښتون", f: "puxtóon", e: "Pashtun", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#4-words-with-the-pashtoon-pattern">pattern #4</Link> }, { p: "پښتانه", f: "puxtaanu", e: "Pashtuns" }],
[{ p: "غل", f: "ghul", e: "thief", sub: <Link to="">pattern #5</Link> }, { p: "غله", f: "ghlu", e: "thieves" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
### With feminine nouns
<PluralTable inflection>{[
<PluralTable inflection>
{[
[{ p: "ښڅه", f: "xudza", e: "woman", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#1-basic">pattern #1</Link> }, { p: "ښځې", f: "xudze", e: "women" }],
[{ p: "پښتنه", f: "puxtana", e: "Pashtun (f.)", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">pattern #5</Link> }, { p: "پښتنې", f: "puxtane", e: "Pashtuns (f.)" }],
[{ p: "سختي", f: "sakhtée", e: "difficulty", sub: <Link to="inflection/feminine-inflection/#feminine-nouns-ending-in-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ي-f-ee--">ending in <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{ p: "ي", f: "ee" }}</InlinePs></Link> }, { p: "سختۍ", f: "sakhtúy", e: "difficulties" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
Note that in some forms of inflection with feminine nouns the word does not change at all in the first inflection. In these cases the singular and plural are just the same.
<PluralTable inflection>{[
<PluralTable inflection>
{[
[{ p: "ملګرې", f: "malgúre", e: "friend (f.)", sub: <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">pattern #2</Link> }, { p: "ملګرې", f: "malgúre", e: "friends (f.)" }],
[{ p: "کړکۍ", f: "kuRkúy", e: "window", sub: <Link to="/inflection/feminine-inflection/#feminine-nouns-ending-in-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ۍ-f-uy--">ending in <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{ p: "ۍ", f: "uy" }}</InlinePs></Link> }, { p: "کړکۍ", f: "kuRkúy", e: "windows" }]
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
## Plural Endings
@ -71,56 +77,67 @@ Note that in some forms of inflection with feminine nouns the word does not chan
This only works with **masculine nouns** that fit into the <Link to="/nouns/nouns-unisex/#1-basic">basic pattern</Link>. It's *usually* only used with inanimate things (not with people or animals). But there are exceptions...
<PluralTable>{[
<PluralTable>
{[
[{ p: "کور", f: "kor", e: "house" }, { p: "کورونه", f: "koróona", e: "houses" }],
[{ p: "څیز", f: "tseez", e: "thing" }, { p: "څیزونه", f: "tseezóona", e: "things" }],
[{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "book" }, { p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "books" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
#### Animate Plural Ending ان - áan
This is *usually* only used with animate things (people or animals), but there are exceptions...
<PluralTable>{[
<PluralTable>
{[
[{ p: "دوست", f: "dost", e: "friend" }, { p: "دوستان", f: "dostáan", e: "friends" }],
[{ p: "مار", f: "maar", e: "snake" }, { p: "ماران", f: "maaráan", e: "snakes" }],
[{ p: "ماما", f: "maamáa", e: "uncle" }, { p: "ماماګان", f: "maamaagáan", e: "uncles" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
**Note**: If the word ends with a non-shwa vowel, (ie. not 'u') a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ګ", f: "g" }} /> can be added to seperate the ending and the vowel.
**Note:** Sometimes the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ونه", f: "óona" }} /> ending is used with animate nouns, and somethimes the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ان", f: "áan" }} /> ending is used with inanimate nouns as well. For example:
<PluralTable>{[
<PluralTable>
{[
[{ p: "شی", f: "shey", e: "thing" }, { p: "شیان", f: "sheyáan", e: "things" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
### Feminine Plural Endings
Depending on the dialect, you can either add <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وې", f: "we" }} />, or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ګانې", f: "gáane" }} /> to the end of the word to make it plural.
<PluralTable>{[
<PluralTable>
{[
[{ p: "دعا", f: "dUáa", e: "prayer" }, { p: "دعاوې", f: "dUáawe", e: "prayers" }],
[null, { p: "دعاګانې", f: "dUaagáane", e: "prayers" }],
[{ p: "بيشو", f: "peeshó", e: "cat 🐱" }, { p: "پیشووې", f: "peeshówe", e: "cats 🐱🐱" }],
[null, { p: "پیشوګانې", f: "peeshogáane", e: "cats 🐱🐱" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
#### With unisex animate nouns
When a noun is a <Link to="/nouns/nouns-unisex/">unisex noun</Link>, you often add an <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ې", f: "e" }} /> on the end of the <Link to="/nouns/nouns-plural/#animate-plural-ending-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ان-f-aan--">animate <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ان", f: "aan" }} /> ending</Link> instead of using the <Link to="/nouns/nouns-plural/#with-feminine-nouns">regular inflection</Link>.
<PluralTable>{[
<PluralTable>
{[
[{ p: "استاذ", f: "Ustáaza", e: "teacher (f.) 👩‍🏫" }, { p: "استاذانې", f: "Ustaazáane", e: "teachers (f.) 👩‍🏫👩‍🏫" }],
[{ p: "ډاکټره", f: "DakTára", e: "doctor (f.) 👩‍⚕️"}, { p: "ډاکټرانې", f: "DakTaráane", e: "doctors (f.) 👩‍⚕️👩‍⚕️" }],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
## Irregular Plurals
Some nouns just have completely irregular plural forms.
<PluralTable>{[
<PluralTable>
{[
[{p:"خور", f:"khor", e:"sister"}, {p:"خویندې", f:"khweynde", e:"sisters"}],
[{p:"ورور", f:"wror", e:"brother"}, {p:"وروڼه", f:"wróoNa", e:"brothers"}],
[{p:"نجلۍ", f:"njuluy", e:"girl"},{p:"نجونې", f:"njoone", e:"girls"}],
@ -130,13 +147,15 @@ Some nouns just have completely irregular plural forms.
[{p:"لور", f:"loor", e:"daughter"},{p:"لوڼې", f:"looNe", e:"daughters"}],
[{p:"یور", f:"yor", e:"wife of a husbands' brother"},{p:"یوڼې", f:"yooNe", e:"wives of a husband's brother"}],
[{p:"نږور", f:"nGor", e:"daughter-in-law"},{p:"نږیندې", f:"nGeynde", e:"daughter-in-laws"}],
]}</PluralTable>
]}
</PluralTable>
## Collective Plurals
Some nouns are just always considered plural, often because they are made up of a bunch of individual pieces.
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "خلک", f: "khalk", e: "people/populace (m. pl.)" },
{ p: "اوړه", f: "ooRú", e: "flour (m. pl.)" },
{ p: "برنج", f: "birínj", e: "rice (m. pl.)" },
@ -144,4 +163,5 @@ Some nouns are just always considered plural, often because they are made up of
{ p: "جوار", f: "jawáar", e: "corn (m. pl.)" },
{ p: "زهر", f: "zahur", e: "poison (m. pl.)" },
{ p: "سامان", f: "saamáan", e: "stuff, things (m. pl.)" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>

11
src/content/nouns/nouns-unisex.mdx
View File

@ -223,14 +223,3 @@ See <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#5-shorter-words-that-squish">patt
]} />
<GameDisplay record={unisexNounGame} />
<!--
{
masc: {
ex: {p: "بوډا", f: "booDáa", e: "old man" },
},
fem: {
ex: {p: "بوډۍ", f: "booDúy", e: "old woman" },
},
}
-->

44
src/content/participles/intro.mdx
View File

@ -28,23 +28,27 @@ This is the easiest to make. It's just the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">im
Here's an example where we use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekúl" }} /> to describe *the activity or action* of writing. And, as with all these kind of participles, it functions as a **3rd person plural noun**.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**لیکل** ښه دي",
f: "**leekul** xu dee",
e: "**Writing** is good",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
These kinds of participles are used like the "-ing" present particple in English, or like the "to be" infinitives in English.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه **لیکل** غواړم",
f: "zu **leekul** ghwaaRum",
e: "I want **to write**",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Inflecting the Root/Infinitive Participle
@ -57,7 +61,8 @@ And just like with other plural nouns, they are inflected by adding an <InlinePs
#### 1. Inflecting in a sandwich
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**د لیکلو لپاره** څه نشته",
f: "**du leekulo lapaara** tsu nushta",
@ -68,13 +73,15 @@ And just like with other plural nouns, they are inflected by adding an <InlinePs
f: "zu **du patsedulo** twaan nu larum",
e: "I don't have the strength to get up",
}
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
#### 2. Inflecting as a subject of a past tense transitive verb
Since these particples are nouns, they can also be the subject of a sentance. For example:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**لیکل** ما ستړی کوي",
f: "**leekul** maa stuRey kawee.",
@ -87,7 +94,8 @@ Since these particples are nouns, they can also be the subject of a sentance. Fo
e: "**Writing** made me tired",
sub: "subject of a past tense transitive verb (inflected)"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## ونکی - óonkey suffix
@ -99,7 +107,8 @@ This form can be used to transform verbs into adjectives. For example, from the
These "adjectives" will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">inflect just like any other adjectives ending with an unstressed <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} /></Link>.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "دا یوه **دردونکې** کیسه ده",
f: "daa yawa **dardawóonke** keesa da",
@ -118,7 +127,8 @@ These "adjectives" will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-endin
e: "Those are sad novels",
sub: "(masc. plural.)"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### As an agent noun
@ -198,7 +208,8 @@ export const agentNounExamples = [
Of course, these nouns will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-ending-in-an-unstressed-inlineps-optsopts-ps-p-ی-f-ey--">inflect just like any other nounse ending with an unstressed <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey" }} /></Link>.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**زده کوونکي** مکتب ته ځي",
f: "**zda kawoonkee** maktab to dzee",
@ -214,15 +225,17 @@ Of course, these nouns will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#2-words-e
f: "graano **leedóonko**, stuRee ma sheyy",
e: "Hello dear viewers",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## Past Participle
<!-- These are formed by adding a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ونکی", f: "oonkey" }} /> to the end of the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">imperfective root</Link> of a verb. -->
{/* These are formed by adding a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ونکی", f: "oonkey" }} /> to the end of the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">imperfective root</Link> of a verb. */}
They work as an adjective... EXPLANATION COMING SOON.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "د موټړو په ښیښو **لیکې** خبرې",
f: "du moTur pu xeexo **leekúle** khabure",
@ -243,4 +256,5 @@ They work as an adjective... EXPLANATION COMING SOON.
f: "haghwee la **raaghúlo** khalko sara mrasta kawee",
e: "They are helping the people that came.",
}
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>

47
src/content/phrase-structure/ap.mdx
View File

@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ An AP is either:
- an adverb, or
- a sandwich
### Adverb
An adverb is a word or expression that modifies the time, manner, place, etc. of a phrase.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "AP",
selection: {
@ -36,9 +38,11 @@ An adverb is a word or expression that modifies the time, manner, place, etc. of
entry: {"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "AP",
selection: {
@ -46,7 +50,8 @@ An adverb is a word or expression that modifies the time, manner, place, etc. of
entry: {"ts":1527819967,"i":5428,"p":"خامخا","f":"khaamakhaa","g":"khaamakhaa","e":"definitely, for sure, whether someone wants or not, willy-nilly (this last use more in Urdu)","c":"adv."},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
#### Note on inflecting adverbs
@ -54,9 +59,11 @@ Adverbs don't normally inflect, but they *will inflect* if they are words that c
Notice how the adverb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "tired" }} /> inflects depending on who is sitting in this example:
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.23089213205851067,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3252190155472441,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6352,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},{"key":0.015377073636430039,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7722,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj. / adv."}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13461,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
When an adverb can also be used as an adjective it will inflect to agree with:
- With <EP text="EPs" />: the subject
@ -70,7 +77,8 @@ In English we have have [prepositions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition
These "sandwiches" are also used as an adverb to give more information for the phrase. They take an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link> in the middle. For example if we want to say "in the house" we take the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "په ... کې", f: "pu ... ke", e: "in" }} /> and put the NP <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کور", f: "kor", e: "house" }} /> inside of it.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "AP",
selection: {
@ -93,11 +101,13 @@ These "sandwiches" are also used as an adverb to give more information for the p
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
Because the inside of a sandwich is an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link> we can also spice it up by adding adjectives.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "AP",
selection: {
@ -123,12 +133,13 @@ Because the inside of a sandwich is an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
We can also add a possesor it hangs outside of the sandwich. All together it's still all considered one AP block though.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{{
type: "AP",
selection: {
type: "sandwich",
@ -167,13 +178,13 @@ We can also add a possesor it hangs outside of the sandwich. All together it's s
},
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}}
</EditableBlock>
Here's another example using the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "سره", f: "sara", e: "with" }} />:
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{{
type: "AP",
selection: {
type: "sandwich",
@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ Here's another example using the sandwich <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "سره
},
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}}
</EditableBlock>
Notice how when we put the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ملګری", f: "malgúrey", e: "friend" }} /> inside the sandwich it <Link to="/inflection/inflection-intro/">inflects</Link>. You <strong>always inflect the inside of the sandwich</strong> except for <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/#exceptions">two exceptions</Link>.

40
src/content/phrase-structure/blocks-and-kids.mdx
View File

@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import EditableVPEx from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableVPEx";
import EditableEPEx from "../../components/phrase-diagram/EditableEPEx";
export function BlocksIcon() {
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-cubes" />;
};
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-cubes" />
}
Pashto phrases are built with **blocks** 🧱 and **kids** 👶. It's important to know what these parts are and how they fit together.
@ -33,17 +33,23 @@ Blocks are units of speech like <NP text="NPs" />, <AP text="APs" /> or verbs, e
Wherever you see an example phrase with a <BlocksIcon /> you can click it to see the blocks that make up the phrase. Try clicking the <BlocksIcon /> to see the blocks that make up the examples below.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.21116655057859535,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.3303626365055592,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.03422215123934946,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} noEdit hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} noEdit hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":true},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.3303626365055592,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.03422215123934946,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
You will see a bunch of different blocks. Don't worry about learning what they all are, but if you want here's a complete list:
<details>
@ -74,17 +80,23 @@ The **kids' section is always after the first block**.
Click on the <BlocksIcon /> on the following examples to see where the kids' section lies.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.27231313024586834,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6810015291689175,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject noEdit>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject noEdit>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"future","negative":true},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} noEdit>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.27231313024586834,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6810015291689175,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11610,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Here are the kids go in the kids' section, and they always line up **in this order**.

78
src/content/phrase-structure/complement.mdx
View File

@ -21,17 +21,21 @@ A **complement** is a separate block in a <VP /> or <EP /> that describes an <NP
For example, in the phrase:
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527822049,"i":3621,"p":"تکړه","f":"takRá","g":"takRa","e":"strong, energetic, skillful, great, competent","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تکړه", f: "takRá", e: "strong" }} /> is a <em>complement</em> that describes the object, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "you" }} />. Incidentally, that whole sentence is a <em>compliment</em>, which is a flattering or affirming remark (see [complement vs. compliment](https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/complement-and-compliment-usage-difference)), so yes, you will often use complements in compliments. 😅
Complements also show up in other places too.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6125075141659033,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.1352596942418407,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10633,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812798,"i":5647,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad" }} /> is a <em>complement</em> that describes the object, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ما", f: "maa", e: "me" }} />.
@ -52,51 +56,69 @@ Adjectives seem like the most natural and common things to use as a complement.
Click on the <BlocksIcon /> to see what the complement is in the examples below.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5828,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6407963893481012,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6392166687010554,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10699,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5828,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice that the adjective will inflect to match the <NP /> that it is describing. Try editing <EditIcon /> the examples below and see how the adjective changes when you change the <NP /> it describes.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6407963893481012,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6392166687010554,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1581086654898,"i":10699,"p":"کېدل","f":"kedul","g":"kedul","e":"to become _____","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","ssp":"ش","ssf":"sh","prp":"شول","prf":"shwul","pprtp":"شوی","pprtf":"shúwey","noOo":true,"ec":"become"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2936852927534954,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9001306626884367,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1579015359582,"i":10633,"p":"کول","f":"kawul","g":"kawul","e":"to make ____ ____ (as in \"He's making me angry.\")","c":"v. trans. irreg.","ssp":"کړ","ssf":"kR","prp":"کړل","prf":"kRul","pprtp":"کړی","pprtf":"kúRey","noOo":true,"ec":"make,makes,making,made,made"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"externalComplement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7600,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Locative Adverb
You can also use an **adverb that describes a location** as a complement. These do not inflect.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6256,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812449,"i":13967,"p":"هلته","f":"hálta, álta","g":"halta,alta","e":"there","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
### Sandwich
You can also use a <Sandwich /> as a complement to describe an <NP /> (where it is, who it's with, what it's for etc. etc.)
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7559632995928578,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10018,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815451,"i":7256,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11709,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}},"Complement":{"type":"complement","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"د","f":"du"},"after":{"p":"لپاره","f":"lapaara"},"e":"for","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11715,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
### Complement Noun
@ -115,14 +137,16 @@ For example, we have the compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "حلېدل", f
The complement noun <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "حل", f: "hal", e: "solution" }} /> gets used almost as if it were an adjective (in an English brain).
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
f: "مسئله **حل** شوه",
p: "masala **hal** shwa",
e: "The problem was solved",
sub: "lit. The problem became **solution**",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
Notice this is a **noun** in this sentence, not an adjective. That means that:
@ -136,13 +160,15 @@ We also have the the dynamic compound <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرح
So we can use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استراحات", f: "istiraháat", e: "rest/relaxation" }} /> as a complement noun. You might here someone say:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "اوپخښه. ته **استرحات** وې؟",
f: "oobakhxa. tu **istiraháat** we?",
e: "Sorry. Were you resting?",
sub: "lit. Sorry. Were you **relaxation**?",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
Again this makes absolutely no sense to the English brain, but it happens in all the time in Pashto (and many other languages), so you'll just have to accept it.

90
src/content/phrase-structure/ep.mdx
View File

@ -60,63 +60,81 @@ Let's look at some examples using each of these kinds of complements. Click on t
An adjective is a word that describes what the subject is like. Notice that if possible, it will inflect to agree with the subject.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5823,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
#### With a location adverb
A location adverb is a word that describes the location of the subject. Don't worry, it doesn't inflect.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812449,"i":13954,"p":"هلته","f":"hálta, álta","g":"halta,alta","e":"there","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
#### With a sandwich
You can also use any kind of sandwich to describe the subject of an EP.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10540,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
#### With a complement noun
In Pashto there are a lot of [compound verbs](https://www.lingdocs.com/blog/pashto-compound-verbs) that use *nouns* as the complement. For example, to become angry <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "غوسه کېدل", f: "ghwUsa kedul", e: "to become angry" }} /> uses the complement <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "غوسه", f: "ghWusa", e: "anger" }} />. This complement noun can also be used with an equative, for instance.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "هغه **غوسه** دی", f: "hagha **ghwUsa** dey", e: "He is **angry**" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
In English it would [sound funny](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/U7X7cEh5au8) to say "I am anger," but in Pashto it's normal. These complement nouns get treated almost as if they were adjectives. Except...
You will notice how when people use these complement nouns with equatives they *don't inflect* based on the subject. For instance you could ask if someone is resting using the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرحات", f: "istiraháat", e: "rest" }} /> from the compound verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرحات کول", f: "istirahaat kawul", e: "to rest" }} />.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "ته استرحات یې؟", f: "tu istirahaat ye?", e: "Are you (m.) **resting**?" },
{ p: "ته استرحات یې؟", f: "tu istirahaat ye?", e: "Are you (f.) **resting**?" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
You don't inflect the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "استرحات", f: "istiraháat", e: "rest" }} /> because it's a noun, not an adjective.
It's not always that straightforward though. Some complement nouns get used so much they get treated (by some people) as adjectives and *will* inflect. A good example of this is the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خبر", f: "khabur", e: "news" }} /> in <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خبرېدل", f: "khabredul", e: "to become aware of" }} />. Some people will inflect it, and some people won't.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "زه **خبر** یم", f: "zu **khabúr** yum", e: "I (f.) am aware", sub: "not inflected" },
{ p: "زه **خبره** یم", f: "zu **khabúra** yum", e: "I (f.) am aware", sub: "inflected" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## 2. NP + NP
@ -128,25 +146,33 @@ It's not always that straightforward though. Some complement nouns get used so m
Sometimes you need to say that an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link> is an <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link>. <strong>The equative always agrees with the <em>last</em> <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/">NP</Link></strong>.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819521,"i":5824,"p":"خوشالي","f":"khoshaalee","g":"khoshaalee","e":"happiness (خوشحالي)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527819521,"i":5824,"p":"خوشالي","f":"khoshaalee","g":"khoshaalee","e":"happiness (خوشحالي)","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812903,"i":13128,"p":"مینه","f":"meena","g":"meena","e":"love","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"NP","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
## Adding APs
You can add as many <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap/">APs</Link> as you like to a phrase. For example if we wanted to say that the weather is good <strong>here</strong> we can add the <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap/">AP</Link> <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دلته", f: "dălta", e: "here - adverb" }} />.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.925654634890972,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812672,"i":14045,"p":"هوا","f":"hawaa","g":"hawaa","e":"air, atmosphere; weather","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
Try adding clicking the <EditIcon /> and adding other <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap/">APs</Link> to this or other examples above.
@ -154,10 +180,14 @@ Try adding clicking the <EditIcon /> and adding other <Link to="/phrase-structur
If it's obvious who/what you're talking about you can always leave out the subject.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":true}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10010,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815306,"i":7595,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":true}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>

4
src/content/phrase-structure/my-data.ts Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
export const data = {
name: "bill",
age: 34,
};

92
src/content/phrase-structure/np.mdx
View File

@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ A noun phrase (NP) in Pashto is one of the following three things:
A **noun** is a word that we use to identify people, places, things, or ideas. One of these words by itself it forms a NP, one of the basic building blocks.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -38,13 +39,15 @@ A **noun** is a word that we use to identify people, places, things, or ideas. O
possesor: undefined,
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
#### Adding adjectives
We can also **extend our noun by adding *adjectives***. Let's add the *adjective* <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }} /> to our NP.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -61,11 +64,13 @@ We can also **extend our noun by adding *adjectives***. Let's add the *adjective
possesor: undefined,
}
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
Now we have two words, but it's still **one NP**, one building block. We can add as many adjectives as we want, and it still stays as one single building block. Click on the <EditIcon /> icon below to try adding or removing more adjectives.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -92,7 +97,8 @@ Now we have two words, but it's still **one NP**, one building block. We can add
possesor: undefined,
}
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
It's important to note that the adjective will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patterns/">inflect</Link> according to the noun it's attached to.
@ -100,7 +106,8 @@ It's important to note that the adjective will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-
We can also add a **possesor** by adding another NP <Link to="/sandwiches/sandwiches/">sandwiched</Link> in with a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "du", e: "of"}} />. (Notice that the word sandwiched in there will <Link to="/inflection/inflection-intro/">inflect</Link> if possible.) Now we have a NP inside of an NP, but it's still all **one NP** or **one building block**.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -133,11 +140,13 @@ We can also add a **possesor** by adding another NP <Link to="/sandwiches/sandwi
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
If our possesor is a noun, we can add a possesor to *it*. Try clicking the <EditIcon /> icon below and adding possesors to the possesors, you can go forever! 🤯
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -185,7 +194,8 @@ If our possesor is a noun, we can add a possesor to *it*. Try clicking the <Edit
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
A possesor can have another possesor which can have another posseser and so-on and on *forever*. The nerdy word for this phenomenon where things reference/repeat themselves is [recursion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion). 🤓
@ -205,7 +215,8 @@ A pronoun is a word like "I", "you", "us", "them" that signifies a person or thi
You can't add any adjectives or possesors to pronouns in Pashto. They just stand on their own as an NP.
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -214,9 +225,11 @@ You can't add any adjectives or possesors to pronouns in Pashto. They just stand
distance: "far",
}
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -225,7 +238,8 @@ You can't add any adjectives or possesors to pronouns in Pashto. They just stand
distance: "far",
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
### Participle
@ -234,7 +248,8 @@ In Pashto you can use the infinitive form of a verb as a participle, meaning you
- "to write" or
- "writing"
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -244,11 +259,13 @@ In Pashto you can use the infinitive form of a verb as a participle, meaning you
},
}
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
Then we can use this NP just like we would any other noun in a sentence.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "زه **لیکل** غواړم.",
f: "zu **leekúl** ghwaaRum.",
@ -260,37 +277,43 @@ Then we can use this NP just like we would any other noun in a sentence.
f: "**leekúl** sakht dee.",
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
sub: "'writing' - used as a subject",
}
])}</Examples>
},
])}
</Examples>
The important thing to know about these kinds of NPs (participles) is that they are *always* considered **masculine plural**.
Notice how in the example above we said
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**لیکل** سخت دي.",
f: "**leekúl** sakht dee.",
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
sub: "'writing' - is *masculine plural*",
}
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
We could *not* say
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**لیکل** سخت دی. ❌",
f: "**leekúl** sakht dey. ❌",
e: "**Writing** is dificult",
}
])}</Examples>
},
])}
</Examples>
We can also **add subjects or objects** to the participle by <Link to="/sandwiches/sandwiches/">sandwiching</Link> them in with a possesive <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "du", e: "of" }} />.
For example, if we take the participle <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وهل", f: "wahúl", e: "to hit / hitting" }} />
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -300,11 +323,13 @@ For example, if we take the participle <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وهل",
},
}
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
And we can add the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ماشومان", f: "maashoomaan", e: "children" }} /> by sandwiching it in like we did with the possesor, we get
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>{
<EditableBlock opts={opts}>
{
{
type: "NP",
selection: {
@ -329,7 +354,8 @@ And we can add the word <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ماشومان", f: "maa
},
},
}
}</EditableBlock>
}
</EditableBlock>
The noun we just attached can be a subject *or* an object of the participle. You just have to know from context. So this NP can mean either:
@ -338,11 +364,13 @@ The noun we just attached can be a subject *or* an object of the participle. You
And we can use this NP block as noun in a sentence.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([{
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([{
p: "**د ماشومانو وهل** ښه نه دي.",
f: "**du maashoomaano wahul** xu nu dee.",
e: "**Hitting children** is bad.",
}])}</Examples>
}])}
</Examples>
## Overview
@ -357,8 +385,8 @@ An **NP** is one of the following:
Notice how NPs can contain other NPs, and therefore go on foreeeever. So you could have like 50 words packed together and it would all be **one single NP**, **one building block** in a sentence.
<!-- ## NP Playground
{/* ## NP Playground
Now try making your own NPs from scratch! 👩‍🍳 See if you can make really big ones like "hitting my good old friend's brother's father's big dog."
<NPPlayground opts={opts} /> -->
<NPPlayground opts={opts} /> */}

95
src/content/phrase-structure/shortening-vps.mdx
View File

@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
InlinePs,
Examples,
makeNounSelection,
role
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
@ -25,18 +24,20 @@ export function KingIcon() {
export function ServantIcon() {
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-male" />;
};
}
<VideoPlayer src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B-hrsnCk50&t=1s&ab_channel=LingDocs" />
Pashto has a very special way of shortening <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp">VP</Link>s. In a language like English if we want to say "I saw her," we can only say, "I saw her." But in Pashto there are many ways to shorten and to say this.
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما هغه ولیده", f: "maa haghá óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "full form" },
{ p: "ما ولیده", f: "maa óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #1" },
{ p: "هغه مې ولیده", f: "haghá me óoleeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #2" },
{ p: "ومې لیده", f: "óo-me leeda", e: "I saw her", sub: "short form #3" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
So what is going on here? 🧐 This is another behaviour of Pashto that can seem very illogical or confusing to the learner. Thankfully though, there's a very clear rule about how these phrases are shortened up.
@ -86,29 +87,37 @@ This is a litle memory aid to help us remember the two things that we can do to
Now we can look at some examples to see how this works. Let's take a very simple sentence:
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
This is a <Link to="/vp/#2-with-non-past-transitive-verbs-">present-tense transitive</Link> phrase. See if you can figure out what the king <KingIcon /> and servant <ServantIcon /> are in this sentence, then click on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" /> to see what they are.
Got it? So now we know we can **kill the king**. Since the king controls the verb, we can just leave it out.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
The other thing we can do is we can **shrink the servant** 🪄 and turn it into a <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronoun</Link>. The servant here is <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تا", f: "taa", e: "you - 2nd. pers. sing." }} /> so it will get shrunk into the 2nd pers. sing. <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronoun</Link>, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دې", f: "de" }} />. Because it's a little mini-pronoun 👶 it has to go in the <KidsSection />. (After the first block)
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Now if we want to make our sentence *really* short we can **kill the king** *and* **shrink the servant**.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
It's very important to remember to play by the rules. You can **kill the king** and **shrink the servant** but you cannot kill the servant or shrink the king! 🙅‍♂ (That's another mistake that Pashto learners make a lot!)
@ -118,27 +127,35 @@ Let's try another example with a <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#3-with-past-ten
Here's the same phrase but using a continuous past verb. Take a second and identify the king and the servant in the phrase below, and then check by clicking on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" />.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Let's go ahead and **kill the king**, which in this case is the *subject*.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Looks quite different, but we're still following the same rule. Now let's **shrink the servant**. 🪄 This time the servant is the *object* <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ما", f: "maa", e: "I - 1st pers. sing." }} /> so it will get shrunk into the 1nd pers. sing. <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronoun</Link>, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مې", f: "me" }} /> and go in the <KidsSection />.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
And of course we can do both **kill the king** and **shrink the servant**.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.13415526513680676,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2455033196459333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice how our shortened sentences look completely different from the present-tense version above, but they follow the exact same two rules for shortening with the king and servant. This all feels like mental gymnastics to the learner, but Pashtuns will very casually use all these different forms of shortening depending on what they want to emphasize or the flow of conversation.
@ -146,15 +163,19 @@ Notice how our shortened sentences look completely different from the present-te
Let's look at another example with an <Link to="/vp/#1-with-intransitive-verbs-">intransitive verb</Link>.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
The **king** <KingIcon /> of this sentence is the *subject* <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I" }} />. So we can **kill the king** and leave that out.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2392487764665734,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6268130996406576,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":true,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice that we cannot **shrink the servant** because there is no servant in a VP with an intransitive verb. The learner is often tempted to shrink the king into a mini-pronoun, but that is *not allowed!* 🙅‍♂️
@ -162,18 +183,24 @@ Notice that we cannot **shrink the servant** because there is no servant in a VP
Try shortening these other examples. Notice how the <KidsSection /> (after the first block), and the <KidsSection /> changes depending on what's in the phrase. If we start the phrase with an <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap">AP</Link> the mini pronoun will fall right after that first AP. Try shrinking this sentence all the way (click on "both") and see what happens.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5372523258610236,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815151,"i":2140,"p":"پارک","f":"paark","g":"paark","e":"park","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5372523258610236,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815151,"i":2140,"p":"پارک","f":"paark","g":"paark","e":"park","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
Or if a phrase is using a <Link to="/verbs/verb-aspect/">perfective verb</Link>, then the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/#about-the-split-in-the-perfective-side">front part of the verb can split off</Link> into a seperate block. This puts the kids' section in an interesting place... see what happens when you hit "both" for this phrase.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.44012482066169145,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8184810526278858,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
Go ahead, click on the <EditIcon /> and try making your own phrases and shrinking them.
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx formChoice opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9914022242777141,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.35863341169816,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.028227454947787223,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>

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@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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width="724.26672"
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@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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width="724.26672"
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src/content/phrase-structure/vp.mdx
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@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
InlinePs,
Examples,
makeNounSelection,
role
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import Link from "../../components/Link";
@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ export function KingIcon() {
export function ServantIcon() {
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-male" />;
};
}
<div className="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
<strong>Note:</strong> This is a bit of a longer section. Go through it in small parts if you need to, but it's <em>super important</em> to understand if you want to keep your sanity in learning Pashto (This will help you understand past tense etc.)
@ -39,9 +38,11 @@ In <Link to="/phrase-structure/ep/">the last section</Link> we learned how to bu
For example, if I say:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "زه وریژي **خورم**", f: "zu wrijze **khorum**", e: "I am eating rice" }
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
This is a **VP** built with the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خوړل", f: "khoRul", e: "to eat" }} />.
@ -82,17 +83,23 @@ We'll call the subject is the **king** <KingIcon /> of the phrase because it con
Check out the following examples. Click on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" /> to see the structure of the phrase in blocks. Click on the <EditIcon /> to change the subject and see how the verb changes with it.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6249110810530165,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.1526649374428386,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.09496144009475649,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9212151213586337,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11586,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16198632970883398,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.48028409958746776,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814025,"i":5482,"p":"ختل","f":"khatul","g":"khatul","e":"to climb, ascend, rise, go up; to fall out, to fall off, to leave/dissapear; to turn out to be ...; to give a sentence (in law)","c":"v. intrans.","psp":"خېژ","psf":"khejz","tppp":"خوت","tppf":"khot","ec":"climb"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Notice how **the subject never inflects**. Whether it's past or present tense, the structure stays the same with these intransitive verbs. The subject doesn't inflect and the subject is **king** <KingIcon />.
@ -130,23 +137,31 @@ We have a **subject NP** that we'll call the **king** <KingIcon /> of the phrase
We also have an **object NP** that we'll call the **servant** <ServantIcon /> of the phrase. When we learn about shortening VPs we'll learn more about what the **servant** role means, but for now we can just know that *the king controls the verb endings, not the servant*.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5938378036848799,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.15215428186176383,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812525,"i":4741,"p":"چای","f":"chaay","g":"chaay","e":"tea","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527817750,"i":7843,"p":"سکل","f":"skul","g":"skul","e":"to drink","c":"v. trans.","ec":"drink,drinks,drinking,drank,drank"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.4930268563050435,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43336925620044653,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815251,"i":7804,"p":"سړی","f":"saRéy","g":"saRey","e":"man","c":"n. m.","ec":"man","ep":"men"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Go ahead and play around with these examples by pressing the <i className="fas fa-cubes" /> and <EditIcon /> buttons. Notice how the subject and object do not inflect, and the verb always agrees with the subject <KingIcon />. But here's where things will get a *little* weird... **If you use a 1st or 2nd person pronoun as an object, it *will* inflect.**
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.20670111338657748,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.05531784420548824,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.20670111338657748,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.05531784420548824,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Any other kind of object will not inflect. It's just the 1st and 2nd person pronouns that get inflected. If this seems insane, there are actually a lot of languages that behave differently with 1st and 2nd person pronouns - after all they are a little more "personal" and so they behave different.
@ -181,9 +196,11 @@ This is where things start to get *really* weird. With past tense transitive ver
Look at this sentence for example:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.4930268563050435,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.43336925620044653,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
The subject (the child) is the servant <ServantIcon /> and the object (me) is the king <KingIcon />! For learners who aren't used to this new structure this can sound like "I hit the child", but no, this sentence means that <strong>The child</strong> <ServantIcon /> hit <strong>me</strong> <KingIcon />.
@ -191,17 +208,23 @@ This kind of craziness where the verb lines up with the object is called [ergati
The other thing that happens in that **the subject always inflects** and the **the object does NOT inflect**.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Go ahead and play with the examples above. See if you can follow what's happening with the structure.
- The subject <ServantIcon /> gets inflected
@ -245,13 +268,17 @@ Here's a little chart to summarize the three structures:
Usually people will say the subject before the object, but very often for emphasis or variety people will say object first, then subject. The word order isn't fixed like it is in English. Both of these sentences are correct.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9330508471129377,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2277679800763388,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Grammatically Transitive Verbs
@ -259,9 +286,11 @@ With some verbs transitive like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "اورېدل", f
For example if you say "I looked towards you":
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.26083971448537757,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6566544874522231,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","after":{"p":"ته","f":"ta"},"e":"to","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}},{"key":0.9879794193752598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812751,"i":10020,"p":"کتل","f":"katul","g":"katul","e":"to look, see, watch, examine; to meet with","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"ګور","psf":"gor","tppp":"کوت","tppf":"kot","ec":"look"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
This is **a transitive verb, but there's no spoken object in this phrase**. There's just a subject (I) and a verb (looked) and then a <Link to="/phrase-structure/ap">AP</Link> explaining the direction that I looked. (Some people might talk about there being an *indirect object* but we will never use that term when talking about Pashto, because it's super confusing. In Pashto there can only be one object in a phrase, and it's just a direct object.)
@ -269,9 +298,11 @@ Whenever this happens **the object is considered to be 3rd person masculine plur
This is most probably often seen in phrases like
<Examples opts={opts}>{
<Examples opts={opts}>
{
{ p: "ما ووایل چې...", f: "maa óowayul che...", e: "I said, (bla bla bla)" }
}</Examples>
}
</Examples>
Here we're using the transitive verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وایل", f: "waayul", e: "to say" }} /> but we don't have a specific object, so again, we pretend there's a 3rd pers. masc. plur. object that we're not mentioning.
@ -286,14 +317,20 @@ Then, things get a little weirder because there are a number of verbs that don't
In Pashto, these verbs are transitive, and they use that same **unspoken 3rd person masculine plural object**. So we would say:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.35312598076336044,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5518799172071212,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812717,"i":7351,"p":"ژړل","f":"jzaRul","g":"jzaRul","e":"to cry","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"ژاړ","psf":"jzaaR","ec":"cry"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.35312598076336044,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5518799172071212,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812717,"i":7351,"p":"ژړل","f":"jzaRul","g":"jzaRul","e":"to cry","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"ژاړ","psf":"jzaaR","ec":"cry"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8502946722618807,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.900190674491598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812767,"i":5692,"p":"خندل","f":"khandul","g":"khandul","e":"to laugh","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"خاند","psf":"khaand","ec":"laugh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8502946722618807,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.900190674491598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":10}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812767,"i":5692,"p":"خندل","f":"khandul","g":"khandul","e":"to laugh","c":"v. gramm. trans.","psp":"خاند","psf":"khaand","ec":"laugh"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"grammatically transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>

15
src/content/pronouns/pronouns-basic.mdx
View File

@ -2,27 +2,16 @@
title: Pronouns
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
defaultTextOptions,
grammarUnits,
VerbTable,
ButtonSelect,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import { useState } from "react";
export function PronounInflectionChoice({ pronouns, far }) {
const [choice, setChoice] = React.useState("plain");
const [choice, setChoice] = useState("plain");
const english = {
plain: [
["I", "we"],

77
src/content/pronouns/pronouns-directional.mdx
View File

@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
title: Directional Pronouns
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
@ -36,25 +27,31 @@ Pashto has 3 **directional pronouns** that indicate the direction that a word is
<tr>
<td>1st</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "را", f: "raa", e: "me, we" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2nd</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "در", f: "dăr", e: "you, you (pl.)" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3rd</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ور", f: "wăr", e: "him, her, it, them" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -95,14 +92,16 @@ There are different verbs used for "to give" depending on which direction the gi
The choice of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "را، در، ور", f: "raa, dăr, wăr" }} /> depends on **who is on the receiving end of the giving**.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "ما ته کتاب **راکړه**", f: "maa ta kitáab **ráakRa**", e: "**Give** me the book." },
{ p: "مونږ ته پیسې **راکوي**", f: "moonG ta peysé **raakawee**", e: "He **gives** us money." },
{ p: "چای **درکړم**؟", f: "chaay **dărkRum**?", e: "Should I **give** you tea?" },
{ p: "تاسو ته پیسې **درکوي**.", f: "taaso ta peysé **dărkawee**.", e: "He **gives** you money." },
{ p: "دا کتاب ده ته **ورکړه**", f: "daa kitaab du ta **wărkRa**", e: "**Give** this book to him." },
{ p: "مونږ هغوي ته پیسې **ورکوو**", f: "moonG haghwee ta peyse **wărkawoo**.", e: "We **give** them money." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## With "to go"
@ -143,20 +142,24 @@ It's very common to add the directional pronouns in front of the verbs "to go" t
</tbody>
</table>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "هغه اوس **راځي**", f: "haghá oos **raadzée**", e: "He's **coming** now" },
{ p: "دلته **راشه**!", f: "dălta **ráasha**!", e: "**Come** here!" },
{ p: "هلته **ورشه**!", f: "hălta **wărsha**!", e: "**Go** there!" },
{ p: "زه **درځم**.", f: "zu **dărdzúm**", e: "I'm **coming** to you." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
These directional verbs are really common when talking about someone knowing a language, because in Pashto we can say that a language "goes to" someone if they know it.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "پښتو **راځي**.", f: "puxto **raadzée**.", e: "I know Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to me.)" },
{ p: "پښتو **درځي**؟", f: "puxto **dărdzée**?", e: "Do you know Pashto? (lit. Does Pashto come to you?)" },
{ p: "پښتو **ورځي**.", f: "puxto **wărdzée**.", e: "She knows Pashto. (lit. Pashto comes to her.)" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## With other verbs
@ -172,25 +175,35 @@ These directional pronouns can also get added on to all kinds of other verbs to
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "لېږل", f: "legúl", e: "to send" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td><Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<td><Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "دا عکس **را**ولېږه", f: "daa aks **raa**-óoleGa", e: "Send me that picture" },
{ p: "سمه ده. اوس یې **در**لېږم.", f: "sama da. oos ye **dăr**-léGum", e: "Ok. I'm sending you it now"},
])}</Examples></td>
])}
</Examples></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "استول", f: "astawul", e: "to send" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td><Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "پرون یې پیغام **را**واستاوه.", f: "paróon ye peygháam **raa**-wáastawu.", e: "She sent me a message yesterday." },
{ p: "زه به ورته یو پیغام **ور**واستوم.", f: "zu ba wăr-ta yo peyghaan **wăr**-wáastawum.", e: "I'll send her a message."},
])}</Examples></td>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -205,12 +218,14 @@ These directional pronouns can be used instead of <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-b
When you put these directional pronouns in these sandwiches, the first part (<InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "له", f: "la" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د", f: "du" }} />) is always left out.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "ولې **را**ته ګورې؟", f: "wăle **raa**-ta góre?", e: "Why are you looking at **me/us**?" },
{ p: "**را**ته ووایه!", f: "**raa**-ta óowaaya!", e: "Tell **me/us**!" },
{ p: "**در**سره چای شته؟", f: "**dăr**-sara chaay shta?", e: "Is there tea with **you**? Do you have tea?" },
{ p: "اوبه **ور**څخه راځي.", f: "oobu **wăr**-tsukha raadzée.", e: "Water comes from **it**." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## As Prefixes on Adjectives

143
src/content/pronouns/pronouns-mini.mdx
View File

@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
title: Mini Pronouns 👶
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
@ -30,7 +21,7 @@ import { NP, AP, KidsSection, VP } from "../../components/terms-links";
export function ServantIcon() {
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-male" />;
};
}
export function KingIcon() {
return <i className="mx-1 fas fa-crown" />;
@ -87,69 +78,91 @@ The "servant" <NP /> in a <VP /> can be "shrunken" 🪄 and replaced with a mini
With non-past transitive verbs, the **object** is the servant <ServantIcon />. Have a look at this present tense phrase.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
We can shrink the servant <NP /> <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تا", f: "taa", e: "you" }} /> into a mini-pronoun and then put it in the <KidsSection />.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Whatever the servant <NP /> is, the whole block is shrunken and replaced by a mini pronoun. For example we can have a really long <NP /> like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستا د مور خوندوره ډوډۍ", f: "staa du mor khwundawara DoDuy", e: "your mother's tasty food" }} />. Have a look at the blocks that make up this phrase by clicking on the <i className="fas fa-cubes" />, then see what happens when you click on the <MiniButton /> below to shrink the servant.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.957009632373707,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.21709277985114528,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812564,"i":6538,"p":"ډوډۍ","f":"DoDúy","g":"DoDuy","e":"bread, food, meal","c":"n. f."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812813,"i":5864,"p":"خوندور","f":"khwundawar","g":"khwundawar","e":"tasty, delicious","c":"adj."}}],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812928,"i":12956,"p":"مور","f":"mor","g":"mor","e":"mother, mom","c":"n. f. anim.","ppp":"میندې, میېندې","ppf":"méynde, myénde"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812790,"i":5795,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat,eats,eating,ate,eaten"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
#### Examples with past-tense transitive verbs
With **past-tense transitive verbs, the servant <ServantIcon /> is the subject**. See what happens when you shrink the servant with this of VP. (Click <MiniButton /> below)
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9744021270696674,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.68319897242172,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11608,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.562055304721206,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.00045975580899160207,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10011,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812447,"i":292,"p":"اخستل","f":"akhistúl, akhustúl","g":"akhistul,akhustul","e":"to take, buy, purchase, receive; to shave, cut with scissors","c":"v. trans.","psp":"اخل","psf":"akhl","tppp":"اخست","tppf":"akhist","ec":"take,takes,taking,took,taken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### 2. As a shrunken possesive
You can also take possesives and shrink them into mini-pronouns. The possesive can be found in any part of a phrase. To shrink it you just take it out and replace it with a mini-prounoun, which goes in the <KidsSection />. Here's a phrase with the possesive <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د هغې", f: "du haghé", e: "her" }} />.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
So that can be shrunk down to the mini-pronoun <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "یې", f: "ye", e: "" }} /> which goes in the kids
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"loc. adv.","entry":{"ts":1527812558,"i":6251,"p":"دلته","f":"dălta","g":"dalta","e":"here","c":"loc. adv."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
Sometimes possesives will be found in the middle of sandwiches. When we shrink them down into a mini-pronoun they always pop out and go into the <KidsSection />. Take a look at the blocks in this phrase (click <i className="fas fa-cubes" />).
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2983651163160099,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7086170207706901,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.5694963990751789,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2983651163160099,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.7086170207706901,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.5694963990751789,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3655,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
While exploring/editing phrases, you can click on the 🪄 above a possesor to shrink it. Try clicking the <EditIcon /> on the following phrase and shrinking the possesive by clicking on the 🪄.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822084,"i":9881,"p":"کار","f":"kaar","g":"kaar","e":"work, job, business, stuff to do","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":8,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815246,"i":7657,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
When we talked about <NP text="NPs" /> we also noted that you <Link to="/phrase-structure/np/#participle">use possesives to add subject or objects to participles</Link>. These can be shrunken in the same way. Try editing this phrase and shrinking the subj/obj of the participle.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"participle","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527816801,"i":14549,"p":"وینځل","f":"weendzul","g":"weendzul","e":"to wash","c":"v. trans.","ec":"wash"}},"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1573667460938,"i":4285,"p":"جامې","f":"jaame","g":"jaame","e":"clothes, clothing (plural of جامه)","c":"n. f. pl."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815246,"i":7657,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
## More about these kids 👶
@ -157,27 +170,35 @@ When we talked about <NP text="NPs" /> we also noted that you <Link to="/phrase-
Wherever the mini-pronouns came from, they always run off to the <KidsSection />! Especially with possesive pronouns, learners may feel like they need to stay attached to the word they were connected to. This is **not true at all**. Once we have a a mini-pronoun, in always goes it the kids' section, wherever that may be. It does not stay attached to the area it came from. Sometimes the kids section will *happen to be* next to the word a possesive came from.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2535,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812792,"i":5823,"p":"خوشاله","f":"khoshaala","g":"khoshaala","e":"happy, glad","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"present","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
Here it's just a coincedence that the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "دې", f: "de", e: "your" }} /> falls next to the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پلار", f: "plaar", e: "father" }} />. But the <KidsSection /> could be far, far away, depending on what's in the phrase. For example
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
Watch what happens when we shrink <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "د هغوي", f: "du haghwee", e: "their" }} /> into <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "یې", f: "ye" }} />
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
The <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "یې", f: "ye" }} /> sits in the kids section, wayyy at the other end of the sentence. Now what if we shrink the possesive <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ستا", f: "staa", e: "your" }} /> into *another* mini-pronoun.
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
Now we have two mini-pronouns in the <KidsSection />! Which brings us to an really interesting and important rule.
@ -191,9 +212,11 @@ In our example above about their brother sitting in your house the 2nd person si
Let's see how this works with a very common example. Pashtuns often say "I'm happy that *I heard your voice*".
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Here we can shrink two things:
@ -202,15 +225,19 @@ Here we can shrink two things:
Both of these go into the kids section and line up in order of 1st, 2nd, 3rd... so we line them up as <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مې دې", f: "me de", e: "" }} />
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Now let's take a different phrase:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
We can shrink two things in this phrase:
@ -219,29 +246,37 @@ We can shrink two things in this phrase:
Once we line these up in order in the kids' section we get <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مې دې", f: "me de", e: "" }} />, the exact same thing as above!
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8295906862124551,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.5964107897386419,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812621,"i":9211,"p":"غږ","f":"ghuG, ghaG","g":"ghug,ghag","e":"voice, sound","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1577049208257,"i":1068,"p":"اورېدل","f":"awredul","g":"awredul","e":"to hear, listen","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"اور","psf":"awr","tppp":"اورېد","tppf":"awred","ec":"hear,hears,hearing,heard"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":true}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
So when we see a sentence like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "غږ مې دې واورېد", f: "ghuG me de waawred", e: "" }} /> this can mean either "I heard your voice", or "you heard my voice" 🤯
Try clicking the <EditIcon /> and shrinking down the servants and possesives in these two phrases below.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9764153072449697,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3601331139959125,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9764153072449697,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3601331139959125,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11707,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14480,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Both turn out to be the exact same thing. So if someone says, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ماشوم مې یې وواهه", f: "maashoom me ye óowaahu", e: "" }} />, that can mean either, "She hit my child" or "I hit her child!"
Remember our example about about their brother sitting in your house yesterday? There could be a second meaning to this sentence, can you work it out?
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>{
<EditableEPEx opts={opts} hideOmitSubject>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.6731829827008933,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"adverb","entry":{"ts":1527815160,"i":2394,"p":"پرون","f":"paroon","g":"paroon","e":"yesterday","c":"adv."}}}},{"key":0.6531124225011433,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10542,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}},{"key":0.0539623363055568,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815421,"i":14292,"p":"ورور","f":"wror","g":"wror","e":"brother","c":"n. m. anim.","ppp":"وروڼه","ppf":"wrooNa"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":true}}}}}],"predicate":{"type":"Complement","NP":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815268,"i":8554,"p":"شی","f":"shey","g":"shey","e":"thing","c":"n. m.","ppp":"شیان، شیونه","ppf":"sheyáan, sheyóona"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527812796,"i":8655,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."}}]}},"Complement":{"type":"EQComp","selection":{"type":"adjective","entry":{"ts":1527815106,"i":13232,"p":"ناست","f":"naast","g":"naast","e":"sitting, seated","c":"adj."}}}},"equative":{"tense":"past","negative":false},"omitSubject":false}
}</EditableEPEx>
}
</EditableEPEx>
<details>
<summary>Answer:</summary>

6
src/content/sandwiches/sandwiches.mdx
View File

@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ export function SandwichTable() {
<SandwichTable />
More coming soon... In progress... 👷‍♂️
More in progress... 👷‍♂️
<!--
{/*
<Table size="medium"
titleRow={[{e: "sandwich" }, {e: "example"}]}
@ -102,3 +102,5 @@ Usually, words in sandwiches get <Link to="inflection/inflection-intro/">inflect
- <Multi t={{p:"په ... ګې", f:"pu ... ke"}} />
- <Multi t={{p:"په ... باندې", f:"pu ... baande"}} />
- <Multi t={{p:"په ...", f:"pu ..."}} /> -->
*/}

36
src/content/verbs/GoingStems.tsx Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
import {
defaultTextOptions as opts,
InlinePs,
RootsAndStems,
getVerbInfo,
getAbilityRootsAndStems,
removeFVarients,
ensureNonComboVerbInfo,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
export default function GoingStems() {
const items = [
{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"},
{"ts":1527815216,"i":6642,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
{"ts":1585228551150,"i":6062,"p":"درتلل","f":"dărtlul","g":"dartlul","e":"to come (to you / second person)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"درځ","psf":"dărdz","ssp":"درش","ssf":"dársh","prp":"درغلل","prf":"dáraghlul","pprtp":"درغلی","pprtf":"dăraghúley","tppp":"درغی","tppf":"dáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
{"ts":1585228579997,"i":14282,"p":"ورتلل","f":"wărtlul","g":"wartlul","e":"to come / go over to (third person or place)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ورځ","psf":"wărdz","ssp":"ورش","ssf":"wársh","prp":"ورغلل","prf":"wáraghlul","pprtp":"ورغلی","pprtf":"wăraghúley","tppp":"ورغی","tppf":"wáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
].map(entry => ({ entry }));
return <Carousel stickyTitle items={items} render={(item) => {
const rs = getAbilityRootsAndStems(
ensureNonComboVerbInfo(getVerbInfo(item.entry))
);
return {
title: <InlinePs opts={opts}>
{{
...removeFVarients(item.entry),
e: undefined,
}}
</InlinePs>,
body: <RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={rs}
/>,
};
}}/>
}

284
src/content/verbs/ability.mdx
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
getAbilityRootsAndStems,
removeFVarients,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import GoingStems from "./GoingStems";
import { KidsSection, VP, KingIcon, ServantIcon, Camera, Video, BlocksIcon } from "../../components/terms-links";
import Carousel from "../../components/Carousel";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
@ -28,13 +29,18 @@ import shwaayEverything from "./shwaay-everything.jpg";
We use "ability" verb forms to talk about the ability of a verb to happen. For example:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7144630314236184,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3237406469603912,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.7144630314236184,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3237406469603912,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.22382799925273678,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.8844517944804815,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815216,"i":6642,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
## Making the ability roots and stems
@ -78,13 +84,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
Imperfective Ability Stem + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Present Ending</Link>
</Formula>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Subjunctive Ability
@ -92,13 +102,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
Perfective Ability Stem + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Present Ending</Link>
</Formula>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Future Ability
@ -108,13 +122,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
به - ba + <Link to="/verbs/ability/#present-ability">Present Ability</Link>
</Formula>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
#### Perfective Future Ability
@ -122,13 +140,17 @@ We can uses these ability roots and stems just like we did with regular verb ten
به - ba + <Link to="/verbs/ability/#subjunctive-ability">Subjunctive Ability</Link>
</Formula>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.2966992402794464,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.6487943718280598,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9231,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Past Ability
@ -140,9 +162,11 @@ The past ability in Pashto is interesting because just like with the regular pas
Perfective Ability Root + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Past Ending</Link>
</Formula>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to get out of the house in one particular instance">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to get out of the house in one particular instance">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5272874508102714,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2225650273784472,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"څخه","f":"tsuxa"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10557,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.15630811214184237,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527823376,"i":14220,"p":"وتل","f":"watul","g":"watul","e":"to go out, exit, leave, emerge","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"وځ","psf":"oodz","tppp":"واته","tppf":"waatu","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"out"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
This means that I was able to get out of the house **in one instance** or **at one point in time**. We're looking at the past ability from the perfective <Camera /> aspect, and saying that in one particular snapshot of time I was able to do something.
@ -152,9 +176,11 @@ This means that I was able to get out of the house **in one instance** or **at o
Imperfective Ability Root + <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/">Past Ending</Link>
</Formula>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to leave the house whenever I wanted to">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long" sub="I was able to leave the house whenever I wanted to">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5272874508102714,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.2225650273784472,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"څخه","f":"tsuxa"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10557,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.15630811214184237,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527823376,"i":14220,"p":"وتل","f":"watul","g":"watul","e":"to go out, exit, leave, emerge","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"وځ","psf":"oodz","tppp":"واته","tppf":"waatu","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone","ep":"out"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
This is a *very different statement*, meaning that I had the ability to leave the house in an ongoing sense. It means that **I had the ability to leave the house whenever I wanted to**. We're looking at the ability from the imperfective <Video /> aspect.
@ -162,25 +188,33 @@ This is a *very different statement*, meaning that I had the ability to leave th
Ability verbs will follow the same <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/#3-vp-structures">VP structure</Link> as other verbs, so with past tense ability verbs the object is king. <KingIcon />
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in one instance" length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in one instance" length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in an ongoing or repeated sense" length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you in an ongoing or repeated sense" length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
#### With habitual past
Of course we can also use the habitual past forms with ability, simply by adding <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "به", f: "ba", e: "" }} /> as we would with the regular verb forms.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly in single instances" length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL SIMPLE PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly in single instances" length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"habitualPerfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly, in an ongoing sense" length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} sub="HABITUAL CONTINUOUS PAST ABILITY - I was able to see you repeatedly, in an ongoing sense" length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.1914245855622032,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.10810428860719257,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"habitualImperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
## Exceptions
@ -198,9 +232,11 @@ So for the ability roots and stems of <Link to="/compound-verbs/stative-compound
This means that when someone says:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.411085695548967,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9034337400391925,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527816735,"i":5983,"p":"داخلېدل","f":"daakhiledul","g":"daakhiledul","e":"to enter, go in; to be included; to be enrolled","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527816727,"ec":"enter"},"complement":{"ts":1527816727,"i":5979,"p":"داخل","f":"daakhil","g":"daakhil","e":"entering, internal, included; participation","c":"adj. / n. m."}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":"stative","voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
They could be talking about it in a imperfective <Video /> sense (I was able to enter whenever I wanted to) or a perfective <Camera /> sense. (I was able to enter in one instance) Both are exactly the same with these kinds of verbs.
@ -213,27 +249,6 @@ The same thing goes for the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تلل", f: "tlul",
These ones will also **use the imperfective roots and stems on both sides**, because you can't say something like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "❌ زه لاړلی شوم ❌", f: "❌ zu laaRúley shwum ❌", e: "I was able to go" }} />. You have to use the imperfective stems and roots and say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه تللی شوم", f: "zu tlúley shwum", e: "I was able to go" }} />, regardless of the aspect.
export function GoingStems() {
const items = [
{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"},
{"ts":1527815216,"i":6642,"p":"راتلل","f":"raatlúl","g":"raatlul","e":"to come","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"راځ","psf":"raadz","ssp":"راش","ssf":"ráash","prp":"راغلل","prf":"ráaghlul","pprtp":"راغلی","pprtf":"raaghúley","tppp":"راغی","tppf":"ráaghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
{"ts":1585228551150,"i":6062,"p":"درتلل","f":"dărtlul","g":"dartlul","e":"to come (to you / second person)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"درځ","psf":"dărdz","ssp":"درش","ssf":"dársh","prp":"درغلل","prf":"dáraghlul","pprtp":"درغلی","pprtf":"dăraghúley","tppp":"درغی","tppf":"dáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
{"ts":1585228579997,"i":14282,"p":"ورتلل","f":"wărtlul","g":"wartlul","e":"to come / go over to (third person or place)","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ورځ","psf":"wărdz","ssp":"ورش","ssf":"wársh","prp":"ورغلل","prf":"wáraghlul","pprtp":"ورغلی","pprtf":"wăraghúley","tppp":"ورغی","tppf":"wáraghey","noOo":true,"separationAtP":2,"separationAtF":3,"ec":"come,comes,coming,came,come"},
].map(entry => ({ entry }));
return <Carousel stickyTitle items={items} render={(item) => {
const rs = getAbilityRootsAndStems(getVerbInfo(item.entry));
return {
title: <InlinePs opts={opts}>{{
...removeFVarients(item.entry),
e: undefined,
}}</InlinePs>,
body: <RootsAndStems
textOptions={opts}
info={rs}
/>,
};
}}/>
}
<GoingStems />
@ -241,9 +256,11 @@ export function GoingStems() {
As we mentioned before we can either use <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ی", f: "ey", e: "" }} /> or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "ای", f: "aay", e: "" }} /> for the tail in these ability roots and stems. We can also use the long or short forms of the roots. This means that there are a lot of possible ways to make these verb forms. For example:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} allVariations>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} allVariations>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.42309512632682345,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":10,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.3537180592163174,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3666,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
## Notes on blocks and the negative
@ -268,23 +285,29 @@ If you look up at the blocks <BlocksIcon /> in the examples above you'll notice
These two parts switch places when the negative is used.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} length="long">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9964782089704867,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":4,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.31048352641551924,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11624,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"modal","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
But you can still say the negative *without swapping the blocks* if you want to sound emphatic.
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "هغه تا لیدلی نه شي",
f: "haghá taa leedúley nu shee",
e: "He/it (m.) can't see you.",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
## Shortcuts
@ -304,42 +327,50 @@ In colloquial/informal *spoken* Pashto, people often **use a wildcard** <InlineP
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما هغه لیدلی شوه",
f: "maa hagha leedúley shwa",
e: "I was able to see her",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما هغه لیدلی شوای",
f: "maa hagha leedúley shwaay",
e: "I was able to see her",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما ته لیدلی شوې",
f: "maa tu leedúley shwe",
e: "I was able to see you",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما ته لیدلی شوای",
f: "maa tu leedúley shwaay",
e: "I was able to see you",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -349,11 +380,13 @@ As a learner try to also be able to say the proper past tense endings, because p
<Image src={shwaayEverything} maxWidth="400px" />
### Using کول - kawul "to do" + subjunctive
Another extremely common thing to do is to make ability statements using the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawul", e: "to do" }} /> and then a <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive</Link> clause right after that. For example:
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "زه کولی شم چې تا سره لاړ شم",
f: "zu kawuley shum che taa sara laaR shum",
@ -366,11 +399,13 @@ Another extremely common thing to do is to make ability statements using the ver
e: "How can we recognize a ripe watermelon?",
sub: "Lit. How can we do (present) - that - We recognize a ripe watermelon (subjunctive)",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do" }} /> is used as a grammatically transitive verb, as if it has an unspoken 3rd person masculine singular object. "I can do ..." So In the past tense the verb will always be 3rd person masculine singular.
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما کولی شو چې بېرته راوګرځم",
f: "maa kawuley shoo che berta raa-óo-gurdzum",
@ -395,7 +430,8 @@ Here <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کول", f: "kawúl", e: "to do" }} /> is u
e: "I wasn't able to answer you in time",
sub: "Lit. I was not able to do (simple past) - that I answer you in time (subjunctive)",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is probably heard more in Afghanistan. It is easier to say because you just have to now how to say <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه کولی شم", f: "zu kawuley shum", e: "I can do..." }} /> in all the tenses and then no matter what tense you're using, you just use a <Link to="/verbs/subjunctive-verbs/">subjunctive verb</Link> for the next clause.
@ -413,14 +449,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Video /> Present
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه کولی شم", f: "zu kawúley shum", e: "I can" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه نه شم کولی", f: "zu nú shum kawúley", e: "I can't" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -428,14 +468,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Camera /> Subjunctive
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه وکولی شم", f: "zu óokawuley shum", e: "that I can" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه ونه شم کولی", f: "zu oo-nú-shum kawuley", e: "that I can't" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -443,14 +487,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Video /> Imperfective Future
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه به کولی شم", f: "zu ba kawúley shum", e: "I will be able to" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه به نه شم کولی", f: "zu ba nú shum kawúley", e: "I won't be able to" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -458,14 +506,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Camera /> Perfective Future
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه به وکولی شم", f: "zu ba óokawuley shum", e: "I will be able to" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "زه به ونه شم کولی", f: "zu ba oo-nú shum kawuley", e: "I won't be able to" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -473,14 +525,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Video /> Continuous Past
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما کولی شو", f: "maa kawúley shoo", e: "I was able to (ongoing)" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما نه شو کولی", f: "maa nú shoo kawúley", e: "I wasn't able to (ongoing)" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -488,14 +544,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Camera /> Simple Past
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما وکولی شو", f: "maa óokawuley shoo", e: "I was able to (one time)" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما ونه شو وکولی", f: "maa oo-nú-shoo kawuley", e: "I wasn't able to (one time)" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -503,14 +563,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Video /> Habitual Continuous Past
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما به کولی شو", f: "maa ba kawúley shoo", e: "I would be able to" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما به نه شو کولی", f: "maa ba nú shoo kawúley", e: "I wouldn't be able to" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -518,14 +582,18 @@ This kind of sentence structure is likely *a direct influnce* of Farsi, and is p
<Camera /> Habitual Simple Past
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما به وکولی شو", f: "maa ba óokawuley shoo", e: "I would be able to" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما به ونه شو کولی", f: "maa ba oo-nú-shoo kawúley", e: "I wouldn't be able to" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>

62
src/content/verbs/all-perfect-verbs.mdx
View File

@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ With the power of perfect forms, we can inject our <VP text="verb phrases" /> wi
The present perfect is used to talk about events that have happened in the past and therefore have an effect on *the current situation*, now.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده",
f: "maa DoDúy khoRule da",
@ -71,13 +72,15 @@ The present perfect is used to talk about events that have happened in the past
e: "She hasn't seen you (f.)",
sub: "She **currently** does not have the experience of seeing you",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Without the equative
Often the equative is left out with the present equative.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "تا ډوډۍ **خوړلې**؟",
f: "taa DoDuy **khoRúle**?",
@ -88,7 +91,8 @@ Often the equative is left out with the present equative.
f: "moonG dagha plaawee sara **katúlee**",
e: "We've met with that delegation",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## Habitual Perfect
@ -99,7 +103,8 @@ Often the equative is left out with the present equative.
The habitual perfect is used to talk about events that are habitually/generally found to be completed, so they tend to have an affect on the situation over and over again, in a habitual fashion.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "ماشومان په دې وخت کې مکتب ته تللي وي",
f: "maashoomáan pu de wakht ke maktab ta tlúlee wee",
@ -111,8 +116,9 @@ The habitual perfect is used to talk about events that are habitually/generally
f: "pu akhtar ke Der khalk dălta raaghúlee wee",
e: "On the holiday usually lots of people come/show up here",
sub: "People have a **habit** of arriving here on the holiday - you will **usually** see them here then",
}
])}</Examples>
},
])}
</Examples>
## Subjunctive Perfect
@ -128,7 +134,8 @@ The subjunctive perfect is used to talk about things being done in a *subjunctiv
- saying *if* something is done
- saying a purpose, i.e. ...**so that** something will be done
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "کېدای شي چې **راغلی وي**",
f: "kedaay shee che **raaghuley wee**",
@ -140,7 +147,8 @@ The subjunctive perfect is used to talk about things being done in a *subjunctiv
e: "I hope you haven't become sad",
sub: "I don't want you to have gotten upset",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## Future Perfect
@ -158,7 +166,8 @@ The future equative is used to either to:
#### A. Say something will be done in the future
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "سبا به پېښور ته تللې وي",
f: "sabaa ba pexawar ta tlúle wee",
@ -169,7 +178,8 @@ The future equative is used to either to:
f: "dwa kaala bad ba maa puxto xa zda kúRe wee",
e: "After two years I will have learned Pashto well.",
}
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
Notice that even though you might be talking about future events, for the <Link to="/phrase-structure/vp/">phrase structure</Link> this is still considered past tense, because **all perfects are considered past tense**.
@ -177,7 +187,8 @@ Notice that even though you might be talking about future events, for the <Link
It is 👉 **extremely common and useful** 👈 to use the future equative to make guesses or presumptions about events being done currently. This is often used in conversation to throw out guesses or estimates, or even ask questions about what might have happened.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "تا به دا کتاب لیدلی وي",
f: "taa ba daa kitaab leedúley wee",
@ -198,7 +209,8 @@ It is 👉 **extremely common and useful** 👈 to use the future equative to ma
f: "baazaar ke kho ba de leedúley yum",
e: "Well surely you will have seen me in the bazar",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
With this form of perfect people often add an emphatic <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "خو", f: "kho" }} /> in the <KidsSection />.
@ -211,7 +223,8 @@ With this form of perfect people often add an emphatic <InlinePs opts={opts} ps=
The past perfect is used to say that an event **had been done in the past**. For instance, if you are explaining some events in that past, you can use this to that some event **had been done** back at that point in time.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "تا هغه مخکې **لیدلی و**؟",
f: "taa haghá mukhke **leedúley wo**?",
@ -227,7 +240,8 @@ The past perfect is used to say that an event **had been done in the past**. For
f: "zu staa kor ta ráaghlum, kho tu baazaar ta **tlúley we**.",
e: "I came to your house, but you **had gone** to the bazar.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## "Would be" Perfect
@ -243,7 +257,8 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#would-be-equative">"would be
- to say the outcome of a hypothetical conditions
- to say that an event should have happened
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "هغه به مخکې دلته راغلې وه.",
f: "haghá ba mukhke dălta raaghúle wa",
@ -254,7 +269,8 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#would-be-equative">"would be
f: "ku zu khabúr waay, no **zu ba raaghúley wum**.",
e: "If I had known, I (m.) would have come.",
}
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## Past Subjunctive Perfect
@ -269,7 +285,8 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#past-subjunctive">past subju
- If you wish an event were done
- If an event should have been done/was necessary in the past
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "ته باید وختي راغلی وای",
f: "tu baayad wakhtee raaghúley waay",
@ -295,7 +312,8 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#past-subjunctive">past subju
f: "kaashke maa daa peyse nu waay akhíste",
e: "I wish I hadn't taken that money!",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## "Would have been" Perfect
@ -309,7 +327,8 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#would-have-been-equative">"w
- If some hypothetical condition were true, an event *would have been* done
- Some event should have been done, it would have been good if some event was done
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "که ما پیسې درلودای، نو **نوي کالي به مې اخستي وای**",
f: "ku maa peyse darlodaay, no **nuwee kaalee ba me akhiste waay**",
@ -320,7 +339,8 @@ Just like the <Link to="/equatives/other-equatives/#would-have-been-equative">"w
f: "no tu ba raaghúle waay ku nu!",
e: "Ah, you (f.) should have come!",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={perfectGameOne} />

1
src/content/verbs/future-verbs.mdx
View File

@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
Examples,
InlinePs,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
import { KidsSection } from "../../components/terms-links";
import cousins from "./cousins.png";
import psmd from "../../lib/psmd";
import Link from "../../components/Link";

54
src/content/verbs/imperative-verbs.mdx
View File

@ -81,68 +81,80 @@ For Pashto learners, having a choice between the perfective and imperfective imp
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "وریژې **خوره**",
f: "wreejze **khorá**",
e: "Eat rice",
sub: "(in general, it's good for you)",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "وریژې **وخوره**",
f: "wreejze **óokhora**",
e: "Eat rice",
sub: "(one time)",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **لېږه**!",
f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **leGá**!",
e: "Send me pictures of the village!",
sub: "(send me pictures every once and awhile)",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "د کلي عکسونه راته **ولېږه**!",
f: "du kulee aksoona raa-ta **óoleGa**!",
e: "Send me pictures of the village!",
sub: "(send me a bunch of pictures in one clump, at one time)",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**",
f: "taaso halta **kenéyy**",
e: "You sit there",
sub: "(in general, whenever you come)"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "تاسو هلته **کېنئ**",
f: "taaso halta **kéneyy**",
e: "You sit there",
sub: "(one time, in one instance sit)"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -169,14 +181,18 @@ You will notice there are only two <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#imperative-ver
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "ته راځه!", f: "tu raadzá!", e: "You come!" }
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "تاسو راځئ!", f: "taaso radzéyy!", e: "You (pl.) come!" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -197,11 +213,13 @@ You will notice there are only two <Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#imperative-ver
With this form, you can't specify whether you're talking about about the action in a <i className="fas fa-camera" /> perfective or <i className="fas fa-video" /> imperfective way. You're just saying "don't do it!", either one time or in general.
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "مه راځه!", f: "mú raadza", e: "Don't come!" },
{ p: "وریژې مه خوره!", f: "wreejze mú khora!", e: "Don't eat rice!" },
{ p: "عکسونه راته مه لېږه!", f: "aksoona raa-ta mú leGa!", e: "Don't send me pictures!" },
{ p: "تاسو هلته مه کېنئ!", f: "taaso halta mú keneyy!", e: "Don't sit there!" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
Just like with the negative particle <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> that we used with other verb forms, the negative <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "مه", f: "mú" }} /> marker also takes over the accent of the verb.

30
src/content/verbs/negative.mdx
View File

@ -24,23 +24,28 @@ To make verbs negative, we use a negative <BlockTerm />.
The negative goes in front of the verb block at the end of a <VP />.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "زه ښار ته نه ځم", f: "zu xaar ta nú dzum", e: "I'm not going to the city" },
{ p: "هغه عربي نه زده کوي", f: "haghá arabee nu zda kawee", e: "He's not learning Arabic" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
With the perfective roots and stems, if we have a <PerfectiveHead /> of <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo" }} /> or <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "وا", f: "waa" }} />, the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" , e: "not" }} /> always goes *after* the <PerfectiveHead /> block.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "زه ورسره وغږېدم", f: "zu wăr-sara óoghuGedum", e: "I talked with him" },
{ p: "زه ورسره ونه غږېدم", f: "zu wăr-sara oo-nú ghuGedum", e: "I talked with him", sub: "negative block always goes after the perfective head" },
{ p: "ما کتابچه واخسته", f: "maa kitaabchaa wáakhista", e: "I took the booklet" },
{ p: "ما کتابچه وانه خسته", f: "maa kitaabchaa wáa-nu khista", e: "I didn't take the booklet", sub: "negative block always goes after the perfective head" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
But if it's one of those verbs that don't take the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "oo" }} /> prefix where the <PerfectiveHead /> is made from splitting off the first syllable of the word, you can put the negative after the perfective head *or* before it.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "هغه کور ته لاړه", f: "haghá kor ta láaRa", e: "She went home" },
{ p: "هغه کور ته لانه ړه", f: "haghá kor ta laa-nú-Ra", e: "She didn't go home", sub: "negative block after the perfective head" },
{ p: "هغه کور ته نه لانه ړه", f: "haghá kor ta nú laaRa", e: "She didn't go home", sub: "negative block before the perfective head" },
@ -49,7 +54,8 @@ But if it's one of those verbs that don't take the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta nú kenum?", e: "Do I not sit here? (present)", sub: "no perfective head, negative block before verb block" },
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنم؟", f: "zu dălta nú kenum?", e: ":Should I not sit here? (subjunctive)", sub: "negative block before the perfective head" },
{ p: "زه دلته نه کېنه نم؟", f: "zu dălta ke-nú num?", e: "Should I not sit here? (subjunctive)", subj: "negative block after the perfective head" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
Notice how with verbs like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "کېناستل", f: "kenaastúl", e: "" }} /> the only thing indicating a difference between the perfective and imperfective forms is the accent, and therefore when we add the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú", e: "" }} /> we have no way of telling if a verb was perfective or imperfective, because the <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú", e: "" }} /> took over the accent.
@ -57,14 +63,18 @@ With stative compounds the complement and verb are considered one or two blocks
With the <i className="fas fa-video" /> **imperfective** aspect, the complement and verb are fused together and considered one indivisable block, so the negative goes before that whole verb block.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "ما پښتو نه زده کوله", f: "maa puxto nú zda kawula", e: "I wasn't learning Pashto" },
{ p: "هغه ما نه ستړی کوي", f: "hagha maa nú stuRey kawee", e: "He's not making me (m.) tired" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
In the <i className="fas fa-camera" /> **perfective** aspect, however the complement breaks out and acts as a <PerfectiveHead />, so the negative goes after it.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "ما پښتو زده نه کړه", f: "maa puxto zda nú kRa", e: "I didn't learn Pashto" },
{ p: "چې هغه ما نه ستړی نه کړي", f: "che haghá maa stuRey nú kRee", e: "I hope he doesn't make me (m.) tired" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>

138
src/content/verbs/passive-voice.mdx
View File

@ -38,62 +38,74 @@ Transitive verbs in Pashto can be used in the [passive voice](https://en.wikiped
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "زه کتاب لیکم",
f: "zu kitáab leekúm",
e: "I (subject) am writing a book (object)",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "کتاب لیکل کېږي",
f: "kitáab leekul kéGee",
e: "A book (subject) is being written",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "هغوي پښټو وايي",
f: "haghwée puxto waayee",
e: "They (subject) are speaking Pashto (object)",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "پښتو وایل کېږي",
f: "puxto waayul kéGee",
e: "Pashto (subject) is spoken",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
e: "I (subject) ate food (object)",
}
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ډوډۍ وخوړل شوه",
f: "DoDúy óokhoRul shwa",
e: "Food (subject) was eaten",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -279,9 +291,11 @@ So now we can use the *imperfective stem* of these passive roots and stems:
and say something like:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Subjunctive
@ -301,23 +315,29 @@ So let's take our passive *perfective stem*:
and say...
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"subjunctiveVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Future
We could do this same process for the future tense, using the imperfective and perfective roots to make the imperfective future,
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
and the perfective future:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectiveFuture","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Past
@ -338,9 +358,11 @@ So we can grab the *perfective root*:
and make a phrase like,
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
The <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past">continuous past</Link> is made with the formula:
@ -359,49 +381,67 @@ So we can grab the *imperfective root*:
and make a phrase like,
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Perfect
Also same thing for making perfect forms, just follow <Link to="/verbs/perfect-verbs-intro/#how-to-make-perfect-tenses-">the same formula as we learned before</Link>. (<samp>Past participle + Equative</samp>)
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.519783070125974,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9491826191102801,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11623,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"imperfectivePast","perfectTense":"pastPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
So we see that to make verb forms in the passive forms we **follow all the same formulas as we did with the active voice**, but just using these new <Link to="/verbs/passive-voice#making-passive-roots-and-stems">passive roots and stems</Link>.
## Examples
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9602675508776706,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527813371,"i":4488,"p":"جنګ","f":"jang","g":"jang","e":"war, fight, battle","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.6084120330077722,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812342,"i":5677,"p":"خلک","f":"khalk","g":"khalk","e":"people, nation, populace","c":"n. m. pl."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.6207988383591703,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527814862,"i":14386,"p":"وژل","f":"wajzul","g":"wajzul","e":"to kill, slaughter","c":"v. trans. irreg.","psp":"وژن","psf":"wajzn","tppp":"واژه","tppf":"waajzu","ec":"kill"}},"verbTense":"presentVerb","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"basic","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"passive","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts}>
{
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## Difference between passive and intransitive
@ -409,27 +449,31 @@ It's easy to confuse the **passive voice of transitive verbs** and **intransitiv
For example, using the intransitive verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پخېدل", f: "pakhedúl", e: "to be cooked" }} /> we can say:
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "پلاو پخېږي",
f: "pulaaw pakhéGee",
e: "The pulaw is cooking",
sub: "It's sitting in the pot, boiling and becoming ready 🤤",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
With the **intrnansitive verb**, we're just describing the cooking process that the pulaw is going through.
But if we use the **passive voice of the transitive verb** <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "پخول", f: "pakhawul", e: "to cook" }} />, then we get a *slightly* different meaning. Then we are saying that it is *being cooked*, ie. there is some unmentioned actor working on it.
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "پلاو پخول کېږي",
f: "pulaaw pakhawul kéGee",
e: "The pulaw is being cooked",
sub: "Someone is cooking it / it's being worked on 👨‍🍳",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
## Passive Voice in Dialects
@ -459,7 +503,8 @@ But in other dialects the roots and stems have a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p:
Here are some examples using this kind of dialect:
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "کتاب لیکلی کېږي",
f: "kitaab leekuley kéGee",
@ -475,4 +520,5 @@ Here are some examples using this kind of dialect:
f: "tu leeduley shúwey ye",
e: "You (m.) have been seen",
},
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>

84
src/content/verbs/past-verbs.mdx
View File

@ -91,13 +91,15 @@ Notice how when you can use the *short or the long* version of the roots.
The simple past tense is also used with <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "چې...", f: "che..." }} /> clauses to talk about **if/when something happens in the future**.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "چې ستا ملګری **پیدا شو**، نو ما خبر کړه.",
f: "ku staa malgúrey **peydaa sho**, no maa khabur kRa.",
e: "If/when you friend shows up, let me know.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={intransitivePerfectivePastVerbGame1} />
@ -154,21 +156,29 @@ The tenses (simple and continous past) stay the same and the formulas for making
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
</Formula>
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<GameDisplay record={transitivePerfectivePastVerbGame1} />
@ -181,21 +191,29 @@ The tenses (simple and continous past) stay the same and the formulas for making
<Link to="/verbs/verb-endings/#past-verb-endings">Past verb ending</Link>
</Formula>
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<GameDisplay record={transitiveImperfectivePastVerbGame1} />
@ -223,10 +241,12 @@ With the habitual simple past (AKA habitual perfective past), we are talking abo
<Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#simple-past-i-classnamefas-fa-camera-">simple past</Link>
</Formula>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما به ناوخته ډوډۍ وخوړله", f: "maa ba naawakhta DoDuy óokhoRula", e: "I would eat late", sub: "I would repeatedly/habitually eat my meals at a late time - thinking of eating the meal as a complete event that got done" },
{ p: "مونږ به دلته کېناستو", f: "moonG ba dalta kénaastoo", e: "We would sit down here", sub: "We would repeatedly/habitually sit down at this spot - thinking of the sitting down as a one-time action we did each time" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
### Habitual Continuous Past
@ -241,17 +261,21 @@ With the habitual continuous past (AKA habitual imperfective past), we are talki
<Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#continuous-past-i-classnamefas-fa-video-">continuous past</Link>
</Formula>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ما به ناوخته ډوډۍ خوړله", f: "maa ba naawakhta DoDuy khoRúla", e: "I would eat late", sub: "I would repeatedly/habitually eat my meals at a late time - thinking of eating as a process that happened repeatedly" },
{ p: "مونږ به دلته کېناستو", f: "moonG ba dalta kenaastóo", e: "We would sit down here", sub: "We would repeatedly/habitually sit down at this spot - thinking of the sitting down as an activity / process where we would sit together and spend time here habitually" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
The habitual continuous past is **also used to say what would happen if some condition were true.**
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "**که ته دلته وای، **مونږ به ډوډۍ خوړله", f: "ku tu dalta waay, **moonG ba DoDuy khoRúla**", e: "If you were here, **we would eat food**." },
{ p: "**که زه ستړې نه وای، **پارک ته به تلم", f: "ku zu stuRe nu waay, **paark ta ba tlum**", e: "If I (f.) wasn't tired, **I would go to the park**." }
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={habitualPastVerbGame1} />

96
src/content/verbs/perfect-verbs-intro.mdx
View File

@ -51,14 +51,16 @@ With the <Link to="/verbs/past-verbs/#simple-past-i-classnamefas-fa-camera-">sim
<img src={simplePast} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
</div>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما ډوډۍ وخوړله",
f: "maa DoDúy óokhoRula",
e: "I ate food (simple past)",
sub: "meaning: I chewed and swallowed the food."
}
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
With a **perfect** tense, we're talking about the **result of an event**. We're saying that something has happened, and therefore there's an effect on the situation.
@ -66,14 +68,16 @@ With a **perfect** tense, we're talking about the **result of an event**. We're
<img src={presentPerfect} alt="" className="img-fluid" />
</div>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{
p: "ما ډوډۍ خوړلې ده",
f: "maa DoDúy khoRúle da",
e: "I've eaten food (perfect)",
sub: "meaning: I am full now."
}
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
## How to make perfect tenses 🧪
@ -90,9 +94,11 @@ Earlier we talked about how <EP text="equatives" /> and <VP text="verbs" /> are
To make the perfect forms we take the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/#the-past-participle">past participle</Link> of the verb and **add an equative block** next to it. For example, with the verb <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "تلل", f: "tlul", e: "to go" }} /> we could say:
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
Now instead of one verb block, we have **two blocks** that have to agree with the king <KingIcon /> of the <VP />.
@ -160,9 +166,11 @@ The past participle will always follow the <Link to="/inflection/inflection-patt
So this sentence will change slightly if a woman says it.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
In that case the king, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I" }} />, will be *feminine*, so:
@ -177,9 +185,11 @@ How would we say "*We* have gone" ? Try to make this sentence by making the two
<details>
<summary>Show Answer</summary>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
</details>
@ -202,17 +212,23 @@ Also, you can <Link to="/phrase-structure/shortening-vps/">shorten these VPs</Li
### Intransitive Examples
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8079406878333233,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.23472051857740772,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2536,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.886370288897965,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9219,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.8079406878333233,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.23472051857740772,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"سره","f":"sara"},"e":"with","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527815177,"i":2536,"p":"پلار","f":"plaar","g":"plaar","e":"father","c":"n. m. anim."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.886370288897965,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813680,"i":9219,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to speak, talk, converse, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke,spoken"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9075416982120486,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.28604648139292244,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"نه","f":"na"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822092,"i":4766,"p":"چت","f":"chat","g":"chat","e":"roof, ceiling, awning, deck","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.48162044574550333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11589,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9075416982120486,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.28604648139292244,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"له","f":"la"},"after":{"p":"نه","f":"na"},"e":"from","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527822092,"i":4766,"p":"چت","f":"chat","g":"chat","e":"roof, ceiling, awning, deck","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}},{"key":0.48162044574550333,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813994,"i":11589,"p":"لوېدل","f":"lwedul","g":"lwedul","e":"to fall, to tumble, go down, settle","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"fall,falls,falling,fell,fallen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5572202015592207,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10545,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.3374492151395745,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9314743458918573,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813710,"i":7321,"p":"زېږېدل","f":"zeGedul","g":"zegedul","e":"to be born, to appear, arise","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"be","ep":"born"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.5572202015592207,"block":{"type":"AP","selection":{"type":"sandwich","before":{"p":"په","f":"pu"},"after":{"p":"کې","f":"ke"},"e":"in","inside":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812828,"i":10545,"p":"کور","f":"kor","g":"kor","e":"house, home","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}}},{"key":0.3374492151395745,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"singular","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.9314743458918573,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527813710,"i":7321,"p":"زېږېدل","f":"zeGedul","g":"zegedul","e":"to be born, to appear, arise","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"be","ep":"born"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}
</EditableVPEx>
### Transitive Examples
@ -222,25 +238,35 @@ With transitive verbs everything works the same, but we follow the <Link to="/ph
2. The *object* is king <KingIcon />
- The two verb blocks (past participle and equative) will agree with the *object*
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16283326329910142,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":1,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.934824319231268,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":3,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11611,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.16283326329910142,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812797,"i":8621,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}},{"key":0.934824319231268,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":6,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812275,"i":11611,"p":"لیدل","f":"leedul","g":"leedul","e":"to see","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","psp":"وین","psf":"ween","tppp":"لید","tppf":"leed","ec":"see,sees,seeing,saw,seen"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.10982560050266565,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.41532608310706687,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527816299,"i":2903,"p":"پیسې","f":"peyse","g":"peyse","e":"money (plural of پېسې)","c":"n. f. pl."},"gender":"fem","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":false,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815273,"i":8464,"p":"شمېرل","f":"shmerul","g":"shmerul","e":"to count","c":"v. trans.","ec":"count"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.740132092191961,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":5,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.47712578068366907,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812817,"i":10014,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":false,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[]}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527812856,"i":11633,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write, draw","c":"v. trans./gramm. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,written"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":true,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} formChoice>
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.48107357509198234,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"noun","entry":{"ts":1527812881,"i":11710,"p":"ماشوم","f":"maashoom","g":"maashoom","e":"child, kid","c":"n. m. anim. unisex","ec":"child","ep":"children"},"gender":"masc","genderCanChange":true,"number":"plural","numberCanChange":true,"adjectives":[],"possesor":{"np":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":2,"distance":"far"}},"shrunken":false}}}}},{"key":0.8253773159904139,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815399,"i":14484,"p":"وهل","f":"wahul","g":"wahul","e":"to hit","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"واهه","tppf":"waahu","ec":"hit,hits,hitting,hit,hit"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"transitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":true,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<GameDisplay record={intransitivePresentPerfectGameOne} />
@ -252,13 +278,17 @@ With transitive verbs everything works the same, but we follow the <Link to="/ph
To make perfect forms negative you add a <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú", e: "" }} /> block, just as you would with any other verb. But interestingly, **the past participle and equative blocks switch places**.
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":false,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">{
<EditableVPEx opts={opts} mode="blocks">
{
{"blocks":[{"key":0.9450165572504559,"block":{"type":"subjectSelection","selection":{"type":"NP","selection":{"type":"pronoun","person":0,"distance":"far"}}}},{"key":0.9846690662896809,"block":{"type":"objectSelection","selection":"none"}}],"verb":{"type":"verb","verb":{"entry":{"ts":1527815348,"i":3656,"p":"تلل","f":"tlul","g":"tlul","e":"to go","c":"v. intrans. irreg.","psp":"ځ","psf":"dz","ssp":"لاړ ش","ssf":"láaR sh","prp":"لاړ","prf":"láaR","ec":"go,goes,going,went,gone"}},"verbTense":"perfectivePast","perfectTense":"presentPerfect","imperativeTense":"imperfectiveImperative","tenseCategory":"perfect","transitivity":"intransitive","isCompound":false,"voice":"active","negative":true,"canChangeTransitivity":false,"canChangeVoice":false,"canChangeStatDyn":false},"form":{"removeKing":false,"shrinkServant":false}}
}</EditableVPEx>
}
</EditableVPEx>
You can also say the negative without swapping the order of the past participle and equative, for example <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "زه تللی نه یم", f: "zu tlúley nú yum" }} /> but that makes it more emphatically negative, kind of like if you were to say, "I have **NOT** gone" in a loud voice.

18
src/content/verbs/present-verbs.mdx
View File

@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ Here are some examples of how the present form is used in different situations:
### Happens generally
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "مونږ هره ورځ چای **سکو**.",
f: "moonG hăra wradz chaay **skoo**.",
@ -86,11 +87,13 @@ Here are some examples of how the present form is used in different situations:
f: "tu la marga **weréGe**?",
e: "**Are** you **afraid** of death?"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Is currently happening
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "نن شپه ستوري **ځلېږي**.",
f: "nun shpa storee **dzaléGee**.",
@ -111,17 +114,20 @@ Here are some examples of how the present form is used in different situations:
f: "tu tsu **kawe**?",
e: "What **are** you **doing**?"
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Is definately about to happen
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{
p: "**هغه نن **راځي.",
f: "haghá nun **raadzée**.",
e: "**He's coming** today.",
},
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
<GameDisplay record={presentVerbGame1} />

15
src/content/verbs/roots-and-stems.mdx
View File

@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
title: 🌳 Roots and Stems
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {
@ -193,9 +184,11 @@ The negative <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" , e: "not" }} /> is
When one of these negatives is used **it always takes over the accent from the verb**.
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "دتله **کېنه**", f: "dălta **kéna**", e: "sit here" },
{ p: "دلته **مه کېنه**", f: "dălta **mú kena**", e: "don't sit here" },
{ p: "زه ورسره **غږېدم**", f: "zu wăr-sara **ghuGedúm**", e: "I was talking with him" },
{ p: "زه ورسره **نه غږېدم**", f: "zu wăr-sara **nú ghuGedum**", e: "I was talking with him" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>

24
src/content/verbs/subjunctive-verbs.mdx
View File

@ -61,39 +61,47 @@ The subjunctive is made the same way as its cousin the <Link to="/verbs/present-
### Should or shouldn't
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "زه یې واخلم؟", f: "zu ye **wáakhlum?**", e: "Should I take it?" },
{ p: "هغه دې **راشي**.", f: "haghá de **ráashee**.", e: "He should come." },
{ p: "ډوډۍ **وخورو**؟", f: "DoDuy **óokhoroo**?", e: "Should we eat food?" },
{ p: "په کار دی چې مونږ انګیلسي **زده کړو**.", f: "pu kaar dey che moonG ingleesee **zdá kRoo**.", e: "We need to learn English." },
{ p: "چې ورسره خبرې **و**نه **کړې**!", f: "che wăr-sara khabure **oo**-nú-**kRe**!", e: "You'd better not talk to him!" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
**Note**: the subjunctive can be used almost like an imperative in situations like this.
### Possibility
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "امکان شته چې **لاړ شي**.", f: "imkaan shta che **láaR shee**.", e: "There's a possibility that he'll go." },
{ p: "شاید هغه نن **ووینم**.", f: "shaayid haghá nun **óoweenum**.", e: "Maybe I'll see him today." },
{ p: "کېدی شي چې پولیس یې **ونیسي**.", f: "kedey shee che polees ye **óoneesee**", e: "The police could catch him." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Purpose
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "هغه ورو ورو خبرې کوي، چې **پوه شي**.", f: "haghá wro wro khabure kawee, che **póh shee**.", e: "She speaks slowly so that she'll understand." },
{ p: "زه ورته کتابونه ورکوم، چې **و**یې **لولي**.", f: "zu wăr-ta kitaaboona wăr-kawum, che **óo**-ye-**lwulee**.", e: "I'm giving him books so that he'll read them." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
**Note**: Because the subjunctive is made from the perfect stem, the front part of it (usually <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "و", f: "óo" }} />) can be split off and you can put little particles like <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} />, <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "هم", f: "hum" }} />, and <Link to="/pronouns/pronouns-mini/">mini-pronouns</Link> in between it and the rest of the verb. See the <Link to="/verbs/roots-and-stems/">verb trees</Link> 🌳 and click on the split button to see where this split happens.
When you use the negative <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> particle, it <strong>always</strong> has to go in this split. (And <InlinePs opts={opts} ps={{ p: "نه", f: "nú" }} /> always takes over the emphasis/accent on the word.)
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: "هغه وتړه چې **و**نه **تښتي**.", f: "hagha óotaRa che **oo**-nú-**tuxtee**.", e: "Tie him up so that he doesn't escape." },
{ p: "کړګۍ بنده کړه چې هوا دننه **را**نه **شي**", f: "kiRkúy banda kRa che hawaa dununa **raa**-nú-**shee**", e: "Close the window so the air doesn't come inside." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## With Subordinate Clauses

48
src/content/verbs/verb-aspect.mdx
View File

@ -42,10 +42,12 @@ The imperfective <i className="fas fa-video" /> aspect is used for looking at t
For example:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `ما ډوډۍ **خوړله**`, f: `maa DoDuy **khoRúla**`, e: "I was eating food" },
{ p: `زه په پارک کې **ګرځېدم**`, f: `zu pu paark ke **gurdzedúm**`, e: "I was walking in the park" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
### Perfective Aspect
@ -57,10 +59,12 @@ The perfective <i className="fas fa-camera" /> aspect is used for looking at th
For example:
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `ما ډوډۍ **وخوړله**`, f: `maa DoDuy **óokhoRula**`, e: "I ate food" },
{ p: `زه په پارک کې **وګرځېدم**`, f: `zu pu paark ke **óogurdzedum**`, e: "I took a walk in the park" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
## Pashto Uses Aspects Everywhere!
@ -78,14 +82,18 @@ For example, when making commands in Pashto we have to choose which aspect we ar
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `خبله کوټه **صفا کوه**!`, f: `khpula koTa **safaa kawa**`, e: "Clean your room!" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `خبله کوټه **صفا کړه**!`, f: `khpula koTa **safaa kRa**!`, e: "Clean your room!" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -107,14 +115,18 @@ Or when talking about things in the future tense, we face the same choice of asp
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `مونږ به **کېنو** او **خبرې کوو**`, f: `moonG ba **keenóo** aw **khabure kawoo**`, e: "We'll sit and talk" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `مونږ به **کېنو** او **خبرې وکړو**`, f: `moonG ba **kéenoo** aw **khabure ookRoo**`, e: "We'll sit and talk" },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -136,14 +148,18 @@ Even when talking about ability in the past tense, you still have to choose an a
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `هغه له کوره **وتلی شوه**`, f: `haghá la kora **watuley shwa**`, e: "She was able to leave the house." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{psmd([
<Examples opts={opts}>
{psmd([
{ p: `هغه له کوره **ووتلی شوه**`, f: `haghá la kora **óowatuley shwa**`, e: "She was able to leave the house." },
])}</Examples>
])}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>

9
src/content/verbs/verb-endings.mdx
View File

@ -2,16 +2,7 @@
title: Verb Endings
---
<!--
Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
The content of the chapters/book is licensed by a
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
-->
import {

6
src/content/writing/diacritics.mdx
View File

@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ In order to deal with these ambiguities in the Arabic script, little **optional*
The most common diacritic marking you will see is a little ◌ٔ (hamza) above the ـه on the end of the word. This is because the ـه at the end of a word can represent any short vowel (a, i, u, U), but most Pashto words will either end with "a" or "u" on the end. When written with an (optional) little hamza on the end (ـهٔ), it indicates that **the shwa sound "u" is being used, not "a."**
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "ته", f: "ta", e: "to" },
{ p: "تهٔ", f: "tu", e: "you" },
{ p: "کارګهٔ", f: "kaargu", e: "crow" },
{ p: "ویدهٔ", f: "weedu", e: "asleep (masc.)" },
{ p: "ویده", f: "weeda", e: "asleep (fem.)" },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
It's more common to see this being used in Pakistan. You don't need to use it, but if you do, the word *must* end with a "u" sound.

36
src/content/writing/the-five-yeys.mdx
View File

@ -324,14 +324,18 @@ One very common mistake in Pakistan is the use of ے instead of ې. This might b
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "د زپې او لهجې په حواله به خبرې کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
<td>
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "د زپې او لهجے په حواله به خبرے کېږي", f: "du jzube aw lahje pu hawaala ba khabure keGee", e: "There will be talk about language and dialect" }
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -341,36 +345,44 @@ One very common mistake in Pakistan is the use of ے instead of ې. This might b
##### Standard Afghan
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځای شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړی کابل ته رسېدی شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وايي، زما خاوند کوچی دی، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
##### Pakistani with ي
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شي، غر ترې جوړ شي", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شي", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچي ښځه وائي، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
##### Pakistani with ی
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چې یو ځائ شی، غر ترې جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچۍ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسۍ کې کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>
##### Old Pakistani
<Examples opts={opts}>{[
<Examples opts={opts}>
{[
{ p: "دانه دانه چه یو ځائ شی، غر ترے جوړ شی", f: "daana daana che yo dzaay shee, ghur tre joR shee" },
{ p: "په پوښتنه پوښتنه سړے کابل ته رسېدے شی", f: "pu poxtuna poxtuna, saRey kaabul ta rasedey shee" },
{ p: `د کوچی ښځه وائی، زما خاوند کوچے دے، او زه هم کوچئ یم `, f: `du kochee xudza waayee, zmaa khaawund kochéy dey, aw zu hum kochúy yum.` },
{ p: `تاسو کرسئ کے کېنئ`, f: `taaso kUrsúy ke keneyy` },
]}</Examples>
]}
</Examples>

1
src/games/GamesBrowser.tsx
View File

@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
import games from "./games";
import { useUser } from "../user-context";
import Link from "../components/Link";
// @ts-ignore
import SmoothCollapse from "react-smooth-collapse";
import {
AT,

30
src/index.js
View File

@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
import { StrictMode } from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './App';
import * as serviceWorkerRegistration from './serviceWorkerRegistration';
import { BrowserRouter as Router } from "react-router-dom";
import { UserProvider} from "./user-context";
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css";
import "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free/css/all.css";
import reportWebVitals from './reportWebVitals';
ReactDOM.render(
<StrictMode>
<Router>
<UserProvider>
<App />
</UserProvider>
</Router>
</StrictMode>,
document.getElementById('root')
);
// If you want your app to work offline and load faster, you can change
// unregister() to register() below. Note this comes with some pitfalls.
// Learn more about service workers: https://cra.link/PWA
serviceWorkerRegistration.register();
// If you want to start measuring performance in your app, pass a function
// to log results (for example: reportWebVitals(console.log))
// or send to an analytics endpoint. Learn more: https://bit.ly/CRA-vitals
reportWebVitals();

718
src/lib/oldtestsuite.txt
View File

@ -1,718 +0,0 @@
import {
equativeMachine,
EquativeMachineOutput,
SubjectInput,
PredicateInput,
ParticipleInput,
assembleEquativeOutput,
} from "./equative-machine";
import {
Types as T,
} from "@lingdocs/ps-react";
// INPUTS
// Person (pronoun) - subject only
// Noun - subject/predicate
// Unisex Noun - subject/predicate
// Adjective - predicate only
// Participle - subject/predicate
// COMBINATIONS
// Subject | Predicate
// ---------------------------
// Person | Noun
// Person | Unisex Noun ✔
// Person | Adjective ✔
// Person | Participle ✔
// Noun | Noun ✔
// Noun | Adjective ✔
// Plural Noun | Adjective ✔
// Noun | Participle ✔
// Noun | Specified Unisex Noun ✔
// Specified Unisex Noun | Noun ✔
// Specified Unisex Noun | Adjective ✔
// Specified Unisex Noun | Participle ✔
// Participle | Noun ✔
// Participle | Adjective ✔
// Participle | Participle ✔
// Participle | Specified Unisex noun ✔
// TODO: allow unisex subject inputs male or female!
const abilities: {
label: string,
tests: {
in: {
subject: SubjectInput,
predicate: PredicateInput,
tense: EquativeTense,
},
out: EquativeMachineOutput,
}[],
}[] = [
{
label: "SUBJECT: Person PREDICATE: Adjective",
tests: [
// -- inflecting adjectives
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.FirstSingMale,
predicate: {"ts":1527815306,"i":7530,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I (m.)" }],
predicate: [{ p: "ستړی", f: "stúRey", e: "tired" }],
equative: [{ p: "یم", f: "yum", e: "am" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.SecondPlurFemale,
predicate: {"ts":1527815306,"i":7530,"p":"ستړی","f":"stúRey","g":"stuRey","e":"tired","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "تاسو", f: "táaso", e: "You (f. pl.)" }, { p: "تاسې", f: "táase", e: "You (f. pl.)"}],
predicate: [{ p: "ستړې", f: "stúRe", e: "tired" }],
equative: [{ p: "یئ", f: "yeyy", e: "are" }],
},
},
// -- non-inflecting adjectives
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.ThirdSingFemale,
predicate: {"ts":1527812798,"i":5595,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "هغه", f: "haghá", e: "She/it (f.)" }],
predicate: [{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad" }],
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Person PREDICATE: Unisex Noun",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.FirstSingFemale,
predicate: {"ts":1591872915426,"i":696,"p":"افغانی","f":"afghaanéy","g":"afghaaney","e":"Afghan (person)","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "زه", f: "zu", e: "I (f.)" }],
predicate: [{ p: "افغانۍ", f: "afghaanúy", e: "(a/the) Afghan" }],
equative: [{ p: "یم", f: "yum", e: "am" }],
}
},
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.FirstPlurFemale,
predicate: {"ts":1591872915426,"i":696,"p":"افغانی","f":"afghaanéy","g":"afghaaney","e":"Afghan (person)","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "مونږ", f: "moonG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }, { p: "موږ", f: "mooG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }],
predicate: [
{ p: "افغانیانې", f: "afghaaniyáane", e: "(the) Afghans" },
{ p: "افغانۍ", f: "afghaanúy", e: "(the) Afghans" },
],
equative: [{ p: "یو", f: "yoo", e: "are" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.FirstPlurFemale,
predicate: {"ts":1527814779,"i":935,"p":"انسان","f":"insaan","g":"insaan","e":"human, person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "مونږ", f: "moonG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }, { p: "موږ", f: "mooG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }],
predicate: [{ p: "انسانانې", f: "insaanáane", e: "(the) humans" }, { p: "انسانې", f: "insaane", e: "(the) humans" }],
equative: [{ p: "یو", f: "yoo", e: "are" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.SecondSingFemale,
predicate: {"ts":1527814779,"i":935,"p":"انسان","f":"insaan","g":"insaan","e":"human, person","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as UnisexNoun,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "You (f.)" }],
predicate: [{ p: "انسانه", f: "insaana", e: "(a/the) human" }],
equative: [{ p: "یې", f: "ye", e: "are" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Adjective",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دی", f: "dey", e: "is" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(The) books" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527812797,"i":8542,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f. anim.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "ښځه", f: "xúdza", e: "(A/The) woman" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زړه", f: "zaRa", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527812797,"i":8542,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f. anim.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "ښځې", f: "xúdze", e: "(The) women" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زړې", f: "zaRe", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
},
},
// non-inflecting adjective as predicate
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527812797,"i":8542,"p":"ښځه","f":"xúdza","g":"xudza","e":"woman, wife","c":"n. f. anim.","ec":"woman","ep":"women"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527812798,"i":5595,"p":"خفه","f":"khufa","g":"khufa","e":"sad, upset, angry; choked, suffocated","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "ښځې", f: "xúdze", e: "(The) women" }],
predicate: [{ p: "خفه", f: "khufa", e: "sad" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Plural Noun Predicate: Adjective",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527815008,"i":8433,"p":"شودې","f":"shoodé","g":"shoode","e":"milk","c":"n. f. pl."} as PluralNounEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527812796,"i":8578,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "شودې", f: "shoodé", e: "(The) milk" }],
predicate: [{ p: "ښې", f: "xe", e: "good" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527817330,"i":9204,"p":"غنم","f":"ghanúm","g":"ghanum","e":"wheat","c":"n. m. pl."} as PluralNounEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7192,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "غنم", f: "ghanúm", e: "(The) wheat" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Adjective",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {"ts":1527812790,"i":5747,"p":"خوړل","f":"khoRul","g":"khoRul","e":"to eat, to bite","c":"v. trans.","psp":"خور","psf":"khor","tppp":"خوړ","tppf":"khoR","ec":"eat"} as ParticipleInput,
predicate: {"ts":1527812796,"i":8578,"p":"ښه","f":"xu","g":"xu","e":"good","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "خوړل", f: "khoRul", e: "eating" }],
predicate: [{ p: "ښه", f: "xu", e: "good" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: {"ts":1527817298,"i":310,"p":"اخیستل","f":"akheestul","g":"akheestul","e":"to take, buy, purchase, receive; to shave, cut with scissors","c":"v. trans.","psp":"اخل","psf":"akhl","ec":"take,takes,taking,took,taken"} as ParticipleInput,
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "اخیستل", f: "akheestul", e: "taking" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
{
in: {
subject: {"ts":1527816854,"i":4365,"p":"جګېدل","f":"jugedul, jigedul","g":"jugedul,jigedul","e":"to get up, be raised up","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527812707,"ec":"get, gets, getting, got, gotten","ep":"up"} as ParticipleInput,
predicate: {"ts":1527815246,"i":7591,"p":"سخت","f":"sakht","g":"sakht","e":"hard, difficult","c":"adj."} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "جګېدل", f: "jugedul", e: "getting up" }],
predicate: [{ p: "سخت", f: "sakht", e: "hard" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Person PREDICATE: Participle",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: T.Person.SecondSingMale,
predicate: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "ته", f: "tu", e: "You (m.)" }],
predicate: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
}
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Noun",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527813477,"i":5790,"p":"خوشحالي","f":"khosh`haalee","g":"khoshhaalee","e":"happiness, joy","c":"n. f."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {
entry: {"ts":1527812788,"i":5729,"p":"خوراک","f":"khoráak, khwaráak","g":"khoraak,khwaraak","e":"food","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "خوشحالي", f: "khosh`haalee", e: "(A/The) happiness" }],
predicate: [{ p: "خوراک", f: "khoráak", e: "(a/the) food" }],
equative: [{ p: "دی", f: "dey", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Participle",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527822878,"i":14157,"p":"وروروالی","f":"wrorwaaley","g":"wrorwaaley","e":"brotherhood, comradery, tight and good friendship","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527816064,"i":7097,"p":"زغمل","f":"zghamul","g":"zghamul","e":"to endure, bear, tolerate, take on, digest","c":"v. trans.","tppp":"زغامه","tppf":"zghaamu","ec":"endure"} as ParticipleInput,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "وروروالی", f: "wrorwaaley", e: "(A/The) brotherhood" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زغمل", f: "zghamul", e: "enduring" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Noun",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
predicate: {
entry: {"ts":1527813477,"i":5790,"p":"خوشحالي","f":"khosh`haalee","g":"khoshhaalee","e":"happiness, joy","c":"n. f."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
predicate: [{ p: "خوشحالي", f: "khosh`haalee", e: "(a/the) happiness" }],
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Participle",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
predicate: {"ts":1577394057681,"i":2784,"p":"پوهېدل","f":"pohedul","g":"pohedul","e":"to understand (to come to a state of understanding)","c":"v. stat. comp. intrans.","l":1527811469,"ec":"understand,understand,understanding,understood"} as ParticipleInput,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
predicate: [{ p: "پوهېدل", f: "pohedul", e: "understanding" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Noun PREDICATE: Specified Unisex Noun",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
predicate: {
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
gender: "fem",
},
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(The) books" }],
predicate: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(a/the) nurse" }],
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "are" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Specified Unisex Noun PREDICATE: Adjective",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
gender: "fem",
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [
{ p: "نرسانې", f: "narsáane", e: "(The) nurses" },
{ p: "نرسې", f: "narse", e: "(The) nurses" },
],
predicate: [{ p: "زړې", f: "zaRe", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Specified Unisex Noun PREDICATE: Predicate",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
gender: "fem",
},
predicate: {
entry: {"ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m."} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: true,
},
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(A/The) nurse" }],
predicate: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(the) books" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Specified Unisex Noun PREDICATE: Participle",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
gender: "fem",
},
predicate: {"ts":1527813680,"i":9131,"p":"غږېدل","f":"ghuGedul, ghaGedul","g":"ghugedul,ghagedul","e":"to converse, speak, talk, sing","c":"v. intrans.","ec":"speak,speaks,speaking,spoke"} as ParticipleInput,
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(A/The) nurse" }],
predicate: [{ p: "غږېدل", f: "ghuGedul", e: "speaking" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "SUBJECT: Participle PREDICATE: Specified Unisex Noun",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {"ts":1527812856,"i":11521,"p":"لیکل","f":"leekul","g":"leekul","e":"to write","c":"v. trans.","ec":"write,writes,writing,wrote,wrote"} as ParticipleInput,
predicate: {
entry: {"ts":1527815127,"i":13259,"p":"نرس","f":"nars, nursa","g":"nars,nursa","e":"nurse","c":"n. m. anim. unisex"} as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
gender: "fem",
},
tense: "present",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "لیکل", f: "leekul", e: "writing" }],
predicate: [{ p: "نرسه", f: "narsa", e: "(a/the) nurse" }],
equative: [{ p: "ده", f: "da", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "Past tense",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "past",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: {
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "was" }],
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "was" }],
},
},
},
],
},
{
label: '"Would be" tense',
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "wouldBe",
},
out: {
ba: true,
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: {
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "would be" }],
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "would be" }],
},
},
},
],
},
{
label: "Subjunctive tense",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "subjunctive",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "وي", f: "wee", e: "is" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "Future tense",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "future",
},
out: {
ba: true,
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "وي", f: "wee", e: "will be" }],
},
},
],
},
{
label: "Past Subjunctive Tense",
tests: [
{
in: {
subject: {
entry: { "ts":1527812817,"i":9921,"p":"کتاب","f":"kitáab","g":"kitaab","e":"book","c":"n. m." } as SingularEntry<Noun>,
plural: false,
},
predicate: {"ts":1527815451,"i":7193,"p":"زوړ","f":"zoR","g":"zoR","e":"old","c":"adj. irreg.","infap":"زاړه","infaf":"zaaRu","infbp":"زړ","infbf":"zaR"} as Adjective,
tense: "pastSubjunctive",
},
out: {
ba: false,
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: [
{ p: "وای", f: "waay", e: "were" },
{ p: "وی", f: "wey", e: "were" },
],
},
},
],
},
];
describe("equativeMachine", () => {
abilities.forEach((a) => {
test(a.label, () => {
a.tests.forEach((t) => {
expect(equativeMachine(t.in.subject, t.in.predicate, t.in.tense)).toEqual(t.out);
});
});
});
});
test("assembleEquativeOutput", () => {
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
subject: [{ p: "کتابونه", f: "kitaabóona", e: "(The) books" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زاړه", f: "zaaRu", e: "old" }],
equative: [{ p: "دي", f: "dee", e: "are" }],
ba: false,
})).toEqual([{ p: "کتابونه زاړه دي", f: "kitaabóona zaaRu dee", e: "(The) books are old" }]);
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
subject: [{ p: "مونږ", f: "moonG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }, { p: "موږ", f: "mooG", e: "We (f. pl.)" }],
predicate: [
{ p: "افغانیانې", f: "afghaaniyáane", e: "(the) Afghans" },
{ p: "افغانۍ", f: "afghaanúy", e: "(the) Afghans" },
],
equative: [{ p: "یو", f: "yoo", e: "are" }],
ba: false,
})).toEqual([
{ p: "مونږ افغانیانې یو", f: "moonG afghaaniyáane yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
{ p: "مونږ افغانۍ یو", f: "moonG afghaanúy yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
{ p: "موږ افغانیانې یو", f: "mooG afghaaniyáane yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
{ p: "موږ افغانۍ یو", f: "mooG afghaanúy yoo", e: "We (f. pl.) are (the) Afghans" },
]);
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: {
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "was" }],
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "was" }],
},
ba: false,
})).toEqual({
short: [{ p: "کتاب زوړ و", f: "kitáab zoR wo", e: "(A/The) book was old" }],
long: [{ p: "کتاب زوړ ولو", f: "kitáab zoR wulo", e: "(A/The) book was old" }],
});
expect(assembleEquativeOutput({
subject: [{ p: "کتاب", f: "kitáab", e: "(A/The) book" }],
predicate: [{ p: "زوړ", f: "zoR", e: "old" }],
equative: {
short: [{ p: "و", f: "wo", e: "would be" }],
long: [{ p: "ولو", f: "wulo", e: "would be" }],
},
ba: true,
})).toEqual({
short: [{ p: "کتاب به زوړ و", f: "kitáab ba zoR wo", e: "(A/The) book would be old" }],
long: [{ p: "کتاب به زوړ ولو", f: "kitáab ba zoR wulo", e: "(A/The) book would be old" }],
});
});

2
src/lib/psmd.js → src/lib/psmd.tsx
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
import Markdown from "markdown-to-jsx";
export default function psmd(input) {
export default function psmd(input: any): any {
if (Array.isArray(input)) {
return input.map(psmd);
}

31
src/main.tsx Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client'
import App from './App'
import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css";
import "@fortawesome/fontawesome-free/css/all.css";
import { registerSW } from "virtual:pwa-register";
import {
BrowserRouter,
} from "react-router-dom";
import { UserProvider} from "./user-context";
const updateSW = registerSW({
onNeedRefresh() {
if (confirm("New content available. Reload?")) {
updateSW(true);
}
},
onOfflineReady() {
console.log("offline ready");
},
});
ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root') as HTMLElement).render(
<React.StrictMode>
<BrowserRouter>
<UserProvider>
<App />
</UserProvider>
</BrowserRouter>
</React.StrictMode>,
);

0
src/pages/404.js → src/pages/404.jsx
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6
src/types.d.ts vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
type TableOfContents = {
depth: number,
value: string,
id: string,
children?: TableOfContents,
}[];

2
src/words/adverbs/adverbs.js → src/words/adverbs.js
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
module.exports = [
export default [
1527812449, // هلته - hálta, álta
1527813043, // بې له ټاله - be la Taala
1527823145, // بېرون - beróon

11
src/words/adverbs/locative-adverbs.js
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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527811221, // پورته - porta
1578080952673, // دباندې - dubaande
1527812558, // دلته - dălta
1527812449, // هلته - halta
1527813122, // دننه - dununa
1527812780, // ښکته - xkuta
1527814605, // لرې - lure
1527814708, // نژدې - nijzde, najzde
1527814911, // نږدې - naGde
];

104
src/words/noun-adj-categories/a-fem.js
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@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527815329, // tajriba
1527812797, // xudza
1527812766, // khabura
1527816466, // صلح - sUlha
1527816589, // طرح - tarha
1589023873660, // فتح - fathá
1527813791, // اجازه - ijaaza
1614083533098, // اجنډه - ajanDa
1527811425, // darwaaza
1527816215, // اداره - idaara
1527812687, // ادامه - idaama
1527811661, // اډه - aDa
1527814310, // ارزونه - arzawuna
1527821380, // اره - ara
1527822277, // اسپه - aspa
1527814922, // اضافه - izaafa
1527822458, // افاده - ifaada
1527813303, // افسانه - afsaana
1527822494, // انانګه - anaangá
1527817225, // اندازه - andaaza
1527813759, // اندېښنه - andexna
1527815787, // اوږه - ooGá
1527813787, // اوښکه - ooxka
1527819927, // اینه - éena
1527816261, // بټوه - baTwa
1527812001, // برخه - barkha
1578009902092, // برقه - bUrqá
1527816994, // برنامه - barnaama
1579294091093, // برنډه - baranDá
1527823617, // بزه - bazá
1527823619, // بزه - bUzá
1527823620, // بزه - bza
1591026261598, // بزه - buza
1574188090133, // بسپنه - baspuna
1527816590, // بسنه - basuna
1593852212828, // بېره - béra
1527815862, // بېړه - beRa
1527815156, // پاڼه - paaNa
1527813481, // پروژه - projza
1527818409, // پروسه - purosa
1527815192, // پرېکړه - prékRa
1527822412, // پزه - páza
1527816124, // پښه - pxa
1527815155, // پلمه - palma
1566469328688, // پنکه - panka
1527815184, // پوښتنه - poxtuna
1527822437, // تاخچه - taakhchá
1527814974, // تبه - tuba
1527815332, // تمه - tama
1527815716, // تیږه - teeGa
1582390417084, // تېښته - téxta
1527822268, // ټانګه - Taangá
1527812014, // ټولنه - Toluna
1527816696, // جمله - jUmla
1527820504, // ځمکه - dzmuka
1527815497, // څېره - tsera
1527811993, // حمله - hamla
1527812720, // ژبه - jzúba, jzíba
1527812052, // خښته - khuxta
1527813475, // دقیقه - daqeeqa
1527812542, // دمه - dama
1527812085, // دنده - danda
1527822847, // ژامه - jzaamá
1527815278, // شپه - shpa
1527813145, // قبیله - qabeela
1566653299904, // کمره - kamara
1527812825, // کوڅه - kootsa
1527812756, // کېله - kela
1527812859, // لوبه - lóba
1527819087, // ماته - maata
1588076706989, // مسافه - masaafá
1527818358, // مڼه - maNá
1527812901, // مېده - meda
1527813387, // نښته - nuxúta
1527815110, // نښه - náxa, núxa
1527813391, // نېټه - neTa
1527811429, // هدیره - hadeera
1527814323, // هدیه - hadiya
1527812655, // هفته - hafta
1527812681, // هوکړه - hókRa
1578343468611, // واڼه - wáaNa
1527822717, // واوره - wáawra
1527811207, // وروځه - wróodza
1527816375, // ورېره - wrera
1527822259, // وږمه - waGmá
1527814719, // وسله - wasla
1527823717, // کپړه - kapRá
1527816257, // کتابچه - kitaabcha
1527820050, // کڅوړه - katsóRa
1527813252, // کرښه - kurxa
1527823590, // کره - kará
1527823591, // کره - kára
1527815884, // کره کتنه - karakatuna
1527823035, // کروړه - karoRá
1527816870, // کرونده - karwanda
1527817371, // کریږه - kreeGa
1598119732734, // کرېله - karelá
1527820606, // سمڅه - smútsa
1527815249, // سندره - sandura
1591034128816, // سهوه - sáhwa
1527814370, // سوږمه - soGma
1527817498, // سوکړه - sookRá
];

36
src/words/noun-adj-categories/aa-fem.js
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@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527813115, // ادعا - idaa
1527818119, // امسا - amsaa
1527815043, // جزا - jazaa
1527819022, // څا - tsaa
1527814225, // خطا - khataa
1610797589510, // خلا - khaláa
1527812582, // دعا - dUaa
1527813415, // دوا - dawaa
1527812272, // رڼا - raNaa
1527823245, // رویا - rooyáa
1586596579414, // شورا - shooraa
1527815984, // ښکلا - xkulaa
1527817670, // غلا - ghlaa
1527814362, // غوا - ghwaa
1585487002625, // قلا - qaláa
1527812048, // مانا - maanaa
1527815483, // ملا - mlaa
1527812230, // ملګرتیا - malgurtiyaa
1527812910, // مېلمستیا - melmastiyaa
1617781446945, // ناجوړتیا - naajoRtiyaa, naajoRtyaa
1527815120, // نیا - niyaa
1527811740, // نیمګړتیا - neemguRtiyaa
1527821040, // وبا - wabáa
1527823534, // وړتیا - waRtiyáa
1610443988250, // وېشلتیا - weshiltyaa, weshiltiyaa
1527816806, // وینا - waynaa
];

48
src/words/noun-adj-categories/aanu.js
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@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527815197, // پښتون
1527813148, // پروت
1574867531681, // پوخ
1576952412644, // پوست
1527815366, // تریخ
1527818789, // تریو
1527815333, // تنور
1527817664, // تود
1577408901204, // ځنګون
1527819238, // ورون
1527815162, // پتنوس
1527816071, // خپور
1574865652928, // خوږ
1527813499, // دروند
1527813943, // راستون
1576596860977, // روڼ
1527811971, // ړوند
1527815451, // زوړ
1527822421, // پرتوګ
1527815845, // ژوندون
1527815300, // سپور
1527819505, // ستون
1600080053835, // سور
1527813068, // سوړ
1575924767041, // شپون
1527813172, // کوږ
1527811973, // کوڼ
1527823497, // لړمون
1527813809, // لمونځ
1527817123, // لومد
1527817117, // لوند
1576889120767, // لوند
1527812927, // موړ
1527812908, // مېلمه
1579463171333, // نوږ
1576113803291, // ووړ
1527819244, // کوربه
1527812908, // مېلمه
];

19
src/words/noun-adj-categories/basic-fem.js
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@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527814150, // لار - laar
1527815417, // ورځ - wradz
1527812922, // میاشت - miyaasht
1527823306, // څنګل - tsangúl
1527813824, // غېږ - gheG
1527820524, // څرمن - tsarmún
1527814147, // بړستن - bRastun
1527822792, // توشک - toshák
1527818707, // ترخځ - turkhúdz
1527813294, // ږمنځ - Gmundz
1527811580, // ستن - stun
1527815779, // کنځل - kundzul
1527817456, // لمن - lamun
1527822725, // لوېشت - lwesht
1527811609, // منګل - mangul
1527821684, // ورېځ - wurédz
1527815129, // oobu
];

106
src/words/noun-adj-categories/basic-masc.js
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@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527812342, // khalk
1527814694, // mawaad
1527815177, // پلار
1527812828, // کور
1527812432, // آسمان - aasmaan
1527812431, // آم - aam
1527812434, // آواز - aawaaz
1527816724, // اتاق - Utaaq
1527811859, // اتحاد - itihaad
1527822033, // اتصال - ittisáal
1527811858, // اتفاق - itifaaq
1527813560, // اتهام - itihaam
1527812105, // احترام - ihtiraam
1527819653, // احتمال - ihtimaal
1527812689, // احتیاج - ihtiyaaj
1527812690, // احتیاط - ihtiyaat
1527813782, // احساس - ahsaas
1527817303, // اعتراض - itiraaz
1527813418, // اغېز - aghez
1527816625, // افت - afat
1527813558, // الزام - ilzaam
1527815388, // امید - Umeed
1527812453, // انځور - andzoor
1527813827, // اور - or
1527814787, // باران - baaraan
1527817293, // بام - baam
1527814849, // بانجن - baanjan
1527814106, // بحران - bUhraan
1527814885, // بخت - bakht
1527811281, // بڼ - baN
1624039195280, // بورس - boors
1527816877, // بیرغ - beyragh
1527820423, // پاسپورټ - paasporT
1527813224, // پل - pUl
1527813480, // پلان - plaan
1527815199, // پلاو - pulaaw
1527815185, // پور - por
1527815176, // پیاز - piyaaz
1527815171, // پیل - peyl
1527816610, // تاج - taaj
1527822373, // تاک - taak
1527815326, // تایید - taayeed
1527815357, // تخم - tUkhum
1527821586, // ترحم - tarahhÚm
1527811389, // تصویر - tasweer
1527814679, // تضمین - tazmeen
1527814258, // تقریر - taqreer
1527821670, // تقلب - taqalÚb
1527811602, // تکل - takál
1527813398, // تګ - tug, tag
1527822126, // تلین - tleen
1527811308, // تماس - tamaas
1527817900, // تن - tan
1527821061, // تناقض - tanaaqÚz
1527822387, // تناو - tanáaw
1527818995, // تندر - tandúr
1527815362, // توپ - top
1527816820, // توک - took
1527816520, // ټبر - Tabar
1527811348, // ټپ - Tap
1527819566, // ټکر - TUkúr
1527812213, // جمات - jUmaat
1527811705, // جوړښت - joRuxt
1527814058, // ځواب - dzawaab
1527816887, // ځواک - dzwaak
1527814649, // چوک - chok
1527815065, // څټک - tsaTak, tsTuk
1527814589, // څنګ - tsang
1527816228, // حد - had
1527813749, // حکومت - hUkoomat
1527814125, // حل - hal
1527818703, // خت - khut
1527813804, // خوب - khob
1527812815, // خوندیتوب - khwundeetob
1527813763, // دین - deen
1527811517, // سفر - safar
1527815389, // عمر - Úmur
1527816746, // غاښ - ghaax
1527812631, // غوږ - ghwuG, ghwaG
1527812265, // فرمان - farmaan
1527817205, // فلم - film
1527812727, // کال - kaal
1527812817, // کتاب - kitaab
1527812611, // ګام - gaam
1527812641, // ګل - gUl
1527812650, // ګواښ - gwaax
1527813521, // ماتم - maatam
1527812176, // ماښام - maaxaam
1527813601, // مرګ - marg
1527817691, // مستقبل - mUstaqbil
1527811866, // نقصان - nUqsaan
1527815122, // نوم - noom
1527812661, // هلک - halík, halúk
1566476070874, // واټ - waaT
1527816036, // واک - waak
1527815400, // وخت - wakht
1527818582, // ودانښت - wadaanuxt
1527811441, // ور - war
1527815406, // وطن - watán
1573149648251, // وطن وال - watanwaal
1586428847646, // وطنوال - watanwáal
1527822208, // وطواط - watwáat
1527819571, // وهم - wáhum, wahm
1527816332, // ویاړ - wyaaR
];

128
src/words/noun-adj-categories/basic-unisex.js
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@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527815408, // ویده - weedú
1527812796, // ښه - xu
1527821744, // آشپز - aashpáz
1527812461, // اتل - atul
1527821649, // اثرناک - asarnáak
1527818704, // ارت - arát
1578340121962, // ازاد - azáad
1527819418, // خپلواک - khpulwaak
1527817146, // استوګن - astogan
1527813713, // امیدوار - Umeedwaar
1527819451, // انګرېز - angréz
1527820346, // انلاین - anlaayn
1527813667, // اهم - aham
1598724912198, // اوچ - ooch
1527815138, // اورپک - orpak
1586452587974, // اوزګار - oozgáar
1527816489, // ایماندار - eemaandaar
1527820433, // باتور - baatóor
1527813425, // بخیل - bakheel
1527812511, // بد - bud, bad
1527812518, // برابر - buraabur
1527811861, // بربنډ - barbunD
1527811511, // بشپړ - bushpuR
1527812515, // بل - bul
1527815725, // بلد - balad
1577301753727, // بند - band
1527812490, // بې کار - be kaar
1527812031, // بېل - bel
1527815144, // پاک - paak
1527815201, // پټ - puT
1527815179, // پلن - plun
1527819059, // پنډ - punD
1611767359178, // ترسناک - tarsnáak
1527813270, // تروش - troosh
1527813817, // تنګ - tang
1527816354, // تیار - tayaar
1527817056, // تېز - tez
1527814076, // ټولنیز - Toluneez
1527819864, // ټیټ - TeeT
1527811894, // ټینګ - Teeng
1527812943, // ثابت - saabit
1527813085, // ثقیل - saqeel
1527820479, // جاهل - jaahíl
1588160800930, // جراح - jarráah
1527812707, // جګ - jig, jug
1527816944, // جوت - jawat
1527822996, // جوخت - jokht
1527812711, // جوړ - joR
1527816323, // ځلاند - dzalaand
1527812291, // ځوان - dzwaan
1527820112, // ځوړند - dzwáRund
1527819672, // چالاک - chaaláak
1527811230, // چټک - chaTak
1527812524, // چلان - chalaan
1527815370, // څرګند - tsărgund
1576366107077, // څک - tsak
1527812113, // حاضر - haazir, haazur
1527820699, // حامل - haamíl
1527819824, // حریص - harées
1527812669, // حساس - hasaas
1527812057, // خام - khaam
1527811523, // خاین - khaayin
1527814219, // خپل - khpul
1527812795, // خپلوان - khpulwaan
1527812808, // خوار - khwaar
1527814880, // دنګ - dung
1527812537, // ډاډمن - DaaDmun
1527812583, // ډک - Duk
1527822674, // ډنګر - Dungár, Dangár
1527817256, // ډوب - Doob
1527814277, // روغ - rogh
1609780006604, // زرخېز - zarkhéz
1527817116, // زرغون - zarghoon
1527814026, // زرین - zareen
1567594312839, // زړه ور - zuRawár
1527815848, // ژمن - jzman
1527813498, // سپک - spuk
1578329248464, // سپین - speen
1527811860, // ستر - stur
1527820178, // ستونزمن - stoonzmán
1527815246, // سخت - sakht
1527817262, // شنډ - shanD
1527813426, // شوم - shoom
1527812625, // غټ - ghuT, ghaT
1527811846, // کامیاب - kaamyaab
1527823678, // کاهل - kaahíl
1527814896, // کبرجن - kaburjun
1527813117, // کلک - klak, kluk
1578769492475, // کم - kam
1527814253, // ګډ وډ // TODO: FIX INFLECTION MACHINE FOR DOUBLES!
1578769409512, // کمزور - kamzór
1527812639, // ګران - graan
1527816786, // ګرد - gurd
1527814811, // ګرم - garm, garum
1527817662, // ګرم - gram
1527812308, // ګڼ - gaN
1527813848, // لېوال - lewaal
1527816011, // مات - maat
1527812881, // ماشوم - maashoom
1527817007, // مالوم - maaloom
1527814321, // مثبت - mUsbat
1527811264, // محکوم - mahkoom
1527814802, // مردار - mUrdáar
1527821812, // مغرور - maghróor
1527820222, // ملاست - mlaast
1527814344, // مهم - mUhím
1527816033, // نادر - naadir
1527815106, // ناست - naast
1527815127, // نرس - nurs
1527821673, // نمجن - namjún
1527815130, // وچ - wuch, wUch
1527817486, // وران - wraan
1527814373, // ورک - wruk
1527822838, // وروست - wrost
1609949334478, // وریت - wreet
1527811544, // ولاړ - waláaR, wuláaR
1527815498, // یاد - yaad
1527815434, // یخ - yakh, yukh
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/e-fem.js
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@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1568926976497, // اکسرې - iksre
1602179757779, // الف بې - alif be
1527813840, // ایرې - eere
1527816692, // اینکې - aynake
1527819286, // پاشتقې - paashtáqe
1527816299, // پیسې - peyse
1527814529, // تروې - turwe
1527816369, // تورسرې - torsăre
1577408787088, // سپرې - spre
1527822255, // سپېدې - spedé
1626765107329, // شرې - sharé
1527815008, // شودې - shoode
1527822131, // شولې - shole
1527815009, // شیدې - sheede
1527823571, // ښیالمې - xyaalmé
1527816530, // ښینې - xeene
1527823567, // لاړې - laaRe
1527822275, // لوښې - looxe
1617443138210, // مچیازې - michyaaze, muchyaaze
1527814420, // مستې - maste
1577999538077, // هرې - hire
1586551382412, // وریژې - wreejze
1527820261, // یوې - yuwe
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/ee-fem.js
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@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527820771, // آباداني - aabaadaanee
1527813939, // آزادي - aazaadee
1527818402, // اتلولي - atalwalée
1527814060, // اساني - asaanee
1527821293, // امادګي - amaadagee
1527820035, // باداري - baadaaree
1527817732, // بدبختي - badbakhtee
1588786872582, // بدنامي - badnaamee
1573682378816, // بیماري - beemaaree
1527816817, // پاکوالي - paakwaalee
1586204619186, // پرهېزګاري - parhezgaaree
1584444376984, // پلارواکي - plaarwaakee
1527818744, // ترکاڼي - tarkaaNee
1527815337, // تسلي - tasallee
1527819521, // خوشالي - khoshaalee
1527818037, // خوشبختي - khooshbakhtee
1527815914, // خوشبیني - khooshbeenee
1527811877, // دوستي - dostee
1527818019, // دوکانداري - dookaandaaree
1527822080, // دېموکراسي - demokraasee
1527813462, // کیلي - keelee
1527814492, // ګاوداري - gaawdaaree
1610013679820, // ورورولي - wrorwalée
];

13
src/words/noun-adj-categories/exception-people-fem.js
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@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527821971, // بن - bun
1527816397, // ترور - tror
1578704593901, // تندار - tandaar
1527812785, // خور - khor
1527812861, // لور - loor
1527812928, // مور - mor
1527812912, // مېرمن - mermán
1527816476, // مېرېنۍ خور - merenuy khor
1527823521, // نږور - nGor
1527816350, // ورندار - wrundaar
1527816485, // یور - yor
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/exception-people-masc.js
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@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527821817, // اکا - akáa
1527816411, // بابا - baabaa
1527819439, // باچا - baacháa
1527823298, // باښه - baaxá
1527817718, // بنده - bandá
1527815031, // بندي - bandee
1527815142, // پاچا - paachaa
1527817280, // جذامي - jUzaamee
1527814236, // چرسي - charsee
1578618561154, // حاجي - haajee
1527821193, // حامي - haamee
1591711877815, // دوبي - dobée
1527820139, // ربابي - rabaabee
1619278755267, // ربړنه - rabaRúna
1577066022588, // ساقي - saaqée
1527822817, // سپاهي - sipaahee
1527812975, // سلماني - salmaanee
1527819414, // شاهزاده - shaahzaadá
1527818084, // شرابي - sharaabee
1527821950, // شهزاده - shahzaadá
1588158828142, // ښکاري - xkaaree
1527815206, // قاضي - qaazee
1527818500, // قراردادي - qaraardaadee
1527816446, // کاکا - kaakaa
1595232159907, // ګدا - gadáa
1527816512, // لالا - laalaa
1527812878, // ماما - maamaa
1610556640847, // مردمشماري - mărdamshUmaaree
1527815484, // ملا - mUllaa
1527821714, // موازي - mUwaazée
1527816514, // موچي - mochee
1527823093, // نبي - nabee
1579041957559, // ندا - nadáa
1527816253, // نواسه - nawaasa
1527819971, // والي - waalée
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/ey-masc.js
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module.exports = [
1527818948, // اټسکی - aTúskey
1573681135691, // اربکی - arbakéy
1573659054031, // ارتوالی - artwaaley, aratwaaley
1527811890, // ازغی - azghey
1527817036, // استازی - astaazey
1527816982, // استوګنځی - astogundzey
1527818489, // اسوېلی - asweley
1527822497, // اننګی - anangey
1527821967, // اوبسپی - obspéy
1527822190, // اور غالی - orgháaley
1527821545, // اورشیندی - orsheendéy
1527819192, // اورګاډی - orgáaDey
1527815585, // اوړی - oRey
1623044357441, // ببوتنکی - bubootúnkey
1527821668, // بڅری - batsúrey
1527821239, // بډوری - baDóorey
1527821099, // برغوږی - barghwáGey
1527822629, // برغولی - barghóley
1527811903, // بری - barey
1594904072731, // بنګړی - bangRéy
1527817159, // بوټی - booTey
1527815055, // بوږنوړی - boGnwaRey
1610618917483, // پالنځی - paalundzéy
1527814666, // پای ټکی - paayTakey
1527816195, // پټکی - paTkey
1527811611, // پټی - paTey
1588762458105, // پخلنځی - pukhlandzéy
1527816059, // پخلی - pakhley
1527821241, // پرګی - purgéy
1527813812, // پړونی - paRóoney
1527822385, // پړی - púRey
1527812980, // پس پسی - puspusey
1527814005, // پسرلی - psarléy, pusărléy
1527821229, // پښتورګی - paxtawurgey
1527817035, // پلاوی - plaawey
1527815187, // پوزی - pozey
1527816627, // پوستکی - postukey
1527819332, // پوښتورګی - pooxtawúrgey
1527819496, // پوهاوی - pohaawéy
1527815168, // پېټی - peTéy
1527815927, // پېرونکی - peroonkey
1527815017, // پېروی - perúwey, peráwey
1527815325, // تاوتریخوالی - taawtreekhwaaley
1611397750325, // تاوی - taawéy
1622374978659, // تبرګی - tubúrgey
1527818705, // تخرګی - tkhurgéy
1527814392, // تړونی - taRooney
1527822723, // تشی - túshey
1577585114379, // تلی - táley
1527816630, // تندی - tandey
1527821980, // تڼی - taNéy
1527819719, // توری - tórey
1527819721, // توری - tórey
1527819622, // توغندی - toghandéy
1527814705, // توکی - tokey
1527819563, // ټکری - TUkréy
1577408381145, // ټکری - Tikréy
1527814667, // ټکی - Tákey
1527813617, // ټیکری - Teekréy
1527819733, // ځلمی - dzalméy
1527815465, // چارواکی - chaarwaakey
1527822356, // چنجی - chinjéy
1527822808, // چنی - chanéy
1527822357, // چینجی - cheenjéy
1527819046, // څاڅکی - tsáatskey
1527817874, // څرنګوالی - tsurangwaaley
1527814041, // څړمنی - tsaRmuney
1573055311846, // خبرداری - khabardaarey
1527820324, // خټکی - khaTakéy
1527819828, // درناوی - dranaawey
1588161660483, // ډانګوری - Daangooréy
1527819732, // زلمی - zalméy
1527813708, // زېری - zerey
1588758498458, // زېړی - zeRéy
1571626392709, // زېږنځی - zeGundzey
1527815698, // ژمی - jzúmey
1573686563723, // ژی - jzey
1527815239, // ساتېری - saaterey
1527813725, // ساری - sáarey
1527814021, // سپرلی - sparléy
1527813509, // سپکاوی - spukaawéy
1527815298, // سپیناوی - speenaawey
1578002674551, // سترغلی - sturghúley
1527811999, // ستوری - storey
1527817001, // ستونی - stóoney
1527813511, // سرخوږی - sărkhwuGey
1527815251, // سړی - saRéy
1527819850, // سږی - súGey
1527812302, // سوری - soorey
1527818221, // سوی - swey
1527812304, // سیوری - syórey, syóorey
1527815268, // شی - shey
1527822527, // ښتګری - xatgaréy
1527812793, // ښوونځی - xowundzey
1527821064, // ښویکی - xwayakéy
1527822650, // غټوالی - ghaTwaaley
1527814569, // غړی - ghuRey
1527817627, // غشی - ghúshey
1527822913, // غمی - ghaméy
1527816181, // قی - qey
1527814715, // کاروونکی - kaarawoonkey
1527823295, // کاڼی - káaNey
1527818563, // کبوړی - kabóoRey
1527822824, // کتاب ګوټی - kitaabgóTey
1582388629980, // کسی - kúsey
1594906790729, // ککی - kakéy
1527812836, // کلی - kuley, kiley
1610616852625, // کنګرېزی - kangrezéy
1527819196, // ګاډی - gaaDey
1579016593220, // ګنی - ganéy
1527819076, // ګوډاګی - gooDaagéy
1527822505, // ګومبوری - goomboorey
1527819079, // لاسپوڅی - laaspotséy
1573149568665, // لاسرسی - laasraséy
1527817464, // لرګی - largey
1527822801, // لستوڼی - lastóNey
1527814401, // لوبونی - lobawuney
1527814519, // لوری - lorey
1527823103, // لیدلوری - leedlorey
1527819920, // ماشی - maashey
1527820224, // مچوژی - muchwajzéy
1527817770, // مړی - múRey
1527813189, // منی - máney
1527812421, // مېږی - meGey
1527819227, // نشتوالی - nashtwaaley
1527823577, // نیالګی - niyaalgey
1527812073, // هډوکی - haDookey
1527812668, // هرکلی - hărkáley
1588153218244, // هسکوالی - haskwáaley
1585309922022, // والګی - waalgéy
1527821465, // ولی - wuléy
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/ey-stressed-unisex.js
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@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527812822, // کوچنی
1527822004, // آخرینی - aakhireenéy
1591872915426, // افغانی - afghaanéy
1612616237182, // پاکستانی - paakistaanéy
1527813400, // اوسنی - oosanéy
1527815661, // اولنی - awwalunéy
1527812476, // بچی - bachéy
1527816646, // بهرنی - baharanéy, bahranéy
1527818769, // بېړنی - beRanéy
1592382613021, // پخوانی - pakhwaanéy
1527819532, // پردی - pradéy, prudéy
1577381894391, // پرنګی - parangéy
1527820194, // پلانکی - pulaankéy
1527820130, // پلوی - palawéy
1582390092514, // پورتنی - portinéy
1610617741649, // ځنډنی - dzanDanéy, dzanDunéy
1610793723568, // چېلی - cheléy
1527819362, // خوسی - khooséy
1590052667427, // درستی - drustéy, drastéy
1527822854, // ړومبی - Roombéy
1527820213, // زمری - zmaréy
1527813923, // ژوندی - jzwundéy
1527815299, // سپی - spéy
1527820788, // ښارنی - xaaranéy
1527812822, // کوچنی - koochnéy
1527823742, // کوچی - kochéy
1527818765, // ګړندی - guRandéy
1527819130, // ګلالی - gUlaaléy
1576101261017, // ګنګی - gangéy
1582316583262, // لاندینی - laandeenéy
1527816249, // لمسی - lmaséy
1527813472, // لومړنی - loomRanéy
1527813132, // لومړی - loomRéy
1527819910, // متلی - mutléy
1527820414, // منځنی - mandzunéy
1527811202, // میاشتنی - miyaashtanéy
1527819320, // نری - naréy
1527816251, // نمسی - nmaséy
1527821373, // هوسی - hoséy
1527813636, // وروستی - wroostéy
1527815430, // یوازنی - yawaazunéy
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/ey-unstressed-unisex.js
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@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527817036, // astáazey
1582853867682, // اوسېدونکی
1527813469, // بخښونکی
1527817829, // پوروړی
1527815205, // پیاوړی
1527815924, // پېرودونکی
1527819604, // ترینګلی
1527813406, // تړلی
1527815381, // تږی
1527817607, // تور مخی
1527822859, // څپولی
1527811466, // څېړونکی
1527812377, // حکم منونکی
1527817299, // حیرانوونکی
1527813282, // خرڅوونکی
1527812809, // خوار ځواکی
1591871233587, // خوږژبی
1527814118, // دردوونکی
1527820657, // درېیمګړی
1527815713, // راتلونکی
1527812142, // رښتنی
1527812161, // رښتونی
1527811507, // رښتینی
1527813758, // زدکوونکی
1577058349091, // زړه پوری
1527817400, // زړه سواندی
1527819587, // ژباړونکی
1527814888, // ژغورونکی
1527818109, // سپېڅلی
1527811338, // سپین زړی
1527815306, // ستړی
1527822745, // سټکوری
1527817442, // سخت زړی
1527816932, // سرتېری
1527820170, // سندرغاړی
1527819964, // سوځېدونکی
1527821951, // سوی
1527812779, // ښکلی
1527812806, // ښوونکی
1527811350, // غلی
1527819637, // کارکوونکی
1527818613, // کمزوری
1595516629483, // کڼوونکی
1527820661, // مېنځګړی
1527814047, // نوموړی
1527813822, // نوی
1586453720908, // هڅوونکی
1588163180700, // هېښوونکی
1527823715, // وړکوټی
1527823714, // وړکی
1527815403, // وړوکی
1527813916, // وژونکی
1527815424, // وږی
1527823713, // ووړکی
1527816455, // وېشلی
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/non-inflecting.js
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@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527822049, // takRa
1527812798, // khufa
1527812792, // khoshaala
1527812761, // xaaysta
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/nouns-unisex.js
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@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527815737, // استاذ
1527816747,
1527821744, // آشپز - aashpáz
1527812156, // افسر - afsar
1591872915426, // افغانی - afghaanéy
1527815137, // اورپکی - orpakey
1582853867682, // اوسېدونکی - osedóonkey
1527812476, // بچی - bachéy
1623044005072, // بلواګر - balwaagar
1612616237182, // پاکستانی - paakistaanéy
1527817965, // پالونکی - paaloonkey
1527815197, // پښتون - puxtoon
1527819228, // پلټونکی - pulaToonkey
1527820130, // پلوی - palawéy
1527815924, // پېرودونکی - perodoonkey
1527816431, // ترورزی - trorzéy
1527820820, // تعقیبوونکی - ta'qeebawóonkey
1586270915475, // تي لرونکی - tee laroonkey
1613563994424, // ټوقمار - Toqmaar
1610793723568, // چېلی - cheléy
1527811466, // څېړونکی - tseRoonkey
1527812795, // خپلوان - khpulwaan
1527812802, // خر - khur
1527813282, // خرڅوونکی - khartsawóonkey
1527819362, // خوسی - khooséy
1527822535, // خیاط - khayáat
1590052667427, // درستی - drustéy, drastéy
1622873938137, // درغلګر - darghalgar
1527820656, // دریمګړی - driyamgúRey
1614081825855, // راهب - raahib
1527813758, // زدکوونکی - zdakawóonkey
1527819587, // ژباړونکی - jzbaaRoonkey
1527815299, // سپی - spéy
1610447830096, // سخی - skhey
1527816932, // سرتېری - sărtérey
1527811519, // سفیر - safeer
1622366208373, // سکرتر - sakratár
1527820170, // سندرغاړی - sandurgháaRey
1566468540788, // سوی - sooy
1527819801, // سیلانی - seylaanéy
1575924767041, // شپون - shpoon
1527815279, // شپونکی - shpoonkey
1527819173, // شنونکی - shanóonkey
1527812806, // ښووونکی - xowóonkey
1527815436, // ظالم - zaalim
1527818632, // غبرګونی - ghbargoney
1527812624, // غل - ghul
1613561408232, // قصوروار - qUsoorwáar
1527814715, // کاروونکی - kaarawoonkey
1527816256, // کړوسی - kaRwaséy
1594906790729, // ککی - kakéy
1527819244, // کوربه - korba
1527812174, // ګاونډی - gaawanDéy
1579030083953, // ګناه ګار - gUnaahgáar
1527816249, // لمسی - lmaséy
1527822661, // لوبغاړی - lobgháaRey
1589885143650, // لومبړ - loombáR
1527812043, // لیکوال - leekwaal
1527820680, // لېونی - lewanéy
1527812881, // ماشوم - maashoom
1527814445, // مامور - maamóor
1527818760, // مدني فاعل - madanee faa'al
1527821523, // مریی - mrayéy
1527814159, // ملګری - malgúrey
1527820661, // مېنځګړی - mendzgúRey
1527823403, // مینه وال - meenawáal
1527815127, // نرس - nurs
1527816254, // نوسی - nwaséy
1527814806, // همځولی - hamdzoléy ??
1527812684, // همکار - hamkaar
1527811732, // هنر مند - hUnarmand
1527821373, // هوسی - hoséy
1591027046896, // وز - wuz
1611395180139, // وطندار - watandáar
1527811296, // وکیل - wakeel
1527813585, // وګړی - wagúRey
1527814672, // ویاند - wayaand
1586454081484, // یتیم - yateem
1527812461, // اتل - atal
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/o-fem.js
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module.exports = [
1527816016, // پښټو
]

20
src/words/noun-adj-categories/short-irreg-unisex.js
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/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527816778, // اوږد - ooGd, ooGud
1527822706, // اوم - oom
1527812802, // خر - khur
1527813293, // سور - soor
1527815265, // شین - sheen
1527812624, // غل - ghul
1527815087, // مړ - muR
1527814151, // مل - mal
1527813580, // یو - yo
1527819902, // zeeG
];

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src/words/noun-adj-categories/u-masc.js
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@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527819345, // پسه - psu
1527822173, // جاړه - jaaRú
1527813508, // زړه - zRu
1588857967561, // غوایه - ghwaayú
1527817108, // کاته - kaatu
1527817768, // کارګه - kaargu
1527818516, // لمبېده - lambedú
1527813986, // لمر پرېواته - lmarprewaatu
1527813992, // لمر لوېده - lmarlwedu
1527813987, // لمرخاته - lmarkhaatu
1527818255, // لېوه - lewú
1527821522, // مریه - mrayú
1527812911, // مېړه - meRu
1527811626, // نکېده - nukedu
1527816410, // نیکه - neekú
1527822420, // واګه - waagu
1527816357, // وراره - wraaru
1527823225, // وله - wUlú
1527814789, // وېښته - wextu
1527815394, // واده - waadú
];

33
src/words/noun-adj-categories/uy-fem.js
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@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
/**
* Copyright (c) 2021 lingdocs.com
*
* This source code is licensed under the GPLv3 license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*
*/
module.exports = [
1527818017, // اټۍ - aTuy
1527812694, // انجنۍ - injUnuy
1527815140, // اونۍ - onuy, ownuy, owunuy
1566476931206, // بتۍ - batúy
1527822192, // بټۍ - baTúy
1527820828, // بچۍ - bachúy
1527822974, // بګۍ - bagúy
1591805634565, // پوښتۍ - pooxtúy
1586276322639, // ټوپۍ - Topuy
1527820058, // ټوټکۍ - ToTakúy
1527812564, // ډوډۍ - DoDuy
1527821555, // ژۍ - jzuy
1527814788, // سپوږمۍ - spoGmuy
1527820120, // غونډۍ - ghwunDúy
1527814203, // کرسۍ - kUrsuy
1527812045, // کړکۍ - kuRkúy
1527816026, // کړۍ - kaRuy
1527813870, // کشتۍ - kishtúy
1527821895, // ګوډۍ - gooDúy
1527814564, // ګولۍ - golúy
1527811763, // لکۍ - lakuy
1527812659, // هګۍ - haguy
1527821372, // هوسۍ - hosúy
];

12
src/words/noun-adj-categories/y-masc.js
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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
module.exports = [
1527815154, // پای - paay
1527812594, // ځای - dzaay
1527812525, // چای - chaay
1527812783, // خدای - khUdaay
1527819514, // دای - daay
1610797797756, // سای - saay
1527822345, // سرای - saráay
1586598425514, // بوی - booy
1527814511, // خوی - khooy
1566468540788, // سوی - sooy
];

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