--- title: An Illustrated Guide to Compound Verbs in Pashto date: "2020-11-12" updated: "2020-11-12" description: "We can think of compound verbs in Pashto as two kinds of machines" image: "./gears-bg.jpg" --- import IW from "../../../src/components/inline-word/InlineWord"; import Word from "../../../src/components/word/Word"; import VerbInfo from "../../../src/components/verb-info/VerbInfo"; import TensesChart from "../../../src/components/tenses-chart/TensesChart"; import pakhawulDiagram from "./cooking-potatoes.svg"; import becomingCookedDiagram from "./potatoes-cooking.svg"; import kaarKawulDiagram from "./doing-work.svg"; import stativeCompoundTransitive from "./stative-compound-transitive.svg"; import stativeCompoundIntransitive from "./stative-compound-intransitive.svg"; import dynamicCompoundTransitive from "./dynamic-compound-transitive.svg"; import dynamicCompoundInransitive from "./dynamic-compound-intransitive.svg"; import khufaKawulDiagram from "./making-sad.svg"; import becomingSadDiagram from "./becoming-sad.svg"; import makingTiredDiagram from "./making-tired.svg"; import becomingTiredDiagram from "./becoming-tired.svg"; import closingDoorDiagram from "./closing-door.svg"; import doorClosingDiagram from "./door-closing.svg"; import explainingStoryDiagram from "./explaining-story.svg"; import storyExplainedDiagram from "./story-explained.svg"; import storyExplained from "./story-explained.svg"; import runningDiagram from "./running.svg"; import stativeIroningDiagram from "./ironing-stative.svg"; import dynamicIroningDiagram from "./ironing-dynamic.svg"; import { Link } from "gatsby"; export const SimpleFormula = ({ items }) => { const boxStyle = { padding: "1rem", border: "2px solid black", margin: "1rem 0", }; const symStyle = { fontSize: "larger", fontWeight: "bold", margin: "0 0.5rem", }; return (
Stative Compound | Dynamic Compound |
---|---|
"Making" Compound | "Doing" Compound |
Transformer Machine | Action Machine |
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Plain | ||
1st Inf. | ||
2nd Inf. |
Stative compounds
"transformer machines"
|
Dynamic compounds
"action machines"
|
---|---|
use only
|
use
and other verbs too
|
Stative Compound | Dynamic Compound |
---|---|
Transformer Machine | Action Machine |
Takes an outside object | Includes the object in the compound |
Uses |
Uses |
The complement can be an adjective, noun, or adverb | The complement can only be a noun |
The complement gets applied to the object | The complement is the object |
Does something that changes the object | Does an action or activity, which is the object |
Often joins the two words together if the complement ends in a consonant | The two words never get joined together |
If the complement is an adjective, it inflects according to the object | The complement is the object, so it doesn't inflect |
Stative Version
Verb agrees with the object getting ironed
Verb doesn't take
|
Dynamic Version
Verb agrees with the action (ironing)
Verb takes
|
---|---|
Stative Version | Dynamic Version |
---|---|
"To kill ____" | "To commit a murder" |
Correct ✔ | Also correct ✔ |
---|---|
EDIT: Actually, I think I figured out what's happening here and it's very logical! 🤓 Will write more here soon!
## Intransitive versions So far we've only talked about the tranisitive version of these two types of compounds/machines. There is also an *intransitive version* of these machines, for when you are just talking about: - something being transformed/changed (stative) - some action happening (dynamic) ...but are not mentioning the person or thing that's *doing* the action. ### Instransitive stative componudsTransitive | |
Intransitive | |
Passive form (from transitive) |